Interstitial lung disease

Interstitial lung disease
Interstitial lung disease
Classification and external resources

End-stage pulmonary fibrosis of unknown origin, taken from an autopsy in the 1980s.
ICD-10 J84.9
ICD-9 506.4, 508.1, 515, 516.3, 714.81, 770.7

Interstitial lung disease (ILD), also known as diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD),[1] refers to a group of lung diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue and space around the air sacs of the lungs). [2] It concerns alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, perivascular and perilymphatic tissues.

The term ILD is used to distinguish these diseases from obstructive airways diseases.

Prolonged ILD may result in pulmonary fibrosis, but this is not always the case. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is one form of "interstitial lung disease".

Contents

Causes

The alveoli
Micrograph of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). UIP is the most common pattern of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (a type of interstitial lung disease) and usually represents idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. H&E stain. Autopsy specimen.

ILD may be classified according to the cause.[3] One method of classification is as follows:

  1. Inhaled substances
  2. Drug induced
  3. Connective tissue disease
  4. Infection
  5. Idiopathic
  6. Malignancy

Investigation

Patients with pneumocystis pneumonia can present with interstitial lung disease, as seen in the reticular markings on this AP chest x-ray
A chest X-ray demonstrating pulmonary fibrosis due to amiodarone.

Investigation is tailored towards the symptoms and signs. Most patients have blood testing, chest x-ray, pulmonary function testing, and high resolution CT thorax.

A lung biopsy is required if the clinical history and imaging are not clearly suggestive of a specific diagnosis or malignancy cannot otherwise be ruled out.

TLCO will be decreased in these patients.

Treatment

ILD is not a single disease, but encompasses many different pathological processes. Hence treatment is different for each disease.

If a specific occupational exposure cause is found, the person should avoid that environment. If a drug cause is suspected, that drug should be discontinued.

Many idiopathic and connective tissue-based causes of ILD are treated with corticosteroids,[4] such as prednisolone. Some patients respond to immunosuppressant treatment. Patients with hypoxemia may be given supplemental oxygen.

References

External links

For more information and resources on ILD, please visit the UCSF ILD Program website


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • interstitial lung disease — a heterogeneous group of noninfectious, nonmalignant disorders of the lower respiratory tract, affecting primarily the alveolar wall structures but also often involving the small airways and blood vessels of the lung parenchyma; slowly… …   Medical dictionary

  • respiratory bronchiolitis–associated interstitial lung disease — a mild interstitial lung condition seen in cigarette smokers, characterized by patchy inflammation of bronchioles with filling of their lumina as well as adjacent alveoli and alveolar ducts by pigmented macrophages, resulting in dyspnea and a… …   Medical dictionary

  • Obstructive lung disease — Classification and external resources MeSH D008173 Obstructive lung disease is a category of respiratory disease characterized by airway obstruction. It is generally characterized by inflamed and easily collapsible airways, obstruction to airflow …   Wikipedia

  • Occupational lung disease — Main Article Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Occupational lung diseases are a branch of occupational diseases concerned primarily with work related exposures to harmful substances, be they dusts or gases, and the subsequent pulmonary …   Wikipedia

  • Alveolar lung disease — Alveolar lung disease, also known as airspace disease, is a general term that described edema and exudates in the airspaces of the lung (the acini and alveoli).CausesAlveolar lung disease may be divided into acute or chronic. Causes of acute… …   Wikipedia

  • Interstitial fluid — (or tissue fluid) is a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid.On average, a person has about 11 litres (2.4… …   Wikipedia

  • restrictive lung disease — a general term comprising pulmonary diseases characterized by decreased total lung capacity, including those caused by disorders affecting the chest wall (e.g., poliomyelitis and scoliosis), and those caused by infiltrative interstitial diseases …   Medical dictionary

  • lung — One of a pair of viscera occupying the pulmonary cavities of the thorax, the organs of respiration in which aeration of the blood takes place. In humans, the right l. is slightly larger than the left and is divided into three lobes (an upper, a… …   Medical dictionary

  • interstitial pneumonia — noun chronic lung disease affecting the interstitial tissue of the lungs • Hypernyms: ↑respiratory disease, ↑respiratory illness, ↑respiratory disorder …   Useful english dictionary

  • Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia — Classification and external resources Micrograph of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). UIP is the most common pattern of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and usually represents idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”