A Conspiracy of Hope

A Conspiracy of Hope
Benefit tour by Amnesty International
Location	United States
Start date	June 4, 1986
End date	June 15, 1986
Legs	1
Shows	6
Amnesty International benefit events chronology The Secret Policeman's Other Ball (1981) A Conspiracy of Hope (1986) Human Rights Now! (1988) U2 tour chronology The Unforgettable Fire Tour (1984-1985) A Conspiracy of Hope (1986) The Joshua Tree Tour (1987) The Police tour chronology Synchronicity Tour (1983-1984) A Conspiracy of Hope (1986) Reunion Tour (2007-2008)

A Conspiracy of Hope was a short tour of six benefit concerts on behalf of Amnesty International that took place in the United States during June 1986. The purpose of the tour was not to raise funds but rather to increase awareness of human rights and of Amnesty's work on its 25th anniversary, and to invite a new generation take action to free prisoners of conscience. The shows were headlined by U2, Sting and Bryan Adams and also featured Peter Gabriel, Lou Reed, Joan Baez, and The Neville Brothers. The last three shows featured a reunion of The Police. At press conferences in each city, at related media events, and through their music at the concerts themselves, the artists engaged with the public on themes of human rights and human dignity. The six concerts were the first of what subsequently became known collectively as the Human Rights Concerts - a series of music events and tours staged by the US Section of Amnesty International between 1986-1998.

Background

The tour was conceived by the Executive Director of Amnesty International's U.S. section, Jack Healey. The tour was run by famed rock promotor Bill Graham, who served as executive producer along with Healey and Mary Daly. James Radner was "Concerts for Freedom" manager for the tour. In developing the tour, Healey drew on his relationship with Martin Lewis who had first recruited rock musicians such as Pete Townshend, Sting and Peter Gabriel to work with Amnesty several years before for The Secret Policeman's Balls series of benefit shows in England (1976-1981). ^[1][2]

Tickets for some of the shows were sold by mail-order lottery, a method popular in the 1970s for high-demand shows but here used for pretty much the last time, with computerized services such as Ticketron rapidly taking over. The concert in Denver was the only show that did not sell out, even with most of the top names on the bill. The local promoter blamed the title of the concert for radio stations believing there truly was a conspiracy .^{[citation needed]}

Performances

Date	City	Country	Venue
4 June 1986	Daly City, California	United States	Cow Palace
6 June 1986	Inglewood, California		The Forum
8 June 1986	Denver, Colorado		McNichols Sports Arena
11 June 1986	Atlanta, Georgia		The Omni
13 June 1986	Rosemont, Illinois		Rosemont Horizon
15 June 1986	East Rutherford, New Jersey		Giants Stadium

The final show at Giants Stadium show was a sold-out, all-day event, running from noon until 11 p.m., and at an outdoor stadium rather than the indoor arenas used for the first five stops. As such, these additional artists played there: John Eddie with Max Weinberg, Third World, The Hooters, Peter Paul & Mary, Little Steven with Bob Geldof, Stanley Jordan, Joan Armatrading, Jackson Browne, Rubén Blades with Fela and Carlos Santana, Yoko Ono, Howard Jones, Miles Davis, and Joni Mitchell. Spoken introductions were made by Bill Graham, Bill Bradley, Darryl Hannah, Robert DeNiro, Christopher Reeve, Michael J. Fox, and Muhammed Ali. The show was televised in its entirety by MTV, with the final three hours syndicated on broadcast television by Viacom. Westwood One handled the radio broadcast. Celebrities and leaders in the entertainment industry, including Robin Williams (by improvisation) and John Huston (overcoming emphysema), appeared on camera to narrate public service announcements about human rights for the television broadcast.

Jackson Browne had also performed at the San Francisco and Los Angeles shows. Robin Williams had also performed an impromptu stand-up set at the Chicago show. Madonna and Sean Penn introduced Bryan Adams at the opening night in San Francisco.

Pete Townshend was scheduled to play the Giants Stadium show, but cancelled at the last moment when his father, Cliff Townshend, became gravely ill. This would have been Pete Townshend's first ever US solo appearance.

Musical themes

The tour artists generally arranged their sets around themes of politics, freedom, and courage. Multiple performers joined U2 for Little Steven's "Sun City", while the assembled multitude sang Bob Dylan's "I Shall Be Released" at the end. Bono sometimes joined The Police for the Troubles-flavored "Invisible Sun", while Fela and Santana joined the Neville Brothers as well. Some of the less rock-oriented acts lost crowd attention during the long Giants Stadium event (notably Joni Mitchell, who admonished the audience from the stage for their rowdy behavior during her set), although Baez was well received with a diverse set that included a rousing version of "The Times They are A-Changin'", as well as Fela and the Nevilles assisting her on Tears for Fears' "Shout". (Curt Smith of Tears for Fears was in the audience at the Cow Palace show, and joined Baez and the Nevilles on that show's performance of this song.)

The tour enhanced the growing stature of both Peter Gabriel and U2, who were on upswings of popularity and whose "Shock the Monkey" and "Bad" respectively showed percussive, hypnotic power in large settings. Sting was originally slated for the tour as a solo performer with his touring band, but he reconvened The Police for the final three concerts (with their first appearance, in Atlanta, being unannounced) to further assist Amnesty's fund-raising and profile-raising with the enhanced value of a Police reunion. These were the last public Police performances until their Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction in 2003.

Impact

Inevitably there were some who wondered whether attendees were understanding the message of the event or simply there for the music. A Philadelphia rock radio station sent an interviewer into the Giants Stadium concessions line, who seemed shocked to encounter an audience member who not only knew what Amnesty was but was a member.

Bono addressed the doubters and cynics in an interview in Rolling Stone shortly before the tour began in which he said that he knew first-hand the value of attending such shows: "The audience is going to be great. I know that because I was part of that audience once. I saw 'The Secret Policeman's Ball' and it became a part of me ... It sowed a seed."

On Monday June 16, the morning after the final show at Giants Stadium in New Jersey, Sting, Peter Gabriel, tour promoter Bill Graham and Amnesty director Jack Healey were guests on the Today Show. Host Bryant Gumbel asked, “I don’t think any of us would quibble about the worth of the cause but what leads you to believe that anybody left with anything more than a smile?”

Sting responded:

I've been a member of Amnesty for five years and a supporter because of an entertainment show which was called 'The Secret Policeman's Ball' which I was involved in. And before that I didn’t know about Amnesty’s work and so in a sense I’m a success story. I know that these kind of events work. I’m sure that there were 80,000 people there last night a good proportion of them will want to be supporters and who will want to carry on the work.^[3]

One month after the tour, the membership of Amnesty International in the United States had increased by 45,000 members.^[4] Concert-goers had been asked to send appeals for freedom on behalf of six prisoners of conscience, two of whom were released within months after the tour.

References

1. ^ Gundersen, Edna, "Big show, big impact? Live Earth hopes so" USAToday.com, 4 July 2007
2. ^ "Benchmark benefits through the years" USAToday.com, 4 July 2007
3. ^ YouTube - Sting and Peter Gabriel TV Interview On NBC Today Show about Amnesty concerts
4. ^ http://www.artforamnesty.com/view_event.php?id=3^{[dead link]}

External links

• U2's setlists from the Conspiracy of Hope Tour
• Amnesty International
• Conspiracy of Hope Poster