Hewlett-Packard

Infobox Company
company_name = Hewlett-Packard Company
company_
company_type = Public (nyse|HPQ)
slogan = Invent.
founder = Bill Hewlett, Co-founder
David Packard, Co-founder

foundation = Palo Alto, California (1939)
location_city = Flagicon|USA Palo Alto, California
divisions = Snapfish, HP Labs, ProCurve, Compaq, EDS
location_country = USA
key_people = Mark V. Hurd, Chairman, CEO and President
Cathie Lesjak, CFO and EVP
Ann Livermore, EVP TSG
Randall D. Mott, CIO and EVP
Michael Holston, General Counsel and EVP

num_employees = 172,000 (2008) [cite web |url=http://zenobank.com/index.php?symbol=HPQ&page=quotesearch |title=Company Profile for Hewlett-Packard Co (HPQ) |accessdate=2008-09-29]
industry = Computer Systems Computer Peripherals Computer Software Consulting IT Services
products Computer Monitors
Digital Cameras

Networking
Personal Computers and Laptops
Personal Digital Assistants
Printers
Scanners
Servers
Storage
Televisions

market c
USD (2008) [ [http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=HPQ&d=t HPQ: Summary for Hewlett-Packard Co - Yahoo! Finance ] ]
revenue = profit$104.3 billion USD (2007)
net_income = profit$7.3 billion USD (2007)
homepage = [http://www.hp.com/ www.hp.com]
[http://www.hpshopping.com/ www.hpshopping.com]
[http://www.compaq.com/ www.Compaq.com]
[http://www.eds.com/ www.EDS.com]
[http://www.VoodooPC.com/ www.voodooPC.com]
[http://www.lightscribe.com/ www.lightscribe.com] The Hewlett-Packard Company (nyse|HPQ), commonly referred to as HP, is an information technology corporation headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States. HP is the largest technology company in the world and operates in nearly every country. HP specializes in building personal computers, notebook computers, servers, blades, switches, printers, calculators, networking products, software, telephones, PDAs, digital cameras, storage, communication platforms, and home media devices among other technology related products and services.

The company once catered primarily to engineering and medical markets—a line of business it spun off as Agilent Technologies in 1999. Today, it operates as a diverse company marketing specific products to households, small to medium size businesses and enterprises. HP sells products such as printers and printer supplies, home and business PCs, and industry-standard servers both directly, via online distribution, consumer-electronics and office-supply retailers, software partners and major technology vendors such as CDW.

HP posted US $91.7 billion in annual revenue in 2006 [http://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/irol/71/71087/pdf/HP_2006AR.pdf HP 2006 Annual Report] compared to US$91.4 billion for IBM, making it the world's largest technology vendor in terms of sales. In 2007 the revenue was $104 billion, [ [http://www.cbronline.com/article_news.asp?guid=C4927745-C588-4832-B8A1-92C3B77DDFE0 HP Reports Fourth Quarter 2007 Results: Financial News - ] ] making HP the first IT company in history to report revenues exceeding $100 billion. [http://redmondmag.com/reports/article.asp?EditorialsID=494 RedmondMag.com - The Race to $100 Billion]

HP is the largest worldwide seller of personal computers, surpassing rival Dell, according to market research firms Gartner and IDC reported in January 2008; [Source: Gartner http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=584210] the gap between HP and Dell widened substantially at the end of 2007, with HP taking a near 3.9% market share lead. HP is also the 5th largest software company in the world. ["Software Top 100": [http://www.softwaretop100.org/list.php?page=1 "The World's Largest Software Companies"] ]

Company history

Founding

William (Bill) Hewlett and David (Dave) Packard both graduated in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1934. The company originated in a garage in nearby Palo Alto during a fellowship they had with a past professor, Frederick Terman at Stanford during the Great Depression. Terman was considered a mentor to them in forming Hewlett-Packard.cite book |author=Malone, Michael |title=Bill & Dave: How Hewlett and Packard Built the World's Greatest Company |publisher=Portfolio Hardcover |location= |year=2007 |pages=39–41 |isbn=1-59184-152-6 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=]

The partnership was formalized on January 1, 1939 with an investment of US$538. [ [http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/abouthp/histnfacts/garage/ HP History: HP's Garage ] ] Hewlett and Packard tossed a coin to decide whether the company they founded would be called Hewlett-Packard or Packard-Hewlett. Packard won the coin toss but named their electronics manufacturing enterprise the "Hewlett-Packard Company". HP incorporated on August 8, 1947, and went public on November 6, 1957.

Of the many projects they worked on, their very first financially successful product was a precision audio oscillator, the Model HP200A. Their innovation was the use of a small light bulb as a temperature dependent resistor in a critical portion of the circuit. This allowed them to sell the Model 200A for $54.40 when competitors were selling less stable oscillators for over $200. The Model 200 series of generators continued until at least 1972 as the 200AB, still tube-based but improved in design through the years. At 33 years, it was perhaps the longest-selling basic electronic design of all time.

One of the company's earliest customers was The Walt Disney Company, which bought eight Model 200B oscillators (at $71.50 each) for use in certifying the Fantasound surround sound systems installed in theaters for the movie "Fantasia".

Early years

The company was originally rather unfocused, working on a wide range of electronic products for industry and even agriculture. Eventually they elected to focus on high-quality electronic test and measurement equipment.

From the 1940s until well into the 1990s the company focused on making electronic test equipment. A distinguishing feature was pushing the limits of measurement range and accuracy: many HP instruments were more sensitive, accurate, and precise than other comparable equipmentFact|date=April 2008. Amongst instruments produced were signal generators, voltmeters, oscilloscopes, frequency counters, thermometers, time standards, wave analyzers, and many others.

Following the pattern set by the company's first product, the 200A, test instruments were labelled with three to five digits followed by the letter "A". Improved versions went to suffixes "B" through "E". As the product range grew wider HP started using product designators starting with a letter for accessories, supplies, software, and components.

The 1960s

HP is recognized as the symbolic founder of Silicon Valley, although it did not actively investigate semiconductor devices until a few years after the "Traitorous Eight" had abandoned William Shockley to create Fairchild Semiconductor in 1957. Hewlett-Packard's HP Associates division, established around 1960, developed semiconductor devices primarily for internal use. Instruments and calculators were some of the products using these devices.

HP partnered in the 1960s with Sony and the Yokogawa Electric companies in Japan to develop several high-quality products. The products were not a huge success, as there were high costs in building HP-looking products in Japan. HP and Yokogawa formed a joint venture (Yokogawa-Hewlett-Packard) in 1963 to market HP products in Japan. [ [http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/abouthp/histnfacts/timeline/hist_60s.html HP History : 1960s ] ] HP bought Yokogawa Electric's share of Hewlett-Packard Japan in 1999. [ [http://www.yokogawa.com/pr/Corporate/News/1999/pr-news-1999-03-en.htm Yokogawa Electric Corporation and Hewlett-Packard Company Announce "Hewlett-Packard Japan to become Wholly Owned HP Subsidiary" HP and Yokogawa Sign Agreement] ]

HP spun off a small company, Dynec, to specialize in digital equipment. The name was picked so that the HP logo "hp" could be turned upside down to be the logo "dy" of the new company. Eventually Dynec changed to Dymec, then was folded back into HP.HP experimented with using Digital Equipment Corporation minicomputers with its instruments. But after deciding that it would be easier to buy another small design team than deal with DEC, HP entered the computer market in 1966 with the HP 2100 / HP 1000 series of minicomputers. A simple accumulator-based design, with registers arranged somewhat similarly to the Intel x86 architecture still used today, it was produced for 20 years, in spite of several attempts to replace it. It was a forerunner of the HP 9800 and HP 250 series of desktop and business computers.

The 1970s

The HP 3000 was an advanced stack-based design for a business computing server, later redesigned with RISC technology, that has only recently been retired from the market. The HP 2640 series of smart and intelligent terminals introduced forms-based interfaces to ASCII terminals, and also introduced screen labeled function keys, now commonly used on gas pumps and bank ATMs. Although scoffed at in the formative days of computing, HP would eventually surpass even IBM as the world's largest technology vendor in sales.

HP is acknowledged by "Wired" magazine as the producer of the world's first personal computer, in 1968, the Hewlett-Packard 9100A. [ [http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.12/mustread.html?pg=11 Wired 8.12: Must Read ] ] HP called it a desktop calculator because, as Bill Hewlett said, "If we had called it a computer, it would have been rejected by our customers' computer gurus because it didn't look like an IBM. We therefore decided to call it a calculator, and all such nonsense disappeared." An engineering triumph at the time, the logic circuit was produced without any integrated circuits; the assembly of the CPU having been entirely executed in discretemjn With CRT display, magnetic-card storage, and printer, the price was around $5000.

Steve Wozniak, co-founder of Apple, originally designed the Apple I computer while working at HP and offered it to them under their right of first refusal to his work, but they did not take it up as the company wanted to stay in scientific, business, and industrial markets.

The company earned global respect for a variety of products. They introduced the world's first "handheld scientific electronic calculator" in 1972 (the HP-35), the first "handheld programmable" in 1974 (the HP-65), the first "alphanumeric, programmable, expandable" in 1979 (the HP-41C), and the first symbolic and graphing calculator HP-28C. Like their scientific and business calculators, their oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, and other measurement instruments have a reputation for sturdiness and usability (the latter products are now part of spin-off Agilent's product line). The company's design philosophy in this period was summarized as "design for the guy at the next bench".

The 98x5 series of technical desktop computers started in 1975 with the 9815, and the cheaper 80 series, again of technical computers, started in 1979 with the 85 [http://www.hpmuseum.net/exhibit.php?class=1&cat=9] . These machines used a version of the BASIC programming language which was available immediately after they were switched on, and used a proprietary magnetic tape for storage. HP computers were similar in capabilities to the much later IBM Personal Computer, although the limitations of available technology forced prices to be high.

The 1980s

In 1984, HP introduced both inkjet and laser printers for the desktop. Along with its scanner product line, these have later been developed into successful multifunction products, the most significant being single-unit printer/scanner/copier/fax machines. The print mechanisms in HP's tremendously popular LaserJet line of laser printers depend almost entirely on Canon's components (print engines), which in turn use technology developed by Xerox. HP develops the hardware, firmware, and software that convert data into dots for the mechanism to print.

In 1987, the Palo Alto garage where Hewlett and Packard started their business was designated as a California State historical landmark.

The 1990s

In the 1990s, HP expanded their computer product line, which initially had been targeted at university, research, and business customers, to reach consumers.

HP also grew through acquisitions, buying Apollo Computer in 1989 and Convex Computer in 1995.

Later in the decade HP opened hpshopping.com as an independent subsidiary to sell online, direct to consumers; in 2005 the store was renamed [http://www.shopping.hp.com/webapp/shopping/home.do "HP Home & Home Office Store."]

In 1999, all of the businesses not related to computers, storage, and imaging were spun off from HP to form Agilent. Agilent's spin-off was the largest initial public offering in the history of Silicon Valley. The spin-off created an $8 billion company with about 30,000 employees, manufacturing scientific instruments, semiconductors, optical networking devices, and electronic test equipment for telecom and wireless R&D and production.

In July 1999, HP appointed Carly Fiorina as CEO. Fiorina was the first woman ever to serve as CEO of a company included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Fiorina resigned on February 9, 2005.

2000 and beyond

Compaq Merger. HP merged with Compaq in 2002. Compaq itself had bought Tandem Computers in 1997 (which had been started by ex-HP employees), and Digital Equipment Corporation in 1998. Following this strategy HP became a major player in desktops, laptops, and servers for many different markets. After the merger with Compaq, the new ticker symbol became "HPQ", a combination of the two previous symbols, "HWP" and "CPQ", to show the significance of the alliance. In 2006 HP outsourced its Enterprise support to countries with lower cost workers: the Spanish support (for Spain) moved to Slovakia, the German support moved to Bulgaria, English support moved to Costa Rica, etc.

EDS purchase. On May 13, 2008, HP and Electronic Data Systems announced [ [http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/2008/080513a.html?jumpid=reg_R1002_USEN press release ] that they have signed a definitive agreement under which HP will purchase EDS. On June 30, HP announced [ [http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/2008/080630a.html?jumpid=reg_R1002_USEN HP Press Release: HP Announces Expiration of Waiting Period Under HSR Act ] ] that the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 had expired. "The transaction still requires EDS stockholder approval and regulatory clearance from the European Commission and other non-U.S. jurisdictions and is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the other closing conditions specified in the merger agreement." The agreement was finalized on August 16, 2008 and it was publicly announced that EDS would be re-branded "EDS an HP company.”

Technology and products

HP has successful lines of printers, scanners, digital cameras, calculators, PDAs, servers, workstation computers, and computers for home and small business use computers; many of the computers came from the 2002 merger with Compaq. HP today promotes itself as supplying not just hardware and software, but also a full range of services to design, implement and support IT infrastructure.

The three business segments: Enterprise Storage and Servers (ESS), HP Services (HPS), and HP Software are structured beneath the broader Technology Solutions Group (TSG).

Imaging and Printing Group (IPG)

According to HP's 2005 U.S. SEC 10-K filing,http://www.shareholder.com/Common/Edgar/47217/1047469-05-28479/05-00.pdf] HP's Imaging and Printing Group is "the leading imaging and printing systems provider in the world for printer hardware, printing supplies and scanning devices, providing solutions across customer segments from individual consumers to small and medium businesses to large enterprises." This division is currently headed by Vyomesh Joshi.

Products and technology associated with the Imaging and Printing Group include:
* Inkjet and LaserJet printers, consumables and related products
* Officejet all-in-one multifunction printer/scanner/faxes
* Large Format Printers
* Indigo Digital Press
* HP Web Jetadmin printer management software
* HP Output Management suite of software, including HP Output Server
* LightScribe optical recording technology that laser-etches labels on disks
* HP Photosmart digital cameras and photo printers
* HP SPaM Hosted within IPG, SPaM is an internal consulting group that supports all HP businesses on mission-critical strategic and operation decisions.

Personal Systems Group (PSG)

HP's Personal Systems Group claims to be "one of the leading vendors of personal computers ("PCs") in the world based on unit volume shipped and annual revenue."

Personal Systems Group products/technology include:
* Business PCs and accessories
* Consumer PCs and accessories including the HP Pavilion, Compaq Presario and VoodooPC series
* Workstations for Unix, Windows and Linux systems
* Handheld Computing including iPAQ Pocket PC handheld computing devices (from Compaq)
* Digital "Connected" Entertainment including HP MediaSmart TVs, HP MediaSmart Servers, HP MediaVaults, and DVD+RW drives. HP resold the Apple iPod until November 2005.
* Home Storage Servers

Technology Solutions Group (TSG)

TSG incorporates Managed services, HP software and Enterprise Storage and Servers Group (ESS)

Enterprise Storage and Servers Group (ESS)

"Back end" products including storage and servers:

* HP ProLiant: entry line of x86 based servers (from Compaq)
** ProLiant BL: x86-based blade servers (from Compaq)
* Integrity: server line using the Itanium processor architecture running several operating systems including HP-UX and OpenVMS.
** Integrity BL: Itanium-based blade servers
** HP Integrity Superdome: line of high-end servers
* HP 9000: line of servers and workstations based on PA-RISC processors and running HP-UX
** HP 9000 Superdome: line of high-end servers
* AlphaServer: product line using the Alpha processor (from DEC) and running either:
** Tru64 operating system (from DEC)
** OpenVMS operating system (from DEC)
* NonStop: high-reliability MIPS-based architecture and operating system (from Tandem Computers)
* StorageWorks: product line (from Compaq), which includes business class and enterprise class data storage and protection products. [ [http://welcome.hp.com/country/us/en/prodserv/storage.html Data Storage Products, Solutions, and Services from HP] ]
** StorageWorks HP XP high-end storage arrays (from Hitachi)
** StorageWorks EVA mid-range storage arrays (from Compaq)

HP Software

* the OpenView family of management softwareWith the major acquisitions of Peregrine and Mercury Interactive completed, HP has dropped the names OpenView, Peregrine and Mercury from its portfolio. The [https://h10078.www1.hp.com/cda/hpms/display/main/hpms_home.jsp?zn=bto&cp=1_4011_100__ Business Technology Optimization (BTO)] part of the software organization is now being referred to as HP Software & Solutions. The OpenCall branding still remains. » [http://www.hp.com/go/dataprotector HP Data Protector software] » [http://h18006.www1.hp.com/products/software/im/governance_ediscovery/iap/index.html HP Integrated Archive Platform] » [http://h18006.www1.hp.com/products/software/im/governance_ediscovery/databasearchiving/index.html HP Database Archiving] » [http://h18006.www1.hp.com/products/software/im/governance_ediscovery/exchangearchiving/index.html HP Email Archiving for Microsoft Exchange] » [http://h18006.www1.hp.com/products/software/im/governance_ediscovery/dominoarchiving/index.html HP Email Archiving for IBM Lotus Domino] » [http://h18006.www1.hp.com/products/software/im/governance_ediscovery/filearchiving/index.html HP File Archiving] » [http://www.hp.com/go/mas HP Medical Image Archiving] » [http://h18006.www1.hp.com/products/software/im/governance_ediscovery/trim/index.html HP TRIM software (previously TOWER Software)]
* HP-UX operating system developed since 1983

Office of Strategy and Technology

HP's Office of Strategy and Technology [ [http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/execteam/bios/robison.html HP Executive Team Bios: Shane Robison ] ] , under Executive Vice President Shane Robison:
* Steers the company's $3.6 billion research and development investment — including HP Labs.
* Fosters the development of the company's global technical community.
* Leads the company's strategy and corporate development efforts — including mergers, acquisitions, divestitures, intellectual property licensing, venture capital partnerships, and the ProCurve Networking Business Unit. [ [http://www.hp.com/rnd/itmgrnews/hp_examines.htm ProCurve Networking by HP - Features ] ]
* Performs worldwide corporate marketing activities — including external and internal communications, brand marketing, customer intelligence, and corporate affairs.

HP Labs

"HP Labs" (or HP Laboratories) is the research arm of HP. Founded in 1966, HP Labs' function is to deliver new technologies and to create business opportunities that go beyond HP's current strategies. An example of recent HP Lab technology includes the Memory spot chip.

HP IdeaLab

"HP IdeaLab" [http://www.hp.com/idealab www.hp.com/idealab] provides a web forum on early-state innovations to encourage open feedback from consumers and the development community. [ [http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press_kits/2008/newhplabs/fs-newinitiatives.pdf Title of backgrounder ] ]

ProCurve Networking Business Unit

HPs networking business unit, "ProCurve", are responsible for the family of network switches, wireless access points, and routers. [ [http://www.procurve.com HP ProCurve Networking - Network of Choice ] ]

Environmental Record

In 1998, PA EPA sought a $2.5mil penalty against Hewlett Packard for violations against the Substance Control Act. [cite web|url=http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/a883dc3da7094f97852572a00065d7d8/84e86a5464ab33218525669100651b29!OpenDocument|title=PA EPA SEEKS $2.5 MILLION PENALTY AGAINST HEWLETT PACKARD FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCE CONTROL ACT VIOLATIONS|accessdate=2008-05-01] The PA EPA alleged that the company had not filed a Pre-Manufacturing Notice (PMN) before it began manufacturing and exporting chemicals. Without filing these PMNs, the EPA cannot conduct risk analysis of new chemicals.

In 2002, Scorecard.org ranked Hewlett Packard facilities in the top 10-20 percentile for total environmental releases and top 30-40 percentile for air releases of recognized developmental toxicants.cite web|url=http://www.scorecard.org/env-releases/facility.tcl?tri_id=00603HWLTTSTATE|title=Environmental Release Report: HEWLETT-PACKARD CO. ISB & PRMO|accessfate=2008-05-01] It also showed that HPs factory in Puerto Rico released 246lbs of air released TRI pollutants, and had a total of 483,136lbs of production related wastes.

In July 2007, the company announced that it had met its target, set in 2004, to recycle 1 billion pounds of electronics and toner and ink cartridges. [cite web|url=http://www.mysolutioninfo.com/news-display.aspx?Code=1951&t=HP%20Meets%20Billion%20Pound%20Recycling%20Goal%20Six%20Months%20Early,%20Sets%20Target%20for%202%20Billion%20Pounds%20by%202010|title=HP Meets Billion Pound Recycling Goal Six Months Early, Sets Target for 2 Billion Pounds by 2010|accessdate=2007-07-16|work=My Solution Info] It has set a new goal of recycling a further 2 billion pounds of hardware by the end of 2010. In 2006, the company recovered 187 million pounds of electronics, 73 percent more than its closest competitor.

HP Certified Professionals

Hewlett-Packard's Certified Professional (HP-CP) program is organised by job roles. Within each role, there are certification levels. It was developed to confirm the technical skills, sales competencies and knowledge that is required to propose and deploy, service and support technology and solutions sold by HP. HP-CP is intended for customers, resellers, and HP employees....

Partnerships

HP contributes to free software projects such as the Linux operating system. Some HP employees, such as Linux CTO and former Debian Project Leader Bdale Garbee, actively contribute and have Open Source job responsibilities. Many others participate in the Open Source community as volunteers. HP is also known in the (GNU/) Linux community for releasing drivers for most of their printers under the GNU GPL. [ [http://www.openprinting.org/printer_list.cgi?make=HP OpenPrinting database - All HP Printers ] ]

Hewlett-Packard also continues Compaq's extensive relationship with Microsoft and uses technology from most major software and hardware vendors.

Until November 2005, HP offered a re-branded version of the Apple iPod.

HP partners with many application software companies, for example SAP AG.

ponsorships

HP has many sponsorships. One well known sponsorship is of Walt Disney World's Epcot Park's . Others can be found on Hewlett-Packard's website [http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/abouthp/sponsorships/] .From 1995 to 1999 they were the shirt sponsor of English Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur.They also sponsored the BMW Williams Formula 1 team. Hewlett-Packard also has the naming rights arrangement for the HP Pavilion at San Jose, home of the San Jose Sharks NHL hockey team.

Product legacy

Agilent Technologies, not HP, retains the direct product legacy of the original company founded in 1939. Agilent's current portfolio of electronic instruments are descended from HP's very earliest products. HP entered the computer business only after its instrumentation competencies were well-established.

After the acquisition of Compaq in 2002, HP has maintained the "Compaq Presario" brand on low-end home desktops and laptops, the "HP Compaq" brand on business desktops and laptops, and the "HP ProLiant" brand on Intel-architecture servers. (The "HP Pavilion" brand is used on home entertainment laptops and all home desktops.) [ [http://www.hp.com/ HP United States - Computers, Laptops, Servers, Printers & more ] ]

HP uses DEC's "StorageWorks" brand on storage systems; Tandem's "NonStop" servers are now branded as "HP Integrity NonStop". [ [http://www.hp.com/country/us/en/solutions/leb.html Large Enterprise Business IT products, services, and solutions - HP ] ]

Culture

The founders, known to friends and employees alike as Bill and Dave, developed a unique management style that has come to be known as the "HP Way". In Bill's words, the HP Way is "a core ideology ... [which] includes a deep respect for the individual, a dedication to affordable quality and reliability, a commitment to community responsibility, and a view that the company exists to make technical contributions for the advancement and welfare of humanity." [ [http://www.hpalumni.org/hp_way.htm Hewlett-Packard Alumni "HP Way" page] ]

Controversy

HP pretexting scandal

On September 5, 2006 "Newsweek" published a story [ [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14687677/site/newsweek/ Phone-Records Scandal at HP - Newsweek Business - MSNBC.com ] ] revealing that the chairwoman of HP, Patricia Dunn, had hired a team of independent electronic-security experts that later spied on HP board members and several journalists, to determine the source of a leak of confidential details regarding HP's long-term strategy in January, 2006. The independent, third party company used a technique known as pretexting to obtain call records of HP board members and nine journalists, including reporters for CNET, the "New York Times" and the "Wall Street Journal". Dunn has claimed she did not know the methods the investigators used to determine the source of the leak. [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/09/09/HP.TMP HP chairwoman defends probe of board's leaks ] ] Board member George Keyworth was ultimately outed as the source.

On September 12, 2006 Keyworth resigned from the board and HP announced that Mark Hurd, the current CEO and president, would replace Dunn as Chairman after the HP board meeting on January 18, 2007.

On September 22, 2006 Hurd announced at a special press briefing that Ms. Dunn had resigned effective immediately from both the Chairmanship role and as a director of the Board;

On September 28, 2006, Ann Baskins, HP's general counsel (head attorney) resigned [cite news |url=http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D8KDROM81.htm |title=HP general counsel Ann Baskins resigns |publisher=BusinessWeek |date=2006-09-28 |accessdate=2006-09-28 ] hours before she was to appear as a witness at which she would later invoke the Fifth Amendment to "not be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime."cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2006/09/28/technology/hp_hearing/?postversion=2006092818 |title=HP: Grueling day for Hurd & Dunn |publisher=CNN |date=2006-09-28 |accessdate=2006-09-28 ]

Investigation by the government

On October 4, 2006, California Attorney General Bill Lockyer filed criminal charges and arrest warrants against Kevin Hunsaker, Dunn and three outside investigators. [cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2006/10/04/news/companies/hp_california/index.htm?cnn=yes |title=Now, HP is a criminal case |publisher=CNN |date=2006-10-04 |accessdate=2006-10-04 ] On September 11, 2006, the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce wrote to Patricia Dunn stating that they have been conducting an investigation on Internet-based data brokers who allegedly use "lies, fraud and deception" to acquire personal information, and allow anyone who paid a "modest fee" to acquire "itemized incoming and outgoing call logs", and when had learned about HP's use of pretexting through their September 6 SEC filing and through their own inquiry of HP's Nominating and Governance Committee, stating they are "troubled" by the information, "particularly that it involves HP—one of America's corporate icons."

The committee requested, under Rules X and XI of the United States House of Representatives, information from HP by September 18, 2006:

At the September 28, 2006 hearing, Dunn and Hurd [ [http://energycommerce.house.gov/108/News/09282006_Testimony_Hurd.pdf Hurd's prepared testimony] .] both testified extensively about the investigation. Dunn testified that until June or July 2006, she did not realize that "pretexting" could involve identity misrepresentation. Dunn repeatedly insisted that she had believed that personal phone records could be obtained through legal methods.

Other witnesses refused to answer questions due to the ongoing criminal investigations.

=Perceived impact on the company's operations= Despite the intense media coverage, investors continue to show faith in the company. As of October 23, the price of the company's stock had increased from $36.50 to $39.87 per share. [ [http://finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=HPQ&a=08&b=5&c=2006&d=09&e=10&f=2006&g=d HPQ: Historical Prices for HEWLETT PACKARD CO - Yahoo! Finance] ]

On October 8, 2006 Reuters ran a story describing pretexting used by Hewlett-Packard and other companies. [http://biz.yahoo.com/rb/061008/investigations.html?.v=2]

On October 12, 2006 HP announced the appointment of Jon Hoak as vice president and chief ethics and compliance officer. Hoak served as senior vice president and general counsel for NCR from 1993 until May 2006. [ [http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/2006/061012a.html HP Press Release: HP Appoints Chief Ethics and Compliance Officer ] ]

On December 7, 2006 HP paid $14.5 Million to settle civil charges brought by the California Attorney General. [ [http://news.com.com/HP+settles+with+California+in+spy+scandal/2100-1014_3-6141814.html?tag=nefd.lede HP settles with California in spy scandal] ]

In December 2006, two members of Congress requested that HP provide more information regarding CEO Mark Hurd's sale of $1.4 million of stock options on August 25, the same day he was questioned by attorneys investigating the pretexting scandal. [ [http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/feds-charge-investigator-h-p-pretexting/story.aspx?guid=%7B09B86183-1C6F-4197-8EF1-ACED2CB92A67%7D Feds charge investigator in H-P boardroom case] ] Mark Hurd explained that the August trade was part of his normal investment strategy to diversify assets and was made during a regularly scheduled trading window for senior officers and directors.Fact|date=April 2007 Additionally, Hurd assured the Subcommittee that the August trade had nothing to do with his interview by attorneys investigating the leak investigation and that he had initiated the trade before any such request had been made to him.Fact|date=April 2007

Traceable e-mail

Fred Adler of HP revealed before a U.S. Congressional Inquiry that HP used an e-mail tracking service to trace a leak in an e-mail sent to CNET reporter Dawn Kawamoto. [ [http://news.com.com/How+HP+bugged+e-mail/2100-1029_3-6121048.html How HP bugged e-mail | CNET News.com ] ] The e-mail contained a Web bug. Adler stated that HP considers Web bugs to be a legitimate investigative tool, and has used them a number of times. [ [http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,127444-c,onlineprivacy/article.html PC World - Business Center: Web Bugs Trained to Track Your E-Mail ] ] The California attorney general's office has said that this practice was not part of the Pretexting charges. [ [http://www.cio.com/blog_view.html?CID=25624 News - CIO.com - Business Technology Leadership ] ]

Management

* Chairman of the Board, CEO, and President: Mark Hurd (March 29, 2005 - current, appointed Chairman September 22, 2006)

History

* Co-founder: David Packard (President: 1947; Chairman: 1964–1969; Chairman 1971—1993)
* Co-founder: William Hewlett (Vice President: 1947; Executive Vice President: 1957; President: 1964; CEO: 1969; Chairman of the Executive Committee 1978; Vice Chairman 1983—1987)
* CEO: John A. Young (1978—October 31, 1992)
* CEO: Lewis Platt (November 1, 1992—July 18, 1999; Chairman 1993—July 18, 1999)
* Chairman: Richard Hackborn (January, 2000—September 22, 2000; Lead Independent Director September 22, 2006—)
* CEO: Carly Fiorina (July 19, 1999—February 9, 2005; Chairwoman September 22, 2000—February 9, 2005)
* Interim CEO: Robert Wayman (February 9, 2005—March 28, 2005)
* Chairwoman: Patricia C. Dunn (February 9, 2005—September 22, 2006).
* CEO: Mark Hurd (CEO: April 1, 2005—; Chairman: September 22, 2006—)

Diversity

Hewlett-Packard received a 100% rating on the Corporate Equality Index released by the Human Rights Campaign starting in 2003, the second year of the report. In addition, the company was named one of the 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers in 2004 by "Working Mothers" magazine.

Hewlett-Packard is also involved in the NEPAD e-school program to provide all schools in Africa with computers and internet access.

Hewlett-Packard sponsors employee resource groups globally for black, LGBT, Latino, young, handicapped and other minorities.

Acquisitions

Hewlett-Packard has undergone a number of acquisitions and mergers over the decades. For a list of notable acquisitions of companies and product lines see List of HP acquisitions.

ee also

*List of Hewlett-Packard products
*Packard Bell - A similarly named radio and TV manufacturer, with no connection to either HP or the Bell System. The name was resurrected in 1986 as a manufacturer of personal computers and was eventually purchased by NEC, which withdrew the brand from the U.S. market. Packard Bell became a major retail-channel PC vendor in Europe. In October 2006, the company was sold to John Hui, the former owner of eMachines. In January 2008, Hui sold the company to Acer/Gateway; Gateway had acquired eMachines in 2004.
*Packard Instrument - A similarly named nuclear instrumentation company with no connection to HP. Now owned by PerkinElmer.
*DeskJet printers
*LightScribe
*List of computer system manufacturers
*Memristor

References

External links

* [http://www.hp.com HP corporate homepage]
* [http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/blogs/index.html HP bloggers]
* [http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/abouthp/histnfacts/ HP History and Facts]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20050331034315/http://h18000.www1.hp.com/corporate/history.html Compaq company history (via archive.org)]
* [http://h41186.www4.hp.com/country/us/en/lfs/ HP Printing and The Science Museum of Minnesota]
* [http://www.hpmuseum.org/ The Museum of HP Calculators]
* [http://www.hpalumni.org/hp_history.htm HP History Links]
* [http://www.kennethkuhn.com/hpmuseum.htm Classic HP test equipment collector] Finance links
name = Hewlett-Packard Company
symbol = HPQ
sec_cik = 47217
hoovers = 10723