National liberalism

Liberalism
Development History of liberalism Contributions to liberal theory
Ideas Political liberalism Political freedom Cultural liberalism Democratic capitalism Democratic education Economic liberalism Free trade · Individualism Laissez faire Liberal democracy Liberal neutrality Negative / positive liberty Market economy · Open society Popular sovereignty Rights (individual) Separation of church and state Harm principle Permissive society
Variants  · Anarcho-liberalism  · Classical  · Conservative Democratic  · Green  · Libertarianism  · Market  · National  · Neoliberalism  · Ordoliberalism  · Paleoliberalism  · Radicalism  · Religious liberalism  · Social
People John Locke · Adam Smith Adam Ferguson Thomas Jefferson Thomas Paine · David Hume Baron de Montesquieu Jeremy Bentham Thomas Malthus Wilhelm von Humboldt Frederic Bastiat John Stuart Mill · Thomas Hill Green Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse John Maynard Keynes Bertrand Russell Ludwig von Mises Friedrich Hayek · Isaiah Berlin Joel Feinberg John Rawls · Robert Nozick
Organizations Liberal parties Liberal International International Federation of Liberal Youth (IFLRY) European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (ELDR) Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) European Liberal Youth (LYMEC) Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats (CALD) Africa Liberal Network (ALN) Liberal Network for Latin America (Relial)
Liberalism portal Politics portal
v · d · e

National liberalism is a variant of liberalism, combining nationalism with some liberal policies, especially regarding economic liberalism. The roots of it are to be found in the 19th century, when conservative liberalism was the ideology of the political classes in most European countries, then governed by monarchies.

National liberal parties exist today, including strongly in Austria, where it represents one of the three traditional ideological families in the country.^{[citation needed]}

Historical national liberalism

In 19th century Germany believers in national liberalism differed from liberal nationalists in that they believed in a more authoritarian presence in Europe and a strong Germanic Empire. Liberal nationalists, such as Max Weber, were looking towards a democratic Germany in cooperation with the other European powers.^[1]

The term 'national liberalism' was mainly used in German-speaking countries such as Germany and Austria during the 19th century,^[2][3][4] where "National-Liberal" parties were long in government.

Modern national liberalism

In Austria, national liberalism has remained the basis of one of the three Lager, or ideological camps, in the country. Historically, this has been represented by the Freedom Party,^[5] but they have recently been joined by a splinter, the Alliance for the Future of Austria.

Germany's Free Democratic Party continues to have a national liberal faction,^[6] which holds a more eurosceptic position to the rest of the party.^[7]

In Russia in the 1990s, Boris Nemtsov contrasted with Anatoly Chubais and Yegor Gaidar by adopting national liberalism: uniting free market reforms with an increasingly politically-authoritarian government.^[8]

Footnotes

References

• Verlag Beck, Germany from Napoléon to Bismarck, 1800-1866, Princeton University Press
• Lucien Calvié, Unité nationale et liberté politique chez quelques libéraux allemands au début des années 30 and Naissance et évolution du libéralisme allemand, in Françoise Knopper and Gilbert Merlio (edited by), Notices politiques et littéraires sur l'Allemagne, Presses Universitaires du Mirail, Paris, 1835
• Alfred Wahl, Les forces politiques en Allemagne, Armand Colin

See also

• Liberal nationalism