William C. Chase

Infobox Military Person
name=William Curtis Chase
born= birth date|1895|3|9
died= Death date and age|1986|8|21|1895|3|9
placeofbirth=Providence, Rhode Island
placeofdeath=
placeofburial=


caption=Major General William C. Chase (right) inducts Lieutenant General H. C. H. Robertson (left), Commander in Chief British Commonwealth Occupation Force (BCOF), as an an honorary member of the 1st Cavalry Division.
nickname=
allegiance=flagicon|United States United States
branch= United States Army
serviceyears=1916–1955
rank=Major General
commands=1st Cavalry Division
38th Infantry Division
unit=
battles=World War I:
*Pancho Villa Expedition
*Battle of Saint-Mihiel
*Meuse-Argonne Offensive
World War II:
* Admiralty Islands campaign
* Battle of Leyte
* Battle of Luzon
* Battle of Bataan (1945)
awards=Distinguished Service Cross
Army Distinguished Service Medal (2) Legion of Merit Bronze Star Medal (4) Commendation Ribbon Purple Heart
relations=
laterwork=
Major General William Curtis Chase (9 March 1895–21 August 1986) was an American soldier and General in the first half of the 20th century. He is best known for his service in the South West Pacific Area during World War II and in the Occupation of Japan.

Education and early life

William Curtis Chase was born in Providence, Rhode Island on 9 March 1896,harvnb|Ancell & Miller|1996|p=52] the son of William Beecher Chase and his wife, Doris Evelyn née Curtis. He attended Brown University graduating with a Bachelor of Arts with a Phi Beta Kappa Society key in 1916. While at Brown, Chase enlisted in Battery A, 1st Rhode Island Volunteer Artillery of the Rhode Island National Guard (later Battery A, 103rd Field Artillery) in 1913. [harvnb|Chase|1975|pp=1-2]

Great War

On the afternoon of his graduation from Brown in 1916, Chase, now a sergeant, joined A Battery at Quonset Point, Rhode Island where it was mobilised for duty on the Mexican Border. The unit remained in the El Paso, Texas area for a time, but saw no action. While there Chase passed an examination for commissions in Regular Army.Chase was posted to Fort Leavenworth in January 1917 for a three month course for newly commissioned officers before being commissioned as a second lieutenant in the cavalry. [harvnb|Chase|1975|pp=2-4]

Chase was assigned to the 3rd Cavalry, then based at Fort Sam Houston. Shortly after the United States declared war on Germany, he was promoted to first lieutenant and posted to the 6th Cavalry on the Mexican frontier. [harvnb|Chase|1975|pp=5-6]

Chase attended a machine gun course at Fort Sill, after which he was posted to the 11th Machine Gun Battalion, part of the 4th Division, in April 1918. [harvnb|Chase|1975|pp=7-8] He served in France with the 4th Division, participating in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel but came down with jaundice and missed all but the last days of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. [harvnb|Chase|1975|p=15] He participated in the Occupation of the Rhineland before the 4th Division returned to the United States in July 1919. [harvnb|Chase|1975|pp=19-20]

Inter-War years

On return, Chase was posted to the 16th Cavalry, then in the Rio Grande Valley, although it soon returned to Fort Sam Houston. In 1921 he was posted to Michigan State College for duty with the Reserve Officers' Training Corps. There he met Dorothea Marie Wetherbee. They were married in 1921. They never had children. [harvnb|Chase|1975|pp=21-22]

Chase attended the United States Army Cavalry School and United States Army Infantry School, followed by duty with the 14th Cavalry at Fort Sheridan, Illinois from 1927 to 1929. He then attended the Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth. From 1931 to 1934 he served overseas with the 26th Cavalry (Philippine Scouts) at Fort Stotsenburg in the Philippines. Returning to the United States, he was posted as an Instructor in Tactics, first at the Cavalry School at Fort Riley and then, from 1938 to 1940, at the Command and General Staff College. [harvnb|Chase|1975|pp=22-25]

World War II

In 1941 Chase, now a lieutenant colonel, was posted to VIII Corps, then commanded by Major General Walter Krueger. As such, he participated in the Louisiana Maneuvers. In December 1941, he was posted to the Amphibious Force, Atlantic Fleet, then under the command of Major General Holland Smith. Based at Marine Corps Base Quantico, the Amphibious Force practised Amphibious warfare tactics on Chesapeake Bay. [harvnb|Chase|1975|pp=26-31]

In 1942, Chase assumed command of the 113th Cavalry, an Iowa National Guard unit. Initially a horse-mechanized unit, the 113th Cavalry soon became fully mechanized. It moved from its original station at Fort Clark, Texas to Camp Bowie and then to Fort Hood, where it provided school troops for the Tank Destroyer Center. [harvnb|Chase|1975|pp=32-34]

Chase was promoted to Brigadier General in March 1943 on assuming command of the 1st Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division. The division was then stationed at Fort Bliss but was already preparing to move to the South West Pacific. The 1st Cavalry Division had therefore been dismounted, but the division and brigade commanders and their staffs were still on horseback. The 1st Cavalry Division staged at Camp Stoneman. Chase departed from San Francisco on 3 July on the transport SS "George Washington". [harvnb|Chase|1975|pp=38-39]

The 1st Cavalry Division arrived in Australia and continued its training at Strathpine, Queensland. Training there was more vigorous than at Fort Bliss, and Chase broke his calcaneus in a training accident. [harvnb|Chase|1975|p=40] In December 1943, the 1st Cavalry Division sailed for Oro Bay, where it staged for its next operation, the Admiralty Islands campaign. [harvnb|Chase|1975|p=43]

Chase was chosen to lead the assault on the Admiralty Islands. Here, his tactical expertise came to the fore. He resisted the temptation to attempt to overrun the island, and thereby over-extend his forces, and formed a defensive perimeter that made good use of the terrain. From this position, he was able to defeat a series of counterattacks by the numerically superior Japanese garrison. [harvnb|Frierson|1946|pp=36-41] The crisis passed, Chase's force was reinforced by the rest of the division, and the 1st Cavalry Division was then able to overrun the islands. Chase was awarded the Bronze Star Medal for his role in the campaign. [harvnb|Chase|1975|p=59]

The 1st Cavalry Division remained in the Admiralty Islands until October, when it boarded ships there for the invasion of Leyte, which it assaulted on 20 October 1944. Chase's 1st Brigade's initial mission was to reconnoiter the hills on the west side of the Tacloban Valley and establish observation posts from which it could command the entrances to the valley. [harvnb|Cannon|1954|p=63] In November, he was ordered to cover the flank of X Corps' advance up the Leyte Valley, and later into the Ormoc Valley. Chase had to move his brigade across mountainous, roadless, uncharted jungle in frequently appalling wet weather. The advance made slow progress against Japanese troops that fought tenaciously all the way. [harvnb|Chase|1975|pp=70-71]

The 1st Cavalry Division was down to half strength when it was withdrawn from the front line on Leyte for a brief rest in January 1945, but few reinforcements arrived before it was ordered to move to Luzon, [harvnb|Chase|1975|pp=75-76] where it disembarked over the beaches at San Fabian on 27 January 1945. [harvnb|Chase|1975|p=79] General of the Army Douglas MacArthur ordered the 1st Cavalry Division's commander, Major General Vern D. Mudge, to conduct a rapid advance on Manila. For this, Mudge formed three flying columns. [harvnb|Chase|1975|pp=80-81] Initially, Chase's 1st Brigade's mission was to follow one of the columns but on 1 February he was relieved of responsibility for the main body of the 1st Brigade and placed in command of all three flying columns. [harvnb|Chase|1975|p=83]

On 3 February, Chase's columns pushed into the northern outskirts of Manila and seized a vital bridge over the Tuliahan River, which separated them from the city proper. Chase, controlling his columns by radio, suffered slight burns to his hands when a Japanese truck exploded. A squadron of the 8th Cavalry, guided by two Filipino guerrillas reached the sprawling campus of the University of Santo Tomas which had been turned into an internment camp, liberating some 3,700 internees. [harvnb|Chase|1975|p=87]

A Japanese raiding party destroyed the bridge over Tuliahan River; Chase's security was not good enough. This prevented the main body of the 1st Cavalry Division from linking up with Chase's force in Manila. Supplies were dispatched through the 37th Infantry Division's zone until engineers could build a new bridge. [harvnb|Smith|1963|p=233] For his advance on Manila, Chase was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. He was also awarded the Purple Heart for the burns to his hands. [harvnb|Chase|1975|p=99]

On 7 February 1945, Chase took over command of the 38th Infantry Division, which was then confronted by enemy fortifications at Zig-Zag Pass on the Bataan Peninsula. It took Chase a week of hard fighting to reduce this position. [harvnb|Smith|1963|pp=327-333] A battalion of the 151st Infantry under Chase's personal command landed at Mariveles on the southern tip of Bataan on 14 February. [harvnb|Smith|1963|pp=332-334] The 38th Infantry Division participated in the final actions on Corregidor. [harvnb|Smith|1963|pp=348-349] Units of the 38th Infantry Division assaulted and captured Caballo Island on 27 March, Fort Drum on El Fraile Island on 13 April, and Carabao Island on 16 April. [harvnb|Smith|1963|pp=350-357] Meanwhile, other elements of the 38th Infantry Division engaged enemy forces in the mountainous Fort Stotsenburg area. [harvnb|Chase|1975|pp=114-115] Chase was promoted to Major General in March.

In late April 1945, the 38th Infantry Division moved to the area east of Manila where it relived the 6th Infantry Division. On 1 May, it began a series of probing attacks prior to an attack on 4 may aimed at capturing the Wawa Dam, an important part of Manila's water supply. Chase had to reduce a series of strongly held Japanese positions. By the end of the month, the dam was secure and the Japanese "Kobayashi Force" was broken. [harvnb|Smith|1963|pp=398-402]

Chase assumed command of the 1st Cavalry Division on 1 August 1945. At this time, the division was in the Lucena City area but slated for Operation Downfall, in which it would assault Ariake, Kagoshima. [harvnb|Chase|1975|p=123] The end of the war precluded this. Instead, the 1st Cavalry Division participated in the Occupation of Japan. It embarked from Batangas on 25 August and disembarked in Tokyo Bay on 2 September, becoming the first US division in Tokyo. [harvnb|Chase|1975|p=125]

Later life

Chase remained with the 1st Cavalry Division on occupation duties until December 1948, when he temporarily assumed command of IX Corps. He finally returned to the United States in January 1949. [harvnb|Chase|1975|p=158] In April, he became chief of staff of the Third Army at Fort McPherson. [harvnb|Chase|1975|p=159] From 1951 to 1955 he headed the Military Assistance Advisory Group in Taiwan. [harvnb|Chase|1975|pp=164-200]

Retiring from the Army, Chase earned a Master of Arts (postgraduate) degree in history from Trinity University. From 1957 to 1965, he taught political science at the University of Houston. His wife Dorothea died in 1957. In 1961 he married Mrs Hallie Barlow Olcott. Chase retired in 1965, having reached the state of Texas' mandatory retirement age. [harvnb|Chase|1975|p=201]

In 1974, Chase joined a party of retired generals associated with General MacArthur that included Leif J. Sverdrup, Hugh John Casey, and LeGrande A. Diller and their wives visited Australia as guests of Lieutenant General Sir Edmund Herring and Dame Mary Herring. [harvnb|Chase|1975|pp=215-217]

Chase published his memoirs in 1975.

He died on 21 August 1986.

References

Bibliography

*Citation
last = Ancell
first = R. Manning
last2 = Miller
first2 = Christine
title = The Biographical Dictionary of World War II Generals and Flag Officers: The US Armed Forces
place= Westport, Connecticut
publisher = Greenwood Press
year = 1996
page = 86
isbn = 0-313-29546-8

*cite book
last = Chase
first = William C.
authorlink =
year = 1975
title = Frontline General: The Commands of Maj. Gen. Wm. C. Chase
publisher = Pacesetter Press
location = Houston, Texas
isbn = 0-88415-295-0

*cite web
last = Cannon
first = M. Hamlin
year = 1954
url = http://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-Return/index.html
title = Leyte: The Return to the Philippines
work = United States Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific
publisher = United States Army Center of Military History
location = Washington, DC

*cite web
last = Frierson
first = Major William C.
url = http://www.army.mil/cmh/books/wwii/admiralties/admiralties-fm.htm
title = The Admiralties: Operations of the 1st Cavalry Division, 29 February – 18 May 1944
work = American Forces in Action
publisher = U.S. Government Printing Office
location = Washington, DC
year = 1946

*cite web
last = Smith
first = Robert Ross
year = 1963
url = http://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-Triumph/index.html
title = Triumph in the Philippines
work = United States Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific
publisher = United States Army Center of Military History
location = Washington, DC

Persondata
NAME = Chase, William Curtis
ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
SHORT DESCRIPTION = United States Army general in World War II
DATE OF BIRTH = 9 March 1895
PLACE OF BIRTH = Providence, Rhode Island
DATE OF DEATH = 21 August 1986
PLACE OF DEATH =