Josephine Mutzenbacher

Josephine Mutzenbacher - The Life Story of a Viennese Whore, as Told by Herself (German: Josefine Mutzenbacher - Die Lebensgeschichte Einer Wienerischen Dirne, Von Ihr Selbst Erzählt) is an erotic novel first published anonymously in Vienna, Austria in 1906. The novel is famous^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]} in the German-speaking world, having been in print in both German and English for over 100 years and sold over 3 million copies,^[7][8] becoming an erotic bestseller.^{[9][10][11][12]}

Although no author claimed responsibility for the work, it was originally attributed to either Felix Salten or Arthur Schnitzler by the librarians at the University of Vienna.^[13] Today, critics, scholars, academics and the Austrian Government designate Salten, author of the book Bambi, A Life in the Woods (which Walt Disney purchased in 1942 and made into the world famous animated cartoon Bambi) as the sole author of the "pornographic classic", Josephine Mutzenbacher.^{[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]} The novel has been translated into English, French, Spanish, Italian, Hungarian, Dutch, Japanese and Swedish, and been the subject of numerous films, theater productions, parodies, and university courses, as well as two sequels.

Plot

The plot device employed in Josephine Mutzenbacher is that of first-person narrative, structured in the format of a memoir. The story is told from the point of view of an accomplished aging 50-year-old Viennese courtesan who is looking back upon the sexual escapades she enjoyed during her unbridled youth in Vienna. Contrary to the what the title indicates, the entirety of the book takes place when Josephine is between the ages of 5–12 years old, before she actually becomes a licensed prostitute in the brothels of Vienna. The book begins when she is five years old and ends when she is twelve years old and about to enter professional service in a brothel.

Although the book makes use of many "euphemisms" for human anatomy and sexual behavior that seem quaint today, its content is entirely pornographic. The actual progression of events amounts to little more than a graphic, unapologetic description of the reckless sexuality exhibited by the heroine, all before reaching her 13th year. The style bears more than a passing resemblance to the Marquis de Sade's The 120 Days of Sodom in its unabashed "laundry list" cataloging of all manner of taboo sexual antics from incest, rape and homosexuality to child prostitution, group sex and fellatio.

The Mutzenbacher Decision

The Mutzenbacher Decision (Case BVerfGE 83,130) was a ruling of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany on 27 November 1990 concerning whether or not the novel Josephine Mutzenbacher should be placed on a list of youth-restricted media. However, the significance of the case came to eclipse Josephine Mutzenbacher as an individual work, because it set a precedent as to which has a larger weight in German Law: Freedom of Expression or The Protection of the Youth.

Abstract

"Pornography and Art are not Mutually Exclusive"

Preface

In Germany there is a process known as Indizierung (indexing). The "Bundesprüfstelle für jugendgefährdende Medien" (BPjM) ("Federal testing department for media harmful to youths") collates books, movies, video games and music that could be harmful to young people because they contain violence, pornography, Nazism, hate speech or similar dangerous content. The items are placed on the "Liste jugendgefährdender Medien" ("list of youth-endangering media"). Items that are "indexed" (placed on the list) cannot be bought by anyone under 18.

When an item is placed on the list, it is not allowed to be sold at regular bookstores or retailers that young people have access to, nor is it allowed to be advertised in any manner. An item that is placed on the list becomes very difficult for adults to access as a result of these restrictions. The issue underlying the Mutzenbacher Decision is not whether the book is legal for adults to buy, own, read, and sell - that is not disputed. The case concerns whether the intrinsic merit of the book as a work of art supersedes the potential harm its controversial contents could have on the impressionable minds of minors and whether or not it should be "indexed". However, an important distinction needs to be made: A piece of media that has been "indexed" has not been banned, censored or denied to adult consumers in any official way.

The history

In the 1960s, two separate publishing houses made reprints of the original 1906 Josephine Mutzenbacher. In 1965 Dehli Publishers of Copenhagen, Denmark published a two volume edition, and in 1969 the German publisher Rogner and Bernhard printed another edition. The "Bundesprüfstelle für jugendgefährdende Medien" (BPjM) ("Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons") placed Josephine Mutzenbacher on its "Liste jugendgefährdender Medien" ("list of youth-endangering media"), commonly called "the index", after two criminal courts declared the pornographic contents of book obscene. The BPJM maintained that the book was pornographic and dangerous to minors because it contained explicit descriptions of sexual promiscuity, child prostitution, and incest as its exclusive subject matter, and promoted these activities as positive, insigificant, and even humorous behaivors in a manner devoid of any artistic value. The BPjM stated that the contents of the book justified it being placed on the "list of youth-endangering media" so that its availability to minors would be restricted. In 1978 a third publishing house attempted to issue a new version of Josephine Mutzenbacher that included a foreword and omitted the "glossary of Viennese Prostitution Terms" from the original 1906 version. The BPjM again placed Josephine Mutzenbacher on its "list of youth-endangering media" and the Rowohlt Publishing house filed an appeal with The Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court of Germany) on the grounds that Josephine Mutzenbacher was a work of art that minors should not be restricted from reading.

The decision

On 27 November 1990 The Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court of Germany) made what is now known as "The Mutzenbacher Decision". The Court prefaced their verdict by referring to two other seminal freedom of expression cases from previous German Case Law, the Mephisto Decision and the Anachronistischer Decision. The court ruled that under the German Grundgesetz (constitution) chapter about Kunstfreiheit (Freedom of art) the novel Josephine Mutzenbacher was both pornography and art, and that the former is not necessary and sufficient to deny the latter. In plain English, even though the contents of Josephine Mutzenbacher are pornographic, they are still considered art and in the process of "indexing" the book, the aspect of freedom of art has to be considered. The court's ruling forced the BPjM to temporarily remove the Rowohlt edition of Josephine Mutzenbacher from its "list of youth-endangering media". This edition was added to the list again in 1992 in a new decision of the BPjM which considered the aspect of freedom of art, but deemed the aspect of protecting children to be more important. Later editions of the book by other publishers were not added to the list.

Further reading

• English Language Translation of the German Case Law[1]
• Mutzenbacher-Entscheidung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts (BVerfGE 83, 130) - German Language ruling - The Mutzenbacher Decision
• The Mutzenbacher Decision on Wikipedia Germany
• Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons General Policy Page in English
• Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons Official Statement Concerning the Mutzenbacher Decision (German)
• Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons on Wikipedia Germany - Includes a list of the most popular restriced games, movies, comic books, and music not included on the English Wikipedia listing.

Derivative works

Literature

Continuations

Volume 2: Meine 365 Liebhaber. First edition (1925)

Two novels, also written anonymously, which present a continuation of the original Josephine Mutzenbacher, have been written. However, they are not generally ascribed to Felix Salten.

• Josefine Mutzenbacher: Meine 365 Liebhaber - (Josephine Mutzenbacher: My 365 Lovers) Published by Area (Oktober 2004) ISBN 3899962761
• Peperl Mutzenbacher - Tochter der Josefine Mutzenbacher (Peperl Mutzenbacher - Daughter of Josefine Mutzenbacher) Published by Tosa (2003) ISBN 3854928432.

Works influenced by Josephine Mutzenbacher

In 2000 the Austrian writer Franzobel published the novel "Scala Santa oder Josefine Wurznbachers Höhepunkt" (Scala Santa or Josefine Wurznbachers High Point). The title's similarity to Josephine Mutzenbacher, being only two letters different, is a play on words that is not just coincidence.^[23] The book's content is derivative as well, telling the story of the character "Pepi Wurznbacher" and her first sexual experience at age six.^[24][25] The name "Pepi Wurznbacher" is directly taken from the pages of Josephine Mutzenbacher; "Pepi" was Josephine Mutzenbacher's nickname in the early chapters.^[26][27] Franzobel has commented that he wanted his novel to be a retelling of the Josephine Mutzenbacher story set in modern day.^[28][29] He simply took the characters, plot elements and setting from Josephine Mutzenbacher and reworked them into a thoroughly modernized version that occurs in the 1990s.^[30] He was inspired to write the novel after being astounded at both the prevalence of child abuse stories in the German Press and having read Josephine Mutzenbacher's blatantly unapologetic depiction of the same.^[31]

University/Academia

Josephine Mutzenbacher has been included in several university courses and symposium.^[32]

• Pornography: Writing of Prostitutes COL 289 SP - Weissman, Hope Wesleyan University
• Der Sex-Akt in der Literatur. Zur Geschichte u. Repräsentation des Sex-Aktes im Spannungsfeld von "hoher Literatur, Trivialliteratur u. Pornographie" 641500 Study section, Comparative Literature Science - Babka, Anna Universität Innsbruck
• Sexuality, Eroticism, and Gender in Austrian Literature and Culture Annual Conference of the Modern Austrian Literature and Culture Association International Symposium University of Alberta April 13–15, 2007
• Literatur und Sexualität um 1900 SS 2001 510.273 - Rabelhofer, Bettina Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz

Film

Year	German Title	Translation	Runtime	Country	Notes/English Title
1970	Josefine Mutzenbacher	Josephine Mutzenbacher	89min	West Germany	Naughty Knickers (UK)
1971	Josefine Mutzenbacher II - Meine 365 Liebhaber	Josephine Mutzenbacher II - My 365 Lovers	90min	West Germany	Don't Get your Knickers in a Twist (UK)
1972	Ferdinand und die Mutzenbacherin	Ferdinand and the Mutzenbacher Girl	81min	West Germany	The Games Schoolgirls Play (USA)
1976	Josefine Mutzenbacher- Wie sie wirklich war 1	Josephine Mutzenbacher- The Way She Really Was	94min	West Germany	Sensational Janine (USA)
1978	Die Beichte der Josefine Mutzenbacher	The Confession of Josephine Mutzenbacher	94min	West Germany	Studio Tabu, Dir. Hans Billian
1981	Aus dem Tagebuch der Josefine Mutzenbacher	From the Diary of Josephine Mutzenbacher	93min	West Germany	Professional Janine (USA)
1984	Josefine Mutzenbacher - Mein Leben für die Liebe	Josephine Mutzenbacher - My Life for Love	100min	West Germany	The Way She Was (USA)
1987	Das Lustschloss der Josefine Mutzenbacher	The Pleasure Palace of Josephine Mutzenbacher	85min	Germany	Insatiable Janine (USA)
1990	Josefine Mutzenbacher - Manche mögen's heiß!	Josephine Mutzenbacher - Some Like it Hot!	90min	Germany	Studio EMS GmbH, Dir. Jürgen Enz
1991	Josefine Mutzenbacher - Die Hure von Wien	Josephine Mutzenbacher - The Whore of Vienna	90min	Germany	Trimax Studio, Dir. Hans Billian
1994	Heidi heida! Josefine Mutzenbackers Enkelin lässt grüßen	Heidi heida! Let's Say Hello to Josephine Mutzenbacher's Granddaughter	90min	Germany	Studio KSM GmbH

Theater/Cabaret/Stage

The Viennese a cappella quartet 4she regularly performs a cabaret musical theatre production based on Josephine Mutzenbacher called "The 7 Songs of Josefine Mutzenbacher" ("Die 7 Lieder der Josefine Mutzenbacher"). The show is a raunchy, humorous parody of the novel, set in a brothel, that runs approximately 75 minutes.^{[5][33][34][35][36][37][38]}

In 2002 the German actor Jürgen Tarrach and the jazz group CB-funk performed a live rendetion of the texts of Josephine Mutzenbacher and Shakespeare set to modern music composed by Bernd Weißig and arranged by the Pianist Detlef Bielke of the Günther-Fischer-Quintett at the Kalkscheune in Berlin.^[39][40][41]

In January 2005, Austrian actress Ulrike Beimpold gave several comedy cabaret live performances of the text of Josephine Mutzenbacher at the Auersperg15-Theater in Vienna, Austria.^[42]

In an event organized by the Jazzclub Regensburg, Werner Steinmassl held a live musical reading of Josephine Mutzenbacher, accompanied by Andreas Rüsing, at the Leeren Beutel Concert Hall in Ratisbon, Bavaria, Germany called "Werner Steinmassl reads Josefine Mutzenbacher" on 3 September 2005.^[43][44]

Audio adaptations

Both the original Josephine Mutzenbacher and the two "continuations" are available as spoken word audio CDs read by Austrian Actress Ulrike Beimpold:

• Josefine Mutzenbacher, Die Lebensgeschichte einer wienerischen Dirne, von ihr selbst erzählt Random House Audio 2006 ISBN 3866042531.
• Josefine Mutzenbacher und ihre 365 Liebhaber Audio CD Götz Fritsch Der Audio Verlag February 2006 ISBN 3898134849.

In 1997 Helmut Qualtinger released "Fifi Mutzenbacher", a parody, on audio CD:

• Fifi Mutzenbacher (Eine Porno-Parodie) Helmut Qualtinger (Künstler) # Audio CD (1. Januar 1997) Label: Preiser Records 90950 (Naxos) ASIN: B000024NA6.

Exhibits

The Jewish Museum of Vienna displayed an exhibit at the Palais Eskeles called "Felix Salten: From Josephine Mutzenbacher to Bambi" where the life and work of Felix Salten was on display, which ran from December 2006 to March 2007. Austrian State Parliament Delegate Elisabeth Vitouch appeared for the opening of the exhibit at Jewish Museum Vienna and declared: "Everyone knows Bambi and Josefine Mutzenbacher even today, but the author Felix Salten is today to a large extent forgotten".^[20][45][46]

References

1. ^ Outshoorn, Joyce (2004). The politics of prostitution: women's movements, democratic states, and the globalisation of sex commerce. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 41. ISBN 0-521-54069-0. 
2. ^ Tohill, Cathal & Tombs, Pete (1995). Immoral tales: European sex & horror movies 1956-1984. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. pp. 46. ISBN 0-312-13519-X. 
3. ^ :: Lit.Mod ::
4. ^ http://www.freidenker.at/jm.htm
5. ^ ^{a b} VOICE MANIA Kulturverein
6. ^ ERBzine 0880: Mahlon Blaine Bio and Bib
7. ^ Zensur.org - Bahle: Zensur in der Literatur
8. ^ TRANS Nr. 14: Donald G. Daviau (Riverside/California): Austria at the Turn of the Century 1900 and at the Millenium [sic]
9. ^ PR Felix Salten
10. ^ Felix Salten, Bambi, Walt Disney - Biography - Famous People from Vienna, Austria
11. ^ Mutzenbacher, Josefine Mutzenbacher, Erotische Führung, Wienführung, Führungen in Wien, Anna Ehrlich
12. ^ Hamann, Brigitte (2000). Hitler's Vienna: a dictator's apprenticeship. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. pp. 76. ISBN 0-19-514053-2. 
13. ^ PR Felix Salten
14. ^ Harold B. Segel (1987). Turn-of-the-century cabaret: Paris, Barcelona, Berlin, Munich, Vienna, Cracow, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Zurich. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 183. ISBN 0-231-05128-X. 
15. ^ Lasky, Melvin J. (2000). The language of journalism. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction. pp. 225. ISBN 0-7658-0220-1. 
16. ^ Gilman, Sander L. (1985). Difference and pathology: stereotypes of sexuality, race, and madness. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press. pp. 44. ISBN 0-8014-9332-3. 
17. ^ Schnitzler, Arthur; translated by J. M. Q. Davies; with and introduction and notes by Ritchie Robertson (2004). Round dance and other plays. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. pp. page X. ISBN 0-19-280459-6. 
18. ^ Lendvai, Paul (1998). Blacklisted: A Journalist's Life in Central Europe. I. B. Tauris. pp. XV. ISBN 1-8606-4268-3. 
19. ^ Segel, Harold B.. The Vienna Coffeehouse Wits, 1890-1938. West Lafayette, Ind: Purdue University Press. pp. 166. ISBN 1-55753-033-5. 
20. ^ ^{a b} Archivmeldung: Felix Salten: "Von Josefine Mutzenbacher bis Bambi"
21. ^ Ungeheure Unzucht - DIE WELT - WELT ONLINE
22. ^ Olympia Press Ebooks: $1 Literary and Erotic Classics From The Fabled Olympia Press
23. ^ THEATERheute Homepage
24. ^ Franzobel: Scala Santa oder Josefine Wurznbachers Hoehepunkt
25. ^ Endogene Zeichen - DIE WELT - WELT ONLINE
26. ^ http://www.biblio.at/rezensionen/details.php3?mednr%5B0%5D=sz0000057&anzahl=1
27. ^ Scala Santa von Franzobel
28. ^ Treibhaus
29. ^ : __franzobel :
30. ^ Deftiges Geflügelgulasch - DIE WELT - WELT ONLINE
31. ^ Günter Kaindlstorfer
32. ^ Odds & Ends, June 1998
33. ^ http://www.4she.net/S%DCNDIGES%20WIEN.doc
34. ^ http://www.wienweb.at/content.aspx?id=103141&channel=2&cat=11
35. ^ http://www.drachengasse.at/spielplan2.asp?ID=102
36. ^ Events|KURIER ONLINE
37. ^ Mutzenbacher: Sie singt wieder Tvmedia NR. 39 23–29 September 2006 Verlagsgruppe NEWS Gesellschaft m.b.H Vienna Austria
38. ^ Ziegelwagner, Michael "Sundig Geschrammelt Und G'stanzelt" The Kurier Vienna Austria 7 October 2006
39. ^ Berliner Morgenpost: Tagestips vom 18.09.2002: Schauspieler auf neuen Wegen
40. ^ Kultur-Highlights - WELT am SONNTAG - WELT ONLINE
41. ^ Jazz, Funk & Soul meets Shakespeare : Textarchiv : Berliner Zeitung
42. ^ Live dabeigewesen
43. ^ Werner Steinmassl - Programme
44. ^ Veranstaltungen - Liste
45. ^ Felix Salten
46. ^ ots.at: Felix Salten: "Von Josefine Mutzenbacher bis Bambi"