States and federal territories of Malaysia

Malaysia

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Malaysia

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Malaysia is a federation which consists of thirteen states (Negeri) and three federal territories (Wilayah Persekutuan). Eleven states and two federal territories are located on the Malay Peninsula while the remaining two states and one federal territory are on the island of Borneo.

The states and federal territories

Malaysia is a federation consisting of 13 states (Negeri) and 3 federal territories (Wilayah Persekutuan). These are divided between the two regions of Malaysia, with 11 states and 2 federal territories on Peninsula Malaysia and the other 2 states and 1 federal territory in East Malaysia.

Perlis Kedah Penang Kelantan Terengganu Perak Selangor Negeri Sembilan Malacca Johor Pahang Sarawak Sabah Labuan Kuala Lumpur Putrajaya South China Sea Strait of Malacca Gulf of Thailand Sulu Sea Celebes Sea

Name	Capital	Population[1]	Area (km²)[2]	Population Density[3]	License plate prefix	Phone area code	Largest Metropolitan	Abbr.	ISO	FIPS
Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur	Kuala Lumpur	1,627,172	243	6696	W	03	Klang Valley	KUL	MY-14
Federal Territory of Labuan	Victoria	85,272	91	937	L	087	-	LBN	MY-15	MY15
Federal Territory of Putrajaya	Putrajaya	67,964	49	1387	Putrajaya	03	-	PJY	MY-16
Johor	Johor Bahru	3,233,434	19,210	168	J	07, 06 (Muar & Ledang)	Johor Bahru	JHR	MY-01	MY01
Kedah	Alor Setar	1,890,098	9,500	199	K	04	Alor Setar	KDH	MY-02	MY02
Kelantan	Kota Bharu	1,459,994	15,099	97	D	09	Kota Bharu	KTN	MY-03	MY03
Malacca	Malacca Town	788,706	1,664	474	M	06	Malacca Town	MLK	MY-04	MY04
Negeri Sembilan	Seremban	997,071	6,686	149	N	06	Seremban	NSN	MY-05	MY05
Pahang	Kuantan	1,443,365	36,137	40	C	09, 03 (Genting), 05 (Cameron)	Kuantan	PHG	MY-06	MY06
Perak	Ipoh	2,258,428	21,035	107	A	05	Ipoh	PRK	MY-08	MY07
Perlis	Kangar	227,025	821	277	R	04	Kangar	PLS	MY-09	MY08
Penang	George Town	1,520,143	1,048	1451	P	04	Penang	PNG	MY-07	MY09
Sabah	Kota Kinabalu	3,120,040	73,631	42	S	087-089	Kota Kinabalu	SBH	MY-12	MY16
Sarawak	Kuching	2,420,009	124,450	19	Q	081-086	Kuching	SWK	MY-13	MY11
Selangor	Shah Alam	5,411,324	8,104	668	B	03	Klang Valley	SGR	MY-10	MY12
Terengganu	Kuala Terengganu	1,015,776	13,035	78	T	09	Kuala Terengganu	TRG	MY-11	MY13

Governance

See also: List of capitals in Malaysia

As Malaysia is a federation, the governance of the states is divided between the federal and the state governments, while the Federal government has direct administration of the federal territories.^[4] The specific responsibilities of the federal and the state governments are listed in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of Malaysia. Theoretically, any matter not set out in the Ninth Schedule can be legislated on by the individual states. However, legal scholars generally view this as a "pauper's bequest" because of the large scope of the matters listed in the Ninth Schedule. The courts themselves have generally favoured a broad interpretation of the language of the Ninth Schedule, thus limiting the number of possible subjects not covered. The Ninth Schedule specifically lists the following matters as those that can only be legislated on by the states: land tenure, the Islamic religion, and local government.^[5]

The 13 states are based on historical Malay Kingdoms, and 9 of the 13 states, known as the Malay States, retain their royal families. The Federal King (titled Yang di-Pertuan Agong) is elected (de facto rotated) among the nine rulers to serve a 5-year term.^[6] The nine Malay States have a hereditary Ruler as titular Head of state and an executive Chief Minister or Menteri Besar as politically responsible Head of government. The rulers of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Terengganu are styled Sultans (typically Islamic). Only Negeri Sembilan's elective ruler holds the rare, autochthonous Malay title of Yang di-Pertuan Besar, whereas only the Ruler of Perlis is titled Raja. Former British settlements and crown colonies of Penang and Malacca (both peninsular) and Sabah and Sarawak (both on Borneo) each have a federally appointed titular Governor (styled Yang di-Pertua Negeri) and an executive Chief Minister or Ketua Menteri.

Sabah and Sarawak have additional powers as part of the terms when they joined Malaysia, such as immigration controls. They have separate immigration policies and controls and a unique residency status.^[7] Passports are required even for Malaysians for travelling between these two states or between either state and Peninsular Malaysia, however Peninsular Malaysians who are on social/business visits up to three months are allowed to produce a MyKad or birth certificate and fill in a special form in lieu of a passport.

Each state has a unicameral legislature called Dewan Undangan Negeri (DUN, State Assembly). Members of DUN are elected from single-member constituencies drawn based on the population. The state leader of the majority party in DUN is usually appointed Chief Minister by the Ruler or Governor. The term of DUN members is five years unless the assembly is dissolved earlier by the Ruler or Governor on the advise of the Chief Minister. Usually, DUN of the states in Peninsular Malaysia are dissolved in conjunction with the dissolution of the federal parliament, in order to have state elections running concurrently with the parliamentary election. However, Rulers and Governors hold discretionary powers in dissolving the DUN.Each state sends two representatives to the Dewan Negara (Senate), the upper house of the federal parliament.

The Parliament of Malaysia is permitted to legislate on issues of land, Islamic religion and local government in order to provide for a uniform law between different states, or on the request of the state assembly concerned. The law in question must also be passed by the state assembly as well, except in the case of certain land law-related subjects. Non-Islamic issues that fall under the purview of the state may also be legislated on at the federal level for the purpose of conforming with Malaysian treaty obligations.^[8] Each state is further divided into districts, which are then divided into mukim. In Sabah and Sarawak districts are grouped into "Divisions".^[9]

Singapore and Brunei

Main article: Singapore in Malaysia

 Singapore was a Malaysian state from the formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963 until it separated from the Federation on 9 August 1965.

 Brunei was invited to join the Federation but decided not to at the end due to several issues, such as the status of the Sultan within Malaysia, division of Bruneian oil royalties, and pressure from opposition groups which amounted to the Brunei Revolt.

See also

• State emblem of Malaysia
• State flags in Malaysia
• Districts of Malaysia

Notes

1. ^ The code MY10 is not used in FIPS 10-4 but was used for FIPS 10-3^[10] (for Sabah)
2. ^ Territories named in official language for both FIPS 10-4 and ISO 3166-2:MY code lists^[11]
3. ^ Wilayah Persekutuan defined as the territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. Used by FIPS only

References

1. ^ "Laporan Kiraan Permulaan 2010". Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. p. iv. http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127. Retrieved 2011-01-24. 
2. ^ "Laporan Kiraan Permulaan 2010". Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. p. 27. http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127. Retrieved 2011-01-24. 
3. ^ "Laporan Kiraan Permulaan 2010". Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. p. 27. http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127. Retrieved 2011-01-24. 
4. ^ "Federal Territories and State Governments". Malaysia.gov.my. http://www.malaysia.gov.my/EN/Main/MsianGov/StateGovAndFederalTerritories/Pages/StateGovAndFederalTerritories.aspx. Retrieved 2010-09-21. 
5. ^ Wu, Min Aun & Hickling, R. H. (2003). Hickling's Malaysian Public Law, pp. 64–65. Petaling Jaya: Pearson Malaysia. ISBN 983-74-2518-0.
6. ^ "Malaysia". State.gov. 2010-07-14. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2777.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-14. 
7. ^ "NRD: 'H' indicates holder is a Sabahan | Daily Express Newspaper Online, Sabah, Malaysia". Dailyexpress.com.my. 2010-06-05. http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=72917. Retrieved 2010-09-14. 
8. ^ Wu, Min Aun; Hickling, R H (2003). Hickling's Malaysian public law. Pearson Malaysia. pp. 65–66. ISBN 9837425180. 
9. ^ "Malaysia Districts". Statoids.com. http://www.statoids.com/ymy.html. Retrieved 2010-11-03. 
10. ^ USAid Geocode
11. ^ MaxMind GeoIP

External links

• Local government in Malaysia