Tibetan pinyin

Tibetan pinyin

The SASM/GNC/SRC romanization of Tibetan, commonly known as Tibetan pinyin, is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in the People's Republic of China for personal name and place names. It is based on the Lhasa dialect of Standard Tibetan and reflects the pronunciation very accurately, except that it doesn't mark tone. It is used within China as an alternative to the Wylie transliteration for writing Tibetan in the Latin script; for use within academic circles, Wylie transliteration is more commonly used.

Contents

Initials

The tone of a syllable depends mostly on its initial consonant. In this table, each initial is given in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) with the vowel a and a tone mark to present tone register (high/low).

ཀ་ ཁ་ག་ ང་ ཅ་ ཆ་ཇ་ ཉ་ ཏ་ ཐ་ང་ ན་ པ་ ཕ་བ་ མ་ ཙ་ ཚ་ཛ་ ཝ་ ཞ་ཤ་ ཟ་ས་ ཡ་ ར་ ལ་ ཧ་ ཀྱ་ ཁྱ་གྱ་ ཀྲ་ ཁྲ་གྲ་ ཧྲ་ ལྷ་
g k ng j q ny d t n b p m z c w x s y r l h gy ky zh ch sh lh
IPA Wylie transliteration Tibetan pinyin
p, sp, dp, lp b
rb, sb, sbr b
mpà lb, ’b b
pʰá ph, ’ph p
pʰà b p
rm, sm, dm, smr m
m, mr m
w, db, b[1] w
t, rt, lt, st, tw, gt, bt, brt, blt, bst, bld d
ntá lth d
rd, sd, gd, bd, brd, bsd d
ntà zl, bzl, ld, md, ’d d
tʰá th, mth, ’th t
tʰà d, dw t
rn, sn, gn, brn, bsn, mn n
n n
kl, gl, bl, rl, sl, brl, bsl l
l, lw l
l̥á lh lh
tsá ts, rts, sts, rtsw, stsw, gts, bts, brts, bsts z
tsà rdz, gdz, brdz z
ntsà mdz, ’dz z
tsʰá tsh, tshw, mtsh, ’tsh c
tsʰà dz c
s, sr, sw, gs, bs, bsr s
z, zw, gz, bz s
ʈá kr, rkr, lkr, skr, tr, pr, lpr, spr, dkr, dpr, bkr, bskr, bsr zh
ʈà rgr, lgr, sgr, dgr, dbr, bsgr, rbr, lbr, sbr zh
ɳʈà mgr, ’gr, ’dr, ’br zh
ʈʰá khr, thr, phr, mkhr, ’khr, ’phr ch
ʈʰà gr, dr, br, grw ch
ʂá hr sh
r, rw r
ky, rky, lky, sky, dky, bky, brky, bsky gy
rgy, lgy, sgy, dgy, bgy, brgy, bsgy gy
ɲcà mgy, ’gy gy
cʰá khy, mkhy, ’khy ky
cʰà gy ky
tɕá c, cw, gc, bc, lc, py, lpy, spy, dpy j
tɕà rby, lby, sby, rj, gj, brj, dby j
ɲtɕà lj, mj, ’j, ’by j
tɕʰá ch, mch, ’ch, phy, ’phy q
tɕʰà j, by q
ɕá sh, shw, gsh, bsh x
ɕà zh, zhw, gzh, bzh x
ɲá rny, sny, gny, brny, bsny, mny, nyw, rmy, smy ny
ɲà ny, my ny
g.y y
y y
k, rk, lk, sk, kw, dk, bk, brk, bsk g
rg, lg, sg, dg, bg, brg, bsg g
ŋkà lg, mg, ’g g
kʰá kh, khw, mkh, ’kh k
kʰà g, gw k
ŋá rng, lng, sng, dng, brng, bsng, mng ng
ŋà ng ng
ʔá —, db
ʔà
h, hw h

Vowels and final consonants

ཨ་ ཨའུ་ ཨག་ཨགས་ ཨང་ཨངས་ ཨབ་ཨངས་ ཨམ་ཨམས་ ཨར་ ཨལ་ཨའི་ ཨད་ཨས་ ཨན་
a au ag ang ab am ar ai/ä ai/ä ain/än
ཨི་ཨིལ་ཨའི་ ཨིའུ་ཨེའུ་ ཨིག་ཨིགས་ ཨིད་ཨིས་ ཨིང་ཨིངས་ ཨིབ་ཨིབས་ ཨིམ་ཨིམས་ ཨིར་ ཨིན་
i iu ig i ing ib im ir in
ཨུ་ ཨུག་ཨུགས་ ཨུང་ཨུངས་ ཨུབ་ཨངས་ ཨུམ་ཨུམས་ ཨུར་ ཨུལ་ཨུའི་ ཨུད་ཨུས་ ཨུན་
u ug ung ub um ur ü ü ün
ཨེ་ཨེལ་ཨེའི་ ཨེག་ཨེགས་ ཨེད་ཨེས་ ཨེང་ཨེངས་ ཨེབ་ཨབས་ ཨེམ་ཨམས་ ཨེར་ ཨེན་
ê êg ê êng êb êm êr ên
ཨོ་ ཨོག་ཨོགས་ ཨོང་ཨོངས་ ཨོབ་ཨོབས་ ཨོམ་ཨོམས་ ཨོར་ ཨོལ་ཨོའི་ ཨོད་ཨོས་ ཨོན་
o og ong ob om or oi/ö oi/ö oin/ön

The seventeen vowels of the Lhasa dialect are represented in Tibetan pinyin as follows:

IPA Tibetan
pinyin
IPA Tibetan
pinyin
i i ĩ in
e ê en
ɛ ai/ä ɛ̃ ain/än
a a ã an
u u ũ un
o o õ on
ɔ o
y ü ün
ø oi/ö ø̃ oin/ön

Syllable-final -r is usually not spoken, but lengthens the preceding vowel. Syllable-final -n of the written forms usually nasalises the preceding vowel. This is how syllable-final consonants are transcribed:

IPA Tibetan
pinyin
p b
ʔ g/—
r r
m m
ŋ ng

Intersyllable influence

Sometimes there's intersyllable influence, e.g.:

Tibetan script Tibetan pinyin Wylie (EWTS) Lhasa IPA Expl
མ་ཕམ་གཡུ་མཚོ། Mapam Yumco w=ma-pham g.yu-mtsho/ [] 前加字提前 (How to tranlate Tibetan concept "前加字" in English?)
ཁྲ་འབྲུག་དགོན་པ། Changzhug Gönba w=khra-’brug dgon-pa/ [ʈ͡ʂʰaŋʈ͡ʂ˭uk k˭ø̃p˭a]

Examples

Tibetan Script Wylie Tibetan pinyin Tournadre other transcriptions
གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ Gzhis-ka-rtse Xigazê Zhikatse Shigatse, Shikatse
བཀྲ་ཤིས་ལྷུན་པོ་ Bkra-shis-lhun-po Zhaxilhünbo Trashilhünpo Tashilhunpo, Tashilhümpo, etc.
འབྲས་སྤུང་ ’Bras-spung Zhaibung Dräpung Drebung
ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ Chos-kyi Rgyal-mtshan Qoigyi Gyaicain Chökyi Gyältshän Choekyi Gyaltsen
ཐུབ་བསྟན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ Thub-bstan Rgya-mtsho Tubdain Gyaco Thuptän Gyatsho Thubten Gyatso, Thubtan Gyatso, Thupten Gyatso

See also

  • Standard Tibetan
  • Tibetan alphabet
  • Wylie transliteration
  • THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription
  • Hanyu pinyin

Notes

  1. ^ as in Namjagbarwa

References


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