May 21

May 21 is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 224 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Galerius as Caesar to Diocletian, beginning the period of four rulers known as the Tetrarchy.
• 878 – Syracuse, Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily.
• 879 – Pope John VIII gives blessings to duke Branimir and to Croatian people, considered to be international recognition of the Croatian state.
• 996 – Sixteen-year-old Otto III is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1349 – Dušan's Code, the constitution of the Serbian Empire, is enacted by Dušan the Mighty.
• 1502 – The island of Saint Helena is discovered by the Portuguese explorer João da Nova.
• 1554 – A royal Charter is granted to Derby School in Derby, England.
• 1674 – The nobility elect John Sobieski King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.
• 1725 – The Order of St. Alexander Nevsky is instituted in Russia by Empress Catherine I. It would later be discontinued and then reinstated by the Soviet government in 1942 as the Order of Alexander Nevsky.
• 1758 – Mary Campbell is abducted from her home in Pennsylvania by Lenape during the French and Indian War.
• 1809 – The first day of the Battle of Aspern-Essling between the Austrian army led by Archduke Charles and the French army led by Napoleon I of France sees the French attack across the Danube held.
• 1851 – Slavery is abolished in Colombia, South America.
• 1856 – Lawrence, Kansas is captured and burned by pro-slavery forces.
• 1863 – American Civil War: The Union Army succeeds in closing off the last escape route from Port Hudson, Louisiana, in preparation for the coming siege.
• 1863 – Organization of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Battle Creek, Michigan.
• 1864 – Russia declares an end to the Russian-Circassian War and many Circassians are forced into exile. The day is designated the Circassian Day of Mourning.
• 1871 – French troops invade the Paris Commune and engage its residents in street fighting. By the close of "Bloody Week" some 20,000 communards have been killed and 38,000 arrested.
• 1871 – Opening of the first rack railway in Europe, the Rigi-Bahnen on Mount Rigi.
• 1879 – War of the Pacific: Two Chilean ships blocking the harbor of Iquique (then belonging to Peru) battle two Peruvian vessels in the Battle of Iquique.
• 1881 – The American Red Cross is established by Clara Barton.
• 1894 – The Manchester Ship Canal in England is officially opened by Queen Victoria, who knights its designer Sir Edward Leader Williams.
• 1904 – The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) is founded in Paris.
• 1911 – Mexican President Porfirio Díaz and the revolutionary Francisco Madero sign the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez to put an end to the fighting between the forces of both men, and thus concluding the initial phase of the Mexican Revolution.
• 1917 – The Commonwealth War Graves Commission is established through Royal Charter to mark, record and maintain the graves and places of commemoration of Commonwealth of Nations military forces.
• 1917 – The Great Atlanta fire of 1917.
• 1924 – University of Chicago students Richard Loeb and Nathan Leopold, Jr. murder 14-year-old Bobby Franks in a "thrill killing".
• 1927 – Charles Lindbergh touches down at Le Bourget Field in Paris, completing the world's first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean.
• 1932 – Bad weather forces Amelia Earhart to land in a pasture in Derry, Northern Ireland, and she thereby becomes the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.
• 1934 – Oskaloosa, Iowa, becomes the first municipality in the United States to fingerprint all of its citizens.
• 1936 – Sada Abe is arrested after wandering the streets of Tokyo for days with her dead lover's severed genitals in her hand. Her story soon becomes one of Japan's most notorious scandals.
• 1937 – A Soviet station becomes the first scientific research settlement to operate on the drift ice of the Arctic Ocean.
• 1939 – The Canadian National War Memorial is unveiled by King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Ottawa.
• 1946 – Physicist Louis Slotin is fatally irradiated in a criticality incident during an experiment with the Demon core at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
• 1951 – The opening of the Ninth Street Show, otherwise known as the 9th Street Art Exhibition – a gathering of a number of notable artists, and the stepping-out of the post war New York avant-garde, collectively known as the New York School.
• 1961 – American civil rights movement: Alabama Governor John Malcolm Patterson declares martial law in an attempt to restore order after race riots break out.
• 1966 – The Ulster Volunteer Force declares war on the Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland.
• 1969 – Civil unrest in Rosario, Argentina, known as Rosariazo, following the death of a 15-year-old student.
• 1972 – Michelangelo's Pietà in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome is damaged by a vandal, the mentally disturbed Hungarian geologist Laszlo Toth.
• 1979 – White Night riots in San Francisco following the manslaughter conviction of Dan White for the assassinations of George Moscone and Harvey Milk.
• 1981 – Irish Republican hunger strikers Raymond McCreesh and Patsy O’Hara die on hunger strike in Maze prison.
• 1981 – The Italian government releases the membership list of Propaganda Due, an illegal pseudo-Masonic lodge that was implicated in numerous Italian crimes and mysteries.
• 1982 – Falklands War: British amphibious assault during Operation Sutton lead to the Battle of San Carlos.
• 1990 – Democratic Republic of Yemen and North Yemen agree to merge into the Republic of Yemen.
• 1991 – Former Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi is assassinated by a female suicide bomber near Madras.
• 1991 – Mengistu Haile Mariam, president of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, flees Ethiopia, effectively bringing the Ethiopian Civil War to an end.
• 1994 – The Democratic Republic of Yemen unsuccessful attempts to secede from Republic of Yemen; a war breaks out.
• 1996 – The MV Bukoba sinks in Tanzanian waters on Lake Victoria, killing nearly 1,000.
• 1996 – The Trappist Martyrs of Atlas are executed.
• 1998 – In Miami, Florida, five abortion clinics are hit by a butyric acid attacker.
• 2001 – French Taubira law officially recognizes the Atlantic slave trade and slavery as crimes against humanity.
• 2003 – An earthquake hits northern Algeria killing more than 2,000 people.
• 2005 – The tallest roller coaster in the world, Kingda Ka opens at Six Flags Great Adventure.
• 2006 – The Republic of Montenegro holds a referendum proposing independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. The Montenegrin people choose independence with a majority of 55%.

Births

• 1471 – Albrecht Dürer, German painter (d. 1528)
• 1527 – King Philip II of Spain (d. 1598)
• 1653 – Eleonora Maria Josefa of Austria (d. 1697)
• 1664 – Giulio Alberoni, Italian cardinal (d. 1754)
• 1688 – Alexander Pope, English poet (d. 1744)
• 1755 – Alfred Moore, American judge (d. 1810)
• 1763 – Joseph Fouché, French statesman (d. 1820)
• 1775 – Lucien Bonaparte, French politician, soldier and academic (d. 1840)
• 1780 – Elizabeth Fry, British social reformer (d. 1845)
• 1792 – Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis, French scientist (d. 1843)
• 1799 – Mary Anning, British fossil collector and paleontologist (d. 9 March 1847).
• 1827 – William P. Sprague, American politician (d. 1899)
• 1832 – Elizabeth Storrs Mead, American educator (d. 1917)
• 1835 – František Chvostek, Moravian physician (d. 1884)
• 1843 – Charles Albert Gobat, Swiss politician (d. 1914)
• 1844 – Henri Rousseau, French artist (d. 1910)
• 1850 – Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian vulcanologist (d. 1914)
• 1851 – Léon Bourgeois, French statesman, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 1925)
• 1853 – Jacques Marie Eugène Godefroy Cavaignac, French politician (d. 1905)
• 1856 – José Batlle y Ordóñez, Uruguayan politician (d. 1929)
• 1860 – Willem Einthoven, Dutch physiologist; Nobel laureate (d. 1927)
• 1863 – Archduke Eugen of Austria, Austrian field marshal (d. 1954)
• 1864 – Princess Stephanie of Belgium (d. 1945)
• 1873 – Hans Berger, German neuroscientist (d. 1941)
• 1878 – Glenn Curtiss, American aviation engineer (d. 1930)
• 1880 – Tudor Arghezi, Romanian writer (d. 1967)
• 1884 – Manuel Pérez y Curis, Uruguayan poet (d. 1920)
• 1885 – Sophie of Schönburg-Waldenburg, wife of William, Prince of Albania (d. 1936)
• 1898 – Armand Hammer, American businessman and physician (d. 1990)
• 1898 – Charles Léon Hammes, Luxembourgian lawyer and jurist (d. 1967)
• 1901 – Manfred Aschner, German-born Israeli microbiologist (d. 1989)
• 1901 – Horace Heidt, American band leader (d. 1986)
• 1901 – Sam Jaffe, American film producer (d. 2000)
• 1901 – Suzanne Lilar, Belgian essayist and playwright (d. 1992)
• 1902 – Earl Averill, American baseball player (d. 1983)
• 1902 – Marcel Lajos Breuer, Hungarian-born architect (d. 1981)
• 1903 – Manly Wade Wellman, American writer (d. 1986)
• 1904 – Robert Montgomery, American actor (d. 1981)
• 1904 – Fats Waller, American pianist (d. 1943)
• 1907 – John C. Allen, American roller coaster designer (d. 1979)
• 1909 – François-Albert Angers, Quebec economist (d. 2003)
• 1912 – John Curtis Gowan, American psychologist (d. 1986)
• 1912 – Monty Stratton, American baseball player (d. 1982)
• 1912 – Akiva Vroman, Dutch-born Israeli geologist (d. 1989)
• 1913 – Gina Bachauer, Greek pianist (d. 1976)
• 1916 – Tinus Osendarp, Dutch runner (d. 2002)
• 1916 – Harold Robbins, American novelist (d. 1997)
• 1917 – Raymond Burr, Canadian actor (d. 1993)
• 1918 – Dennis Day, American singer and comedian (d. 1988)
• 1920 – Anthony Steel, British actor (d. 2001)
• 1920 – Forrest White, American musical instruments industry executive (d. 1994)
• 1921 – Andrei Sakharov, Russian physicist (d. 1989)
• 1921 – A.S. Douglas, British computer scientist (d. 2010)
• 1923 – Armand Borel, Swiss mathematician (d. 2003)
• 1923 – Ara Parseghian, American football coach
• 1923 – Vernon Biever, American photographer (d. 2010)
• 1923 – Evelyn Ward, American actress
• 1924 – Peggy Cass, American actress (d. 1999)
• 1926 – Robert Creeley, American poet (d. 2005)
• 1928 – Tom Donahue, American disc jockey (d. 1975)
• 1929 – Alice Drummond, American actress
• 1930 – Malcolm Fraser, Australian politician
• 1933 – Maurice André, French trumpeter
• 1933 – Yevgeni Minaev, Soviet weightlifter (d. 1993)
• 1934 – Bengt I. Samuelsson, Swedish biochemist, Nobel laureate
• 1936 – Günter Blobel, German biologist, Nobel laureate
• 1939 – Heinz Holliger, Swiss oboist, composer and conductor
• 1941 – Martin Carthy, English folk singer and guitarist
• 1941 – Ronald Isley, American singer (The Isley Brothers)
• 1941 – Bobby Cox, American baseball manager and former player
• 1942 – Danny Ongais, American race car driver
• 1943 – Hilton Valentine, British guitarist (The Animals)
• 1944 – Marcie Blane, American singer
• 1944 – Mary Robinson, President of Ireland
• 1945 – Ernst Messerschmid, German astronaut
• 1947 – Bill Champlin, American singer
• 1947 – Jonathan Hyde, Australian-born actor
• 1948 – Leo Sayer, English singer and songwriter
• 1948 – Elizabeth Buchan, née Oakleigh-Walker, English writer
• 1951 – Al Franken, American comedian and politician, junior senator of Minnesota
• 1952 – Mr. T, American actor
• 1954 – Marc Ribot, American guitarist and composer
• 1955 – Paul Barber, British field hockey player
• 1955 – Stan Lynch, American drummer (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers)
• 1957 – James Bailey, American basketball player
• 1957 – Bruce Buffer, American Mixed Martial Arts announcer
• 1957 – Nadine Dorries, British Conservative politician
• 1957 – Judge Reinhold, American actor
• 1957 – Renée Soutendijk, Dutch actress
• 1958 – Jefery Levy, American television director
• 1959 – Nick Cassavetes, American actor and director
• 1960 – Jeffrey Dahmer, American serial killer (d. 1994)
• 1960 – Kent Hrbek, American baseball player
• 1960 – Mohanlal, Indian actor
• 1960 – Jeffrey Toobin, American writer and political analyst
• 1960 – Vladimir Salnikov, Russian swimmer
• 1962 – Richard Caputo, American Author
• 1963 – Richard Appel, American writer
• 1963 – Kevin Shields, American-born Irish vocalist and guitarist (My Bloody Valentine)
• 1964 – Danny Bailey, English footballer
• 1964 – Danny Lee Clark, American football player
• 1964 – Nancy Benoit, American professional wrestler (d. 2007)
• 1964 – Carolyn Lawrence, American actress
• 1967 – Lisa Edelstein, American actress
• 1967 – Chris Benoit, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 2007)
• 1967 – Blake Schwarzenbach, American musician (Jawbreaker, Jets to Brazil)
• 1968 – Julie Vega, Filipino child actress and singer (d. 1985)
• 1968 – Matthias Ungemach, German rower
• 1969 – Pierluigi Brivio, Italian footballer
• 1969 – Georgiy R. Gongadze, Ukrainian/Georgian journalist
• 1969 – Masayo Kurata, Japanese voice actress
• 1969 – George LeMieux, American politician
• 1970 – Dorsey Levens, American football player
• 1970 – Carl Veart, Australian soccer player
• 1972 – Adriano Cintra, Brazilian musician (CSS)
• 1972 – The Notorious B.I.G., American rapper (d. 1997)
• 1972 – Alesha Oreskovich, American model
• 1973 – Noel Fielding, British comedian
• 1974 – Fairuza Balk, American actress
• 1974 – Havoc, American rapper (Mobb Deep)
• 1975 – Lee Gaze, Welsh guitarist (Lostprophets)
• 1976 – Aditi Gowitrikar, Indian model, actress and physician
• 1976 – Deron Miller, American singer, guitarist and songwriter (CKY)
• 1977 – Quinton Fortune, South African footballer
• 1977 – Michael Fuß, German footballer
• 1977 – Ricky Williams, American football player
• 1978 – Adam Gontier, Canadian singer (Three Days Grace)
• 1978 – Jamaal Magloire, Canadian basketball player
• 1979 – Damián Ariel Álvarez, Argentinian footballer
• 1979 – Gaspard Augé, French DJ
• 1979 – Briana Banks, German-American pornographic actress and model
• 1979 – Jamie Hepburn, Scottish politician
• 1979 – James Clancy Phelan, Australian novelist
• 1979 – Scott Smith, American mixed martial arts fighter
• 1980 – Chris Raab, American television personality
• 1980 – Gotye, Australian Musician
• 1981 – Edson Buddle, American footballer
• 1981 – Josh Hamilton, American baseball player
• 1981 – Maximilian Mutzke, German singer and drummer
• 1982 – Brian Klemm, American guitarist and vocalist (Suburban Legends)
• 1983 – Veloso, Brazilian footballer
• 1984 – Lorena Ayala, Dutch/Spanish model
• 1984 – Brandon Fields, American football player
• 1984 – Sara Goller, German beach volleyball player
• 1985 – Mutya Buena, English singer (Sugababes)
• 1985 – Marco Carta, Italian singer
• 1985 – Mark Cavendish, Manx cyclist
• 1985 – Isa Guha, English cricketer
• 1985 – Kano, British rapper
• 1985 – Marie McCray, American adult actress
• 1985 – Andrew Miller, American baseball player
• 1985 – Alexander Dale Oen, Norwegian swimmer
• 1986 – Mario Mandžukić, Croatian footballer
• 1986 – Myra, American singer
• 1986 – Alexander Noyes, American drummer (Honor Society)
• 1988 – Park Gyuri, Korean singer/actress/disc jockey
• 1988 – Jonathan Howson, English footballer
• 1989 – Hal Robson-Kanu, Welsh footballer
• 1989 – Katy B, English singer-songwriter
• 1991 – Sarah Ramos, American actress
• 1992 – Hutch Dano, American actor
• 1992 – Olivia Olson, American singer and actress
• 1994 – Tom Daley, English diver and Olympian

Deaths

• 987 – King Louis V of France (b. 967)
• 1237 – Olaf the Black, King of Mann and the Isles
• 1254 – King Conrad IV of Germany (b. 1228)
• 1481 – King Christian I of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (b. 1426)
• 1512 – Pandolfo Petrucci, ruler of Siena (b. 1452)
• 1524 – Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, English soldier (b. 1443)
• 1542 – Hernando de Soto, Spanish explorer (b. 1496 or 1497)
• 1607 – John Rainolds, English scholar (b. 1549)
• 1639 – Tommaso Campanella, Italian theologian (b. 1568)
• 1647 – Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft, Dutch poet (b. 1581)
• 1650 – James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, Scottish royalist (b. 1612)
• 1664 – Elizabeth Poole, English-born Puritan settler and founder of Taunton, Massachusetts (b. 1588)
• 1670 – Niccolò Zucchi, Italian astronomer (b. 1586)
• 1686 – Otto von Guericke, German scientist (b. 1602)
• 1690 – John Eliot, English Puritan missionary (b. 1604)
• 1719 – Pierre Poiret, French mystic (b. 1646)
• 1724 – Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, English statesman (b. 1661)
• 1742 – Lars Roberg, Swedish physician (b. 1664)
• 1771 – Christopher Smart, English poet (b. 1722)
• 1786 – Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Swedish chemist (b. 1742)
• 1790 – Thomas Warton, English poet (b. 1728)
• 1844 – Giuseppe Baini, Italian composer (b. 1775)
• 1862 – John Drew, Irish-born American actor (b. 1827)
• 1879 – Arturo Prat, Chilean naval officer (b. 1848)
• 1894 – Emile Henry, French anarchist (b. 1872)
• 1894 – August Kundt, German physicist (b. 1839)
• 1895 – Franz von Suppé, Austrian composer (b. 1819)
• 1911 – Williamina Fleming, Scottish-born astronomer (b. 1857)
• 1915 – Leonid Gobyato, Russian general (b. 1875)
• 1919 – Yevgraf Fyodorov, Russian mathematician (b. 1853)
• 1920 – Venustiano Carranza, 54th President of Mexico (b. 1859)
• 1929 – Archibald Primrose, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1847)
• 1935 – Jane Addams, American social worker, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1860)
• 1949 – Klaus Mann, German writer (b. 1906)
• 1952 – John Garfield, American actor (b. 1913)
• 1956 – Harry Bensley, English rake and adventurer (b. 1877)
• 1957 – Alexander Vertinsky, Russian poet, singer, composer, cabaret artist and actor (b. 1889)
• 1964 – James Franck, German-born physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1882)
• 1965 – Geoffrey de Havilland, British aircraft designer (b. 1882)
• 1970 – E. L. Grant Watson, English biologist and writer (b. 1885)
• 1973 – Vaughn Monroe, American baritone singer, trumpeter and big band leader (b. 1911)
• 1981 – Raymond McCreesh, Irish hunger striker (b. 1957)
• 1981 – Patsy O'Hara, Irish hunger striker (b. 1957)
• 1983 – Kenneth Clark, English art historian (b. 1903)
• 1984 – Ann Little, American actress (b. 1891)
• 1988 – Sammy Davis, Sr., American dancer (b. 1900)
• 1991 – Lino Brocka, Filipino movie Director (b. 1939)
• 1991 – Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (b. 1944)
• 1995 – Les Aspin, American politician (b. 1938)
• 1996 – Paul Delph, American singer, songwriter and producer (b. 1957)
• 1996 – Lash LaRue, American actor (b. 1917)
• 1999 – Karnail "Bugz" Pitts, American rapper (D12) (b. 1979)
• 2000 – Barbara Cartland, English author (b. 1901)
• 2000 – Sir John Gielgud, British actor (b. 1904)
• 2000 – Mark R. Hughes, American entrepreneur (b. 1956)
• 2002 – Niki de Saint Phalle, French sculptor, painter and filmmaker (b. 1930)
• 2003 – Alejandro de Tomaso, Argentine-Italian racing driver and car manufacturer (b. 1928)
• 2003 – Frank D. White, American politician (b. 1933)
• 2005 – Howard Morris, American comic actor and director (b. 1919)
• 2006 – Spencer Clark, American racecar driver (b. 1987)
• 2006 – Katherine Dunham, American dancer (b. 1909)
• 2006 – Cherd Songsri, Thai film director (b. 1931)
• 2006 – Billy Walker, American singer (b. 1929)

Holidays and observances

• Afro-Colombian Day (Colombia)
• Christian Feast Day:
  • Charles-Joseph-Eugene de Mazenod
  • Emperor Constantine I
  • Earliest day on which Corpus Christi can fall, while June 24 is the latest; held on Thursday after Trinity Sunday. (Roman Catholic Church)
  • Helena of Constantinople, also known as "Feast of the Holy Great Sovereigns Constantine and Helen, Equal-to-the-Apostles." (Eastern Orthodox Church)
  • May 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Circassian Day of Mourning (Circassians)
• Day of Patriots and Military (Hungary)
• Independence Day, honors the 2006 plebiscite that indicated that 55.5% of Montenegrins were in favor of becoming a sovereign nation. (Montenegro)
• Navy Day (Chile)
• Saint Helena Day, celebrates the discovery of Saint Helena in 1502.
• World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development (International)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada