National Progressive Front (Syria)

For the Iraqi variant, see National Progressive Front (Iraq).

Syria

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The National Progressive Front (Arabic: الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية‎, al-Jabha al-Wataniyyah at-Taqaddumiyyah, NPF), established in 1972, is a coalition of political parties in Syria that support the socialist and Arab nationalist orientation of the government and accept the "leading role in society" of the Arab Socialist Ba’ath Party, (the biggest party in the NPF).

The Front was established by Syrian president Hafiz al-Asad to provide for a limited degree of participation in government by political parties other than the ruling Ba'ath Party. Its constitution provides that the Ba'ath Party controls 50% plus one of the votes on its executive committee. A number of seats in the People's Council of Syria are reserved for members of NPF parties other than the Ba'ath Party. These minor parties are legally required to accept the leadership of the Ba'ath Party. The non-Ba'athist parties in the Progressive Front, for example, are not allowed to canvass for supporters in the army or the student body which are "reserved exclusively for the Ba'ath."^[1]

From 1972 to date, only parties participating in the NPF have been legally permitted to operate in Syria. There is currently considerable discussion in Syria regarding a proposed new law which will allow political parties to be formed more generally: it is as yet unclear whether the parties to be licensed under this law would be required to join the NPF. Traditionally, the parties of the NPF are socialist and/or Arab nationalist in orientation, but in 2005 the Syrian Social Nationalist Party was formally legalized and joined the front as the first non-Socialist, non-Arab nationalist party admitted to the NPF. Some have suggested this may allow toleration of broader ideological viewpoints within Syrian politics, but ethnically-based (Kurdish and Assyrian) movements continue to be repressed, and a strict ban on religious and right-wing parties is still enforced.

The NPF is composed of eleven political parties:

• Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (Article 8 of the Constitution of Syria states that "the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party leads the state and society"),
• Arab Socialist Movement
• Arab Socialist Union
• Syrian Communist Party (Khalid Bakdash faction)
• Syrian Communist Party (Yusuf Faisal faction)
• Social Democratic Unionists
• Socialist Unionists
• Syrian Social Nationalist Party
• Democratic Socialist Unionist Party
• Arabic Democratic Unionist Party
• National Vow Movement

See also

• Politics of Syria

References

1. ^ Seale, Patrick, Asad, the Struggle for the Middle East, University of California Press, 1989, p.176