- Colonia del Sacramento
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Colonia del Sacramento — Capital city — Basilica del Sanctísimo Sacramento Coordinates: 34°28′17″S 57°50′39″W / 34.47139°S 57.84417°WCoordinates: 34°28′17″S 57°50′39″W / 34.47139°S 57.84417°W Country Uruguay Department Colonia Department Founded 1680 Founder Manuel Lobo Elevation 27 m (89 ft) Population (2004) - Total 21,714 Time zone UTC -3 Postal code 70000 Area code(s) +598 452 Colonia del Sacramento (formerly the Portuguese Colónia do Sacramento) is a city in southwestern Uruguay, by the Río de la Plata, facing Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is the oldest town in Uruguay and capital of the departamento of Colonia. It has a population of around 22,000.
It is renowned for its historic quarter, a World Heritage Site. Modern Colonia del Sacramento produces textiles and has a free trade zone, in addition to a polytechnic centre and various government buildings.
Contents
Population
In 2004 Colonia del Sacramento had a population of 21,714.[1]
Year Population 1963 13,337 1975 17,046 1985 19,102 1996 22,200 2004 21,714 Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay[2]
History
Founded in 1680 by Portugal as Colónia do Sacramento, the colony was later disputed by the Spanish who settled on the opposite bank of the river at Buenos Aires. The colony was conquered by José de Garro in 1680, but returned to Portugal the next year. It was conquered again by the Spanish in March 1705 after a siege of five months, but given back in the Treaty of Utrecht. Another attack during the Spanish-Portuguese War, 1735-1737, failed.
It kept changing hands from crown to crown due to treaties such as the Treaty of Madrid in 1750 and the Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1777, until it remained with the Spanish. It then transferred to Portuguese control again, being later incorporated in Brazil after 1816, when the entire Banda Oriental (Uruguay) was seized by the government of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves and renamed the Cisplatina province.
Now part of the independent country of Uruguay, Colonia del Sacramento has expanded to the north and east, but the original Barrio Histórico (historic quarter) retains its irregular, terrain-fitting street plan built by the Portuguese, contrasting with the wider, orthogonal calles in the newer Spanish area.
Timeline of rule
The rule from 1680 to present (with flag of the period) is:
From To Rule Reason for Handover 1680 1680 Portugal conquered by José de Garro 1680 1681 Spain Provisional Treaty of Lisbon 1681 1705 Portugal conquered in the War of Spanish Succession 1705 1713 Spain Treaty of Utrecht 1714 1762 Portugal First Cevallos expedition 1762 1763 Spain Treaty of Paris (1763) 1763 1777 Portugal Second Cevallos expedition 1777 1811 Spain Revolt led by José Gervasio Artigas 1811 1817 Liga Federal Luso-Brazilian invasion 1817 1822 Portugal Brazilian Declaration of Independence 1822 1828 Brazil Argentina-Brazil War 1828 present Uruguay Colonia del Sacramento Climate chart (explanation) J F M A M J J A S O N D 922720972620116241795211583171261148641387615969171110620131092216712518Average max. and min. temperatures in °C Precipitation totals in mm Source: Zoover (in Portuguese) Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D 3.681683.879684.675633.770593.363542.457462.55546359482.763524.268554.372612.87764Average max. and min. temperatures in °F Precipitation totals in inches Climate
Colonia del Sacramento has a mild humid subtropical climate, described by the Köppen climate classification as Cfa. Summers are warm and winters are cool, with relatively frequent frosts and fog. The precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year, with an average of 1,039 mm (40.91 in), and the annual average temperature is 17 °C (63 °F).
Points of interest
The Barrio Histórico (historic quarter) section of Colonia del Sacramento is designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. It is a popular tourist attraction for visitors from Buenos Aires, and there is frequent ferry service across the Río de la Plata between the two cities, with fast ferries completing the journey in just 50 minutes. The historical section of Colonia, which has some cobblestone streets built by the Portuguese in the 17th century, is within walking distance of the ferry terminal. Among the notable visitor attractions around the tree-lined Plaza Mayor (main square) are:
Historic Quarter of the City of Colonia del Sacramento * UNESCO World Heritage SiteCountry Uruguay Type Cultural Criteria iv Reference 747 Region ** Latin America and the Caribbean Inscription history Inscription 1995 (19th Session) * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List
** Region as classified by UNESCO- Portón de Campo – the City Gate and wooden drawbridge
- Lighthouse and convent ruins of the 17th century Convent of San Francisco
- Basilica del Sanctísimo Sacramento – the Basilica of the Holy Sacrament, built of stone by the Portuguese in 1808
- Portuguese Museum – constructed in the 18th century, it exhibits Portuguese furnishings, jewelry, uniforms and old maps of Portuguese naval expeditions
- Casa de Nacarello – an 18th century Portuguese house
- Municipal Museum – rebuilt by the Spanish in 1835 as the Casa del Almirante Brown, it exhibits artifacts and documents of the city's different periods and cultures
- Viceroy's House – the Casa del Virrey, reconstructed from the original ruins
- Iglesia Matriz – the oldest church in Uruguay, dating from 1695–99
- Plaza de toros Real de San Carlos, a Bullring included in an old tourist complex now abandoned.
Gallery
Transportation
Colonia del Sacramento is served by three ferry boat lines from Buenos Aires, Argentina: "Buquebus", "Seacat Colonia" and "Colonia Express".
Two principal highways terminate at Colonia: Highway #1 connects Colonia to Montevideo and points east; Highway #21 connects to points north, including the Aarón de Anchorena National Park, 30 kilometres (19 mi) distant, and Fray Bentos. There is also a local airport which can receive light aircraft. There is a project in planning to lengthen the runway and recommence flights to Buenos Aires (this was done in the past)and other cities within Uruguay.
The city is served by Laguna de los Patos International Airport located 17km from Colonia along route 1.
Consular representation
Argentina maintains a consulate in Colonia del Sacramento.
Twin town/sister city
See also
References
- ^ "2004 Census of Colonia department" (XLS). INE. 2004. http://www.ine.gub.uy/fase1new/Colonia/Cuadro7_05.XLS. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
- ^ "1963–1996 Statistics / C" (DOC). Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay. 2004. http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/toponimico/TOPOletraC.doc. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
- ^ (Portuguese) Cidades-irmãs de Pelotas terão espaço na Fenadoce, Prefeitura Municipal de Pelotas - accessed on June 4, 2007.
External links
- Article on Colonia del Sacramento, Official Portal of the Uruguayan Government
- 360° Virtual Tours of Colonia del Sacramento - Uruguay360.com.uy
- Tourist information about Colonia del Sacramento
- Tourist guide about Colonia del Sacramento – photos, hosting and attractions of Colonia del Sacramento attractions
- Colonia del Sacramento Website
- INE map of Colonia del Sacramento
Coast of Colonia Resorts
and
LandformsBrisas del Plata • Santa Regina (Playa Robert) • Los Pinos - Playa Fomento (Britopolis, Blanca Arena) • (Pta del Rosario, Boca del Rosario, Playa Charrua) • Juan Lacaze • Artilleros (Pta Artilleros, Playa Artilleros) - Santa Ana (Playa Santa Ana) - El Ensueño (Puerto Platero) • Riachuelo (Playa & Pta del Islote, Playa El Calabrés) • Colonia del Sacramento (Puerto de Colonia, Barrio Historico, Muelle del Yates, Playa de Colonia, Playa Real de San Carlos) • (Parque Anchorea, Barra de San Juan, Pta Francesca, Pta Pereira) • Puerto Inglés (Pta & Puerto Conchillas) • (Pta Martin Chico, Pta Dorado) • Carmelo (Pta Piedras, Playa Seré, Playa Coralito) • Zagarzazú (Playa Zagarzazú, Puerto Camacho) • Nueva Palmira (Pta Gorda, Puerto de N.Palmira, Playa de los Argentinos, Playa Higuerita, Playa Eolo, Playa Corbacho, Playa Los Vascos, Balneario Brisas del Uruguay)
Glossary : Balneario = Resort , Barra = Mouth (of river) , Barrio = Neighbourhood , Playa = Beach , Puerto = Port , Punta (or Pta) = Point, Small PeninsulaColonia Department of Uruguay Capital: Colonia del SacramentoTowns and
villagesArrivillaga • Barker • Carmelo • Colonia del Sacramento • Colonia Valdense • Conchillas • El Semillero • Florencio Sánchez • Fomento • Horqueta • Juan Lacaze • La Paz • Los Pinos • Miguelete • Nueva Helvecia • Nueva Palmira • Ombúes de Lavalle • Rosario • Tarariras • Zagarzazú
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1885–1975 Portuguese Congo1 Part of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1753. 2 Part of Portuguese Guinea from 1879. Southwest Asia16th century
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Portuguese Macau
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· 1938–1941 Lapa and Montanha (Hengqin)1 1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent invasion by Indonesia. In 2002, East Timor's independence was recognized by Portugal & the world.
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1808–1822 Cisplatina (Uruguay)Categories:- Colonia del Sacramento
- Colonia Department
- Populated places in the Colonia Department
- Populated places established in 1680
- Former Portuguese colonies
- Portugal–Spain relations
- World Heritage Sites in Uruguay
- Tourism in Uruguay
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