Dermodactylus

Dermodactylus Temporal range: Late Jurassic
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Sauropsida
Order:	Pterosauria
Suborder:	Pterodactyloidea
Family:	unknown
Genus:	Dermodactylus Marsh, 1881
Species:	D. montanus
Binomial name
Dermodactylus montanus (Marsh, 1878)
Synonyms
Pterodactylus montanus Marsh, 1878

Dermodactylus (meaning "skin finger", from Greek derma and daktylos, in reference to pterosaur wings being skin membranes supported by the ring fingers) was a genus of pterodactyloid (general term for "short-tailed" pterosaur) pterosaur from the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian-age Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming, USA. It is based on a single partial bone, from the hand.

History and classification

Dermodactylus is based on YPM 2000,^[1] a distal right fourth metacarpal found by Samuel Wendell Williston at Como Bluff. This bone constituted at the time the oldest pterosaur remains found, recognized, and described from North America.^[2] Othniel Charles Marsh first named it as a species of Pterodactylus:^[3] P. montanus, the specific name meaning "from the mountains" in Latin, but soon changed his mind and gave it a new generic name. At the same time he assigned another wing bone, teeth, vertebrae, and a scapulacoracoid to it,^[4] but this material is probably too large to belong to the type individual.^[5]

Its place within the Pterosauria is uncertain, beyond the Pterodactyloidea.^[6] The material it is based on is too meager for further classification (although Carpenter et al.. [2003] note that the shape of the bone's articular end means that it did not belong to an ornithocheirid, a type of short-tailed pterosaur that often had a head crest and/or large teeth),^[7] or for adding additional remains to the genus with any certainty, and so it is now regarded as a dubious pterodactyloid.^{[7][8][9][10]} It was not even mentioned in the most recent major popular work on pterosaurs.^[11]

Paleobiology

Marsh suggested it had a wingspan of 1.5-1.8 meters (5-6 feet),^[4] but this is including the material excluded by Peter Wellnhofer, who estimates the wingspan of the only known individual at 1 meter (3.28 feet).^[2] John Foster estimates its weight at 3.3 kilograms (7.3 pounds). It would probably have been a small aerial carnivore.^[12]

References

1. ^ YPM=Yale University Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, Connecticut.
2. ^ ^{a b} Wellnhofer, Peter (1996) [1991]. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Pterosaurs. New York: Barnes and Noble Books. p. 105. ISBN 0-7607-0154-7. 
3. ^ Marsh, Othniel Charles (1878). "New pterodactyl from the Jurassic of the Rocky Mountains". American Journal of Science, series 3 16: 233–234. 
4. ^ ^{a b} Marsh, Othniel Charles (1881). "Note on American pterodactyls". American Journal of Science, series 3 21: 342–343. 
5. ^ Wellnhofer, Peter (1978). Pterosauria. Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie, Teil 19. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer. p. 65. ISBN 3437302698. 
6. ^ Wellnhofer, Peter (1996) [1991]. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Pterosaurs. New York: Barnes and Noble Books. p. 107. ISBN 0-7607-0154-7. 
7. ^ ^{a b} Carpenter, Kenneth; Unwin, David M.; Cloward, Karen; Miles, Clifford A.; and Miles, Clark (2003). "A new scaphognathine pterosaur from the Upper Jurassic Formation of Wyoming, USA". In Buffetaut, Eric; and Mazin, Jean- Michel (eds.). Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 217. London: Geological Society of London. pp. 45–54. ISBN 1-86239-143-2. 
8. ^ Harris, Jerald D.; Carpenter, Kenneth (1996). "A large pterodactyloid from the Morrison Formation (Late Jurassic) of Garden Park, Colorado". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte 8: 473–484. 
9. ^ Glut, Donald F. (2006). "Dermodactylus". Dinosaurs: The Encyclopedia. 4th Supplement. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc.. p. 598. ISBN 0-7864-2295-5. 
10. ^ King, Lorin R.; Foster, John R.; and Scheetz, Rodney D. (2006). "New pterosaur specimens from the Morrison Formation and a summary of the Late Jurassic pterosaur record of the Rocky Mountain region". In Foster, John R.; and Lucas, Spencer G. (eds.). Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 36. Albuquerque, New Mexico: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. pp. 149–161. 
11. ^ Unwin, David M. (2006). The Pterosaurs: From Deep Time. New York: Pi Press. pp. 1–347. ISBN 0-13-146308-X. 
12. ^ Foster, John R. (2003). Paleoecological Analysis of the Vertebrate Fauna of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Rocky Mountain Region, U.S.A.. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 23. Albuquerque, New Mexico: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. p. 37. 

Further reading

• James A. Jensen, John H. Ostrom (July 1977). "A Second Jurassic Pterosaur from North America". Journal of Paleontology 51 (4): 867–870.