Immigration to Norway

Immigration to Norway

The number of immigrants in Norway is currently approximately 601,000, which corresponds to 12.2 percent of the total population (2011).[1] In addition to these, 213,486 are born in Norway with one immigrant parent, 31,540 are born abroad with one Norwegian parent, and 37,056 are born abroad to Norwegian parents (including adopted children). The population of Norway is about 4.9 million. In 2011 the net migration rate was at 42,622. In 2011, of the total 600,922 with immigrant background, 245 751 had Norwegian citizenship (42.1 percent).[2] The cities or municipalities with the highest share of immigrants are Oslo (27%) and Drammen (22%). The five largest immigrant groups in Norway are in turn Polish, Swedish, Pakistanis, Iraqi and Somali.[3]

Contents

History

Norway has a long history of immigration. During the Viking era, almost all Norwegian kings sought their wives from foreign countries, thus seeking allies in other royal houses.[4]

Social and economic innovation has frequently been connected to immigration: the hanseatic league introduced large scale trade in Bergen and Northern Norway. Mining in Kongsberg, Røros and other places was made possible by immigrants from nearby countries, and from ca 1500 until the first university was established in Christiania in 1811, almost all civil servants were immigrants. During the 19th century the evolution of dairies and the industrial exploitation of waterfalls depended on immigrants.[5]

Contemporary immigration

The main waves of immigrants in the 20th and 21st century were caused by wars and riots in the migrants' home countries: Jews from eastern Europe early in the 20th century, refugees from Hungary in the 1950s, from Chile and Vietnam in the 1970s.[citation needed] In the mid 1980s, there was an increase in the number of asylum seekers from countries such as Iran and Sri Lanka. In the 1990s, war refugees from the Balkans were the predominant immigrant group accepted into Norway; a large number of which have since returned home to Kosovo. Since the end of the 1990s, new groups of asylum seekers from countries such as Iraq, Somalia, and Afghanistan arrived.[citation needed]

In 2006, Norway received a record 45,800 migrants with 22,100 leaving, for a net immigration of 23,700. This was 30 percent higher than in 2005.[6]

Demographics

Population

The number of immigrants in Norway and children of two immigrant parents was in 2010 approximately 552,000 combined, which corresponded to 11.4% of the total population (2010).[1] In addition to these, 206,627 are born in Norway with one immigrant parent, 30,766 are born abroad with one Norwegian parent, and 36,688 are born abroad to Norwegian parents (including adopted children). In 2009, the Norwegian net migration rate was at 43,346. Of the total 600,922 with immigrant background, 245,751 had Norwegian citizenship (42.1 percent).[2] The cities or municipalities with the highest share of immigrants in 2010 was Oslo (27 percent) and Drammen (22 percent). According to Reuters, Oslo is the "fastest growing city in Europe because of increased immigration".[7]

Countries of origin

Rank Country of origin[8] Population (2001)[9] Population (2011)[3]
1.  Poland 6,432 60,610
2.  Sweden 23,010 34,108
3.  Pakistan 23,581 31,884
4.  Iraq 12,357 27,827
5.  Somalia 10,107 27,523
6.  Germany 9,448 24,394
7.  Vietnam 15,880 20,452
8.  Denmark 19,049 19,522
9.  Iran 11,016 16,957
10.  Turkey 10,990 16,430
11.  Lithuania 378 16,309
12.  Bosnia-Herzegovina 12,944 16,125
13.  Russia 3,749 15,879
14.  Philippines 5,885 14,797
15.  Sri Lanka 10,335 14,017
16.  United Kingdom 10,925 13,395
17.  Kosovo 0 [10] 13,303
18.  Thailand 3,738 13,293
19.  Afghanistan 1,346 12,043
20.  India 6,140 10,096
21.  Morocco 5,719 8,305
22.  China, People's Republic of 3,654 7,895
23.  United States 7,253 7,853
24.  Eritrea 813 7,728
25.  Chile 6,491 7,708
26.  Netherlands 3,848 7,251
27.  Finland 6,776 6,626
28.  Iceland 3,756 6,022
29.  Ethiopia 2,803 5,805
30.  Romania 1,054 5,670
31.  Latvia 385 4,979
32.  France 2,350 4,289
33.  Burma 63 3,350
34.  Palestinian Territory 64 3,340
35.  Croatia 1,863 3,327
36.  Macedonia, Republic of 789 3,244
37.  Brazil 824 3,017
38.  Serbia 0 [10] 2,987
39.  Ukraine 399 2,918
40.  Estonia 342 2,871
41.  Bulgaria 842 2,693
42.  Hungary 1,666 2,599
43.  Spain 1,382 2,577
44.  Slovakia 207 2,498
45.  Lebanon 1,613 2,476
46.  Italy 1,265 2,230
47.  Congo, Democratic Republic of 276 2,183
48.  Syria 860 2,163
49.  Ghana 1,355 2,116
50.  Canada 1,120 1,680
51.  Czech Republic 557 1,614
52.  Sudan 433 1,611
53.  Algeria 927 1,525
54.  Gambia 1,050 1,472
55.  Nigeria 541 1,389
56.  Kenya 689 1,344
57.  Colombia 604 1,307
58.  Australia 609 1,294
59.  Switzerland 922 1,242
60.  Indonesia 405 1,237
61.  Portugal 704 1,226
62.  Burundi 69 1,192
63.  Peru 492 1,124
64.  Liberia 29 1,116
65.  Tunisia 648 1,097
66.  Austria 768 1,074
67.  Uganda 501 941
68.  Belgium 595 939
69.  Nepal 157 893
70.  Egypt 413 883
71.  Bangladesh 490 850
72.  Mexico 358 846
73.  Greece 533 834
73.  Hong Kong 742 834
74.  Japan 562 831
75.  South Korea 393 828
76.  South Africa 491 809
77.  Tanzania 464 784
78.  Cuba 286 781
79.  Kazakhstan 60 767
80.  Belarus 134 752
81.  Faroe Islands 770 751
82.  Ireland 445 727
83.  Argentina 378 700
84.  Rwanda 218 688
85.  Dominican Republic 276 648
86.  Venezuela 152 641
87.  Israel 485 630
88.  Sierra Leone 247 574
89.  Albania 156 539
90.  Cameroon 83 534
91.  Malaysia 257 514
92.  Cape Verde 297 505
93.  Cambodia 277 500
94.  Azerbaijan 95 476
95.  New Zealand 252 453
96.  Jordan 144 436
97.  Angola 96 434
98.  Moldova 43 376
99.  Ecuador 174 375
99.  Montenegro 0 [10] 375
100.  Singapore 220 366
101.  Kuwait 133 359
102.  Uzbekistan 35 355
103.  Libya 62 329
104.  Zambia 114 324
105.  Côte d'Ivoire 110 269
106.  Saudi Arabia 47 264
107.  Trinidad and Tobago 204 263
108.  Yemen 51 259
109.  Bhutan 10 253
110.  Armenia 47 251
111.  Georgia 47 248
112.  Bolivia 134 245
113.  Slovenia 53 238
114.  Taiwan 113 227
115.  Senegal 83 220
116.  Mauritius 181 214
117.  Madagascar 141 212
118.  Zimbabwe 119 210
119.  El Salvador 134 202
119.  United Arab Emirates 33 202
120.  Uruguay 167 197
121.  Guinea 39 175
122.  Congo, Republic of 60 164
122.  Kyrgyzstan 6 164
123.  Guatemala 81 162
124.  Jamaica 73 147
125.  Nicaragua 78 137
126.  Togo 80 135
127.  Mozambique 72 128
128.  Honduras 64 103

Religion

Immigration has altered the religious demography of Norway, with Islam now the second largest religion with up to 163,000 adherents, accounting for about 3.4% of the total population (2009).[11] Other religions which have increased mainly as a result of recent post-war immigration (with adherents in parenthesis), include Roman Catholicism (1.2%/4.7%), Hinduism (0.5%), Buddhism (0.4%), Orthodoxy (0.2%) and Bahá'í Faith (<0.1%).

Among the immigrants, 250,030 have background from Christian countries, 119,662 from Muslim countries, 28,942 from Buddhist countries, and 7,224 from Hindu countries.[12]

Employment

The unemployment rate for foreign-born Norwegians is 9.2 percent, compared to a figure of 2.1 percent for the general population.[13]

Effects of immigration

Demographic

Since 1970, the immigrant population from Nordic countries and Western Europe has increased modestly from around 50,000 to around 120,000. In the same time frame however, the immigrant population from outside these regions, has increased dramatically from barely anything to more than 420,000 (137,572 from Eastern Europe, and 284,246 from Asia, Africa and South America). During the course of the first four-year term of the ruling Red-Green Coalition government (2005–2009), the immigrant population of Norway increased by 41 percent, or 143,300 persons. From 2000 to 2010, 510,748 persons received permanent residence permits.[14]

Language

Legal and administration issues

The Directorate of Immigration (UDI) is responsible for the administration of immigration into the country.[15] Before the UDI was established in 1998, several government organisations were involved in administrating immigration.[16] Another body, Integrerings- og mangfoldsdirektoratet (IMDi) (Directorate of Integration and Diversity), "contribute[s] to equality in living conditions and diversity through employment, integration and participation".[17]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents". Statistics Norway. 28 April 2011. Accessed 7 August 2011. Archived 7 August 2011.
  2. ^ a b "Five different delimitations of persons with immigration background/foreign background, by citizenship and immigrant category". Statistics Norway. 28 April 2011. Accessed 7 August 2011. Archived 7 August 2011.
  3. ^ a b "Persons with immigrant background, by immigration category, country background and gender". Statistics Norway. 28 April 2011. Accessed 7 August 2011. Archived 7 August 2011.
  4. ^ From Harald Finehair to Håkon Håkonsson eight out of ten known queens were princesses from neighbouring countries. Steinar Imsen. Våre dronninger (Norwegian). Grøndahl og Dreyer. 1991. ISBN 82-09-10678-3
  5. ^ Knut Kjeldstadli. Norsk innvandringshistorie (Norwegian). Pax, 2003. ISBN 82-530-2541-6
  6. ^ "Immigration to Norway increasing". workpermit.com. 8 May 2007. Accessed 22 July 2011. Archived 7 August 2011.
  7. ^ Hare, Sophie. "Factbox – facts about Norway". Reuters. 22 July 2011. Accessed 22 July 2011.
  8. ^ Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents
  9. ^ "Innvandrarbefolkninga og personar med annan innvandringsbakgrunn, etter innvandringskategori, kjønn og landbakgrunn. 1. januar 2001". Statistics Norway. http://www.ssb.no/innvbef/arkiv/tab-2001-10-29-05.html.  (Norwegian)
  10. ^ a b c 15,469 from Yugoslavia
  11. ^ Leirvik, Oddbjørn. "slam i Norge". Google translation. University of Oslo. 2008. Accessed 7 August 2011.
  12. ^ "De fleste innvandrerne er kristne" Google translation. NRK. 9 December 2009. Accessed 7 August 2011.
  13. ^ Berry; John W.; Phinney, Jean S.; Sam, David L.; Vedder, Paul. (eds) (2006). Immigrant Youth in Cultural Transition: Acculturation, Identity, and Adaptation Across National Contexts. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. pp. 33–34.
  14. ^ "Norway received 500,000 immigrants in 10 years". norwaypost.no. Accessed 7 August 2011.
  15. ^ "About UDI". Directorate of Immigration. Accessed 22 July 2011. Archived 7 August 2011.
  16. ^ "A brief history of the UDI". Directorate of Immigration. 6 May 2004. Accessed 22 July 2011. Archived 7 August 2011.
  17. ^ "About IMDi". Directorate of Integration and Diversity. Accessed 22 July 2011.

Further reading

External links


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