Newton N. Minow

Newton N. Minow
Born	January 17, 1926 (1926-01-17) (age 85) Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Residence	Chicago, Illinois, USA
Occupation	Honorary Consul General, Republic of Singapore, attorney
Employer	Sidley Austin LLP
Spouse	Josephine Baskin
Children	Nell, Martha, Mary

Newton Norman Minow (born January 17, 1926) is an American attorney and former Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission. His speech referring to television as a "vast wasteland" is cited even as the speech has passed its 50th anniversary. While still maintaining a law practice, Minow is currently the Honorary Consul General of Singapore in Chicago.^[1]

Minow has been active in Democratic party politics. He is an influential attorney in private practice concerning telecommunications law and is active in many non-profit, civic, and educational institutions.

Background and early law career

Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1926, Minow served in World War II from 1944 to 1946 and attained the rank of a sergeant in the U.S. Army. He served in the China Burma India Theater with the 835th Signal Service Battalion headquartered in New Delhi, India.^[2] After the war, he received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1949 from Northwestern University and a Juris Doctor degree in 1950 from Northwestern University School of Law. It was possible in the period after the war for law students, who had not completed college, to be granted a bachelors degree after a certain period of study in law school.

After graduating from law school, Minow worked for the law firm of Mayer, Brown & Platt (1950–1951 and 1953–1955) before becoming a law clerk to Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson of the U.S. Supreme Court (1951–1952). He later became assistant counsel to Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson (1952–1953), worked for Stevenson's two presidential campaigns (1952 and 1956), and then was a partner in the law firm, Stevenson, Rifkind & Wirtz (1955–1961). Minow campaigned for President John F. Kennedy prior to the 1960 presidential election.^[3] In 1961 he was appointed by President Kennedy to be one of seven commissioners of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as well as its Chair.^[4][5]

Federal Communications Commission Chair

Reportedly, Robert F. Kennedy, brother of John F. Kennedy, and Minow frequently talked at length about the increasing importance of television in the lives of their children during the Kennedy presidential campaign. Thereafter, it came as little surprise that after the election Minow eagerly pursued the position of FCC Chair. Some observers nevertheless considered it unusual given his lack of experience with the media industry and with communication law.^[4]

Criticism and evaluation

Main article: Wasteland Speech

Minow became one of the most well known and respected — if sometimes controversial — political figures of the early 1960s because of his criticism of commercial television. In a speech given to the National Association of Broadcasters convention on May 9, 1961, he was extremely critical of television broadcasters for not doing more, in Minow's view, to serve the public interest. His phrase, "vast wasteland", is remembered years after the speech after he said,

“

When television is good, nothing — not the theater, not the magazines or newspapers — nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite each of you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there for a day without a book, without a magazine, without a newspaper, without a profit and loss sheet or a rating book to distract you. Keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that what you will observe is a vast wasteland.[6]

”

While some applauded his "vast wasteland" assault on commercial television as a welcome criticism of excessive violence and frivolity, others criticized it as an elitist, snobbish attack on programming that many viewers enjoyed and as government interference with private enterprise.^[7] The S. S. Minnow of the 1964–1967 television show "Gilligan's Island" was sarcastically named for him to express displeasure with his assessment of the quality of television.^[8]

Achievements at the Federal Communications Commission

Minow did foster two significant initiatives that altered the landscape of American television. The first was the All-Channel Receiver Act (ACRA) of 1961, which mandated UHF reception capability for all television receivers sold in the United States. This legislation sparked an increase in the number of television stations and helped launch non-profit educational television stations (now PBS) throughout the country.

Minow said his greatest contribution was persuading Congress to pass legislation clearing the way for communications satellites. Minow recounts "When I toured the space program with [John F.] Kennedy, he was surprised to see me". Minow told Kennedy that "communications satellites will be much more important than sending man into space, because they will send ideas into space. Ideas last longer than men."^[3]

During his two years in office, it was estimated that, other than the president, Minow generated more column inches of news coverage than any other federal official. He also promoted what ultimately became the International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium (Intelsat). This organization controlled satellite communications for many years.

Newton Minow's papers from his tenure at the FCC are archived at the Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research, an organization co-sponsored by the University of Wisconsin, Madison and the Wisconsin Historical Society.^[9][10]

Quote from a speech to the Association of American Law Schools:

"After 35 years, I have finished a comprehensive study of European comparative law. In Germany, under the law, everything is prohibited, except that which is permitted. In France, under the law, everything is permitted, except that which is prohibited. In the Soviet Union, under the law, everything is prohibited, including that which is permitted. And in Italy, under the law, everything is permitted, especially that which is prohibited."^[11]

Subsequent communications work

He has been on the Board of Governors of the Public Broadcasting Service and its predecessor, National Educational Television serving from 1973–1980 and serving as its Chairman from 1978 to 1980. He is a recent past-president of the Carnegie Corporation, an influential PBS sponsor, and the original funder of Sesame Street.

He is the Walter Annenberg professor emeritus at Northwestern University, as well as the author of four books and numerous professional journal and magazine articles. Minow has supported and written about the Digital Promise Project, a project to fulfill the educational potential of the internet.^[12][13]

Sidley Austin LLP

He is Senior Counsel in the Chicago headquartered law firm of Sidley Austin LLP (formerly Sidley and Austin prior to a merger with Brown & Wood), a large international law firm with multiple areas of expertise, including telecommunications related law. Between 1965 and 1991, he was a managing partner in the law firm before becoming Senior Counsel in 1991.^[14]

Honorary Consul General of the Republic of Singapore

Minow's early contact to Singapore and Singaporean officials was through his law work at Sidley Austin, which opened a Singapore office in 1982. Even when he was FCC Chair, he worried about the increasing export of Hollywood programming overseas and the impact it would have on perceptions of the United States among citizens in other countries.

He was appointed Honorary Consul General in 2001.^[2] His office processes consular and visa applications while some Singaporean honorary consuls refer such matters to another embassy or consular office.^[15]

Contemporary politics

Mr. Minow was a prominent supporter of Barack Obama's candidacy for President of the United States. Minow recruited Obama in 1988 to work for his law firm Sidley Austin LLP as a summer associate, where Obama met his future wife Michelle Robinson.^[16][17]

Awards and corporate work

Minow has sat on the Board of Directors at Foote, Cone & Belding Communications Inc.; Tribune Co.; Manpower, Inc.;^[18] AON Corp.; CBS, and Sara Lee Corporation. He has been Chairman of the Board at RAND corporation. He was trustee of the Chicago Orchestral Association as well as with the Mayo Foundation, which operates Mayo Clinic.^[4][19] He is a life trustee of Northwestern University and the University of Notre Dame, where he was the first Jewish member of the board, and he is currently Chairman of the Board of the World Health Imaging, Telemedicine and Informatics Alliance.^[20] He co-chaired the 1976 and 1980 presidential debates and is a vice-chairman of the Commission on Presidential Debates. He has served on numerous presidential commissions and was chairman of a special advisory committee to the Secretary of Defense on protecting civil liberties in the fight against terrorism. His book on the history of the Presidential debates was released in March 2008 by the University of Chicago Press.

Minow is the recipient of 12 honorary degrees. He was a recipient of the Peabody Award in 1961^[4] and the Woodrow Wilson Award for public service.^[2]

Personal life

His wife, Josephine Baskin Minow, serves on the boards of many community organizations, including the Chicago History Museum. They have three daughters, all trained as lawyers; Nell Minow, shareholder activist and movie critic; Martha L. Minow, the 12th and current dean of Harvard Law School; and Mary, a library law expert appointed to the Obama Administration.[1]

Books

• Abandoned in the Wasteland: Children, Television, and the First Amendment ISBN 0-8090-1589-7
• Presidential Television ISBN 0-465-06274-1
• For Great Debates: A New Plan for Future Presidential TV Debates ISBN 0-87078-212-6
• A Digital Gift for the Nation (with Larry Grossman) ISBN 0-87078-466-8
• Equal Time: The Private Broadcaster and the Public Interest AISN B0007DZB86
• Inside the Presidential Debates: Their Improbable Past and Promising Future (co-authored by Craig L. LaMay) ISBN 0-226-53041-8

References

1. ^ "Singapore Missions Worldwide". Republic of Singapore. 2006-03-01. http://notesapp.internet.gov.sg/mfa/dipCon/dipcon.nsf/SMDetailsAgent?OpenAgent&id=28. Retrieved 2007-05-26. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} "Newton Minow: Honorary Consul General in Chicago" (PDF). Singapore Embassy. February/March 2006. http://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/Feb06_Mar06.pdf. Retrieved 2007-05-27. 
3. ^ ^{a b} Eric Martin (2004-10-29). "Debate Expert and Medill Board Member Newton Minow Shares Election Observations". Northwestern University. http://www.medill.northwestern.edu/medill/inside/news/debate_expert_and_medill_board_member_newton_minow_shares_election_observations.html. Retrieved 2007-05-27. 
4. ^ ^{a b c d} Michael Curtin. "Minow, Newton". Museum of Broadcast Communications. http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/M/htmlM/minownewton/minownewton.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-26. 
5. ^ "About the FCC". Federal Communications Commission. 2007-04-12. http://www.fcc.gov/aboutus.html. Retrieved 2007-05-26. 
6. ^ Newton N. Minow, "Television and the Public Interest", address to the National Association of Broadcasters, Washington, D.C., May 9, 1961.
7. ^ In her essay "Man's Rights" (1963), Ayn Rand denounced him personally for having a perverted understanding of freedom of speech and censorship.
8. ^ "Legal Tales from Gilligan's Island". Santa Clara Law Review & Jamail Center for Legal Research. http://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/lpop/etext/jarvis.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-27. 
9. ^ "Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research". Wisconsin Historical Society. http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/wcftr/. Retrieved 2007-06-04. 
10. ^ "Department of Communication Arts". University of Wisconsin, Madison. Archived from the original on 2007-01-17. http://web.archive.org/web/20070117022302/http://www.commarts.wisc.edu/Grad/Film/General/facilities.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-04. 
11. ^ Ball and McCulloch, 1993 p 368
12. ^ "Digital Promise Project (US)". The Century Foundation. 2001-05-04. http://www.twf.org.au/whatsnew/Currents1.html. Retrieved 2007-05-26. 
13. ^ "H.R. 1320, the Commercial Spectrum Enhancement Act". House Committee on Energy and Commerce. 2003-03-25. Archived from the original on 2007-04-26. http://web.archive.org/web/20070426085037/http://energycommerce.house.gov/reparchives/108/Hearings/03252003hearing843/Grossman1388.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-26. 
14. ^ "Our Professionals: Newton N. Minow". Sidley Austin LLP. http://www.sidley.com/lawyers/bio.asp?ID=M419079006. Retrieved 2007-05-26. 
15. ^ "Consulates in the United States". Singapore Embassy. http://app.mfa.gov.sg/generator/asppages/washington/wstcon_consulates.asp. Retrieved 2007-05-27. 
16. ^ Purdum, Todd (March 2008). "Raising Obama: Politics and Power: vanityfair.com". Vanity Fair. http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2008/03/obama200803?currentPage=3. Retrieved 2008-06-13. 
17. ^ Martin, Carol (2008-05-21). "Those Close To Obama Say He's Ready". NBC5.com WMAQ-TV Chicago. http://www.nbc5.com/politics/16364399/detail.html. Retrieved 2008-06-13. 
18. ^ "Manpower Inc proxy". Securities and Exchange Commission. http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/871763/0000950124-00-001342.txt. Retrieved 2007-05-27. 
19. ^ "Mayo Foundation Board of Trustees". Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.org/about/trustees.html. Retrieved 2007-05-27. 
20. ^ "World Health Imaging, Telemedicine and Informatics Alliance Board of Directors". WHITIA. http://www.worldhealthimaging.org/board.html. Retrieved 2009-07-03. 

External links

• Complete text and audio of the "Vast Wasteland" speech from AmericanRhetoric.com
• Spoken word recordings of Newton Minow
• American Lawyer "Lifetime Achievement" Award
• An excerpt from Inside the Presidential Debates: Their Improbable Past and Promising Future

Additional resources

• Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research, Madison, Wisconsin [2]

Government offices
Preceded by Frederick W. Ford	Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission March 1961–June 1963	Succeeded by E. William Henry

Persondata
Name	Minow, Newton Norman
Alternative names	Newt Minow
Short description	United States attorney and former chairman of the Federal Communications Commission
Date of birth	1926-01-17
Place of birth	Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Date of death
Place of death