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Petiole (botany)

Petiole (botany)
For the moth genus, see Phyllodes (moth).
Leaf of Dog Rose (Rosa canina), showing the petiole, two leafy stipules, and five leaflets
Acacia koa with phyllode between the branch and the compound leaves

In botany, the petiole is the stalk attaching the leaf blade to the stem.[1] The petiole usually has the same internal structure as the stem. Outgrowths appearing on each side of the petiole are called stipules. Leaves lacking a petiole are called sessile, or clasping when they partly surround the stem. Clasping leaves of the Poaceae have an extra structure called the ligule. Petiolate leaves are ones where the petiole connects to the leaf before its apex.

In some plants, the petioles become flattened and widened, and the true leaves may become reduced or vanish altogether. These are known as phyllodes or phyllodia, or cladophylls. Thus, the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. Phyllodes are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subgenus Phyllodineae. Sometimes, especially on younger plants, partially formed phyllodes bearing reduced leaves can be seen.

In Acacia koa, the phyllodes are leathery and thick, allowing the tree to survive stressful environments. The petiole allows partially submerged hydrophytes to have leaves floating at different depths; the petiole being between the node and the stem.

Etymology

Petiole is pronounced /ˈpiːtɨoʊl/ and comes from Latin petiolus, or peciolus "little foot," "stem", an alternate diminutive of pes "foot." The regular diminutive pediculus is also used for "foot stalk".

See also

References

  1. ^ Wikisource-logo.svg "Petiole". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921. 

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