Manuel Antonio Sanclemente

Manuel Antonio Sanclemente
7th President of Colombia
In office August 7, 1898 – July 31, 1900
Vice President	José Manuel Marroquín
Preceded by	Miguel Antonio Caro
Succeeded by	José Manuel Marroquín
Personal details
Born	Manuel Antonio Sanclemente Sanclemente September 19, 1814(1814-09-19) Buga, Valle del Cauca Department
Died	March 12, 1902(1902-03-12) (aged 87) Villeta, Cundinamarca, Colombia
Nationality	Colombian
Political party	Conservative
Other political affiliations	National Party
Spouse(s)	Nazaria Domínguez
Alma mater	University of Cauca
Occupation	Lawyer, educator, politician
Religion	Roman Catholic

This name uses Spanish naming customs; the first or paternal family name is Sanclemente and the second or maternal family name is Sanclemente.

Manuel Antonio Sanclemente Sanclemente (1814–1902) was President of Colombia between 1898 and 1900.^[1]

Early life

Sanclemente was born in Buga, Valle del Cauca Department on September 19, 1814.^[1] He died in Villeta, Cundinamarca on March 19, 1902, during his house arrest.^[2] He studied Law at the University of Cauca in Popayán. He graduated as a lawyer, in 1837.^[1]

Political career

Sanclemente was elected to the position of Magistrate of the Supreme Court of Colombia in 1854. During the administration of President Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, Sanclemente was appointed Secretary of Government and Minister of War, position that he would serve between April 1, 1857 and July 18, 1861.^[1]

The Presidency

In 1898, Sanclemente runs for President of Colombia, at age 84. The conservative candidates for this election were Sanclemente for president and José Manuel Marroquín for vice-president. The Consejo Electoral (electoral commission) certified the results in favor of Sanclemente and Marroquín on July 4, 1898. They were elected for a six years presidential term.^[1] The day of the inauguration, August 7, 1898, Sanclemente was sick and not feeling well enough to take the oath as President. Thus, his Vice-Presidente Marroquín, hat to take the oath in his place.^[3] A few weeks later, Sanclemente notified the Senate that he intended to assume his office as President on November 3, 1898. The Senate in turn informed the House of Representatives of his intentions. The House objected to that date, but instead proposed November 5, for his inauguration. This childish wrestling by the House was nothing else but to show his displeasure with Sanclemente. The Senate did not agree with the House. Thus, on November 3, Sanclemente expressed that if the House would not assemble with the Senate in a joint session of Congress, he would take his oath before the Supreme Court. And in fact he did. A few days later, the House recognized his inauguration.^[3]

On October 1899, the Colombian Liberal Party launched a mayor assault, with all its human, political and military power, against the government of Sanclemente, just like the revolution that Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera had launched against the government of Mariano Ospina Rodríguez in 1860. This was the beginning of the tragic and famous civil war known as the Thousand Days War.^[4]

The revolt started in Santander and spread out through the entire country. The principal revolutionary Generals of the liberal party were Gabriel Vargas Santos, Rafael Uribe Uribe, Benjamín Herrera, Foción Soto and Lucas Caballero. Defending the government were the conservative Generals Ramón González Valencia, Alfredo Vásquez Cobo, Jorge Holguín and Pedro Nel Ospina. The civil war lasted for three years, until November 1902, and left thousands dead, millions in monetary losses and a profound resentment among the people. Both sides won and loss many battles, but at the end, the conservative government was triumphant.^[4]

On July 31, 1900, in the midst of the civil war, the last coup d’état of the XIX Century would take place. President Sanclemente advanced in years, not in good health and not fully fit to govern the country in the middle of a devastating civil war. While Sanclemente was resting in his summer retreat, in the town of Villeta, a group of influential politicians and high ranking military gathered in Bogotá determined to place him under house arrest. Sanclemente was notified of this situation on August 3. Among the military and political leaders that conjured the coup d’état were the future presidents of Colombia Miguel Abadía Méndez, José Vicente Concha and Ramón González Valencia and vice-president José Manuel Marroquín.^[4]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Gobernantes Colombianos, Ignacio Arismendi Posada, Interprint Editors Ltd., Italgraf, Segunda Edición, Page 141, Bogotá, Colombia, 1983
2. ^ Gobernantes Colombianos, Ignacio Arismendi Posada, Interprint Editors Ltd., Italgraf, Segunda Edición, Page 144, Bogotá, Colombia, 1983
3. ^ ^{a b} Gobernantes Colombianos, Ignacio Arismendi Posada, Interprint Editors Ltd., Italgraf, Segunda Edición, Page 142, Bogotá, Colombia, 1983
4. ^ ^{a b c} Gobernantes Colombianos, Ignacio Arismendi Posada, Interprint Editors Ltd., Italgraf, Segunda Edición, Page 143, Bogotá, Colombia, 1983

External links

• "About Manuel Antonio Sanclemente". http://www.presidencia.gov.co/prensa_new/historia/manusancle.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-22. 

Persondata
Name	Sanclemente, Manuel Antonio
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	September 19, 1814
Place of birth	Buga, Valle del Cauca Department
Date of death	March 12, 1902
Place of death	Villeta, Cundinamarca, Colombia