Spirurida

Spirurida
Dirofilaria immitis larva Magnification 400X
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Subkingdom:	Eumetazoa
(unranked):	Bilateria
Phylum:	Nematoda
Class:	Secernentea
Subclass:	Spiruria
Order:	Spirurida
Superfamilies
10, but see text

Spirurida is an order of spirurian nematodes. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system.

Some Spirurida, like the genus Gongylonema, can cause disease in humans. One such disease is a skin infection with Spirurida larvae, called "creeping disease".

Systematics

The Camallanida are sometimes included herein as a suborder, and the Drilonematida are sometimes placed here as a superfamily. There are doubts about the internal systematics of the Spirurida, and some groups placed herein might belong to other spirurian or even secernentean lineages.^[1]

The following superfamilies are at least provisionally placed in the Spirurida:

• Acuarioidea
• Aproctoidea
• Diplotriaenoidea
• Filarioidea
• Gnathostomatoidea
• Habronematoidea
• Physalopteroidea
• Rictularioidea
• Spiruroidea
• Thelazioidea

Footnotes

1. ^ ToL (2002)

References

• Tree of Life Web Project (ToL) (2002): Nematoda. Version of 2002-JAN-01. Retrieved 2008-NOV-02.

Cestoda
(Tapeworm infection)

Cyclophyllidea	Echinococcus granulosus/Echinococcus multilocularis (Echinococcosis) · Taenia saginata (beef)/Taenia asiatica/Taenia solium (pork) (Taeniasis/Cysticercosis) · Hymenolepis nana/Hymenolepis diminuta (Hymenolepiasis)
Pseudophyllidea	Diphyllobothrium latum (Diphyllobothriasis) · Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Sparganosis) · Diphyllobothrium mansonoides (Sparganosis)

Roundworm/
nematode
(Nematode
infection)

Secernentea	Spirurida Camallanina Dracunculus medinensis (Dracunculiasis) Spirurina Filarioidea (Filariasis) Onchocerca volvulus (Onchocerciasis) · Loa loa (Loa loa filariasis) · Mansonella (Mansonelliasis) · Dirofilaria repens (Dirofilariasis) Wuchereria bancrofti · Brugia malayi · Brugia timori Thelazioidea Gnathostoma spinigerum/Gnathostoma hispidum (Gnathostomiasis) · Thelazia (Thelaziasis) Spiruroidea Gongylonema Strongylida (hookworm) Ancylostoma duodenale/Ancylostoma braziliense (Ancylostomiasis, Cutaneous larva migrans) · Necator americanus (Necatoriasis) · Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Angiostrongyliasis) · Metastrongylus (Metastrongylosis) Ascaridida Ascaris lumbricoides (Ascariasis) · Anisakis (Anisakiasis) · Toxocara canis/Toxocara cati (Visceral larva migrans/Toxocariasis) · Baylisascaris · Dioctophyme renale (Dioctophymosis) Rhabditida Strongyloides stercoralis (Strongyloidiasis) Oxyurida Enterobius vermicularis (Enterobiasis · Pinworm)
Adenophorea	Trichinella spiralis (Trichinosis) · Trichuris trichiura (Trichuriasis · Whipworm) · Capillaria philippinensis (Intestinal capillariasis) · Capillaria hepatica

M: IFT helm,arth (acar) helm, arth (lice), zoon helm, arth