Soltaniyeh

For the administrative subdivision, see Soltaniyeh District.

Soltaniyeh سلطانيه
—  city  —
Soltaniyeh Dome
Soltaniyeh
Coordinates: 36°26′05″N 48°47′51″E / 36.43472°N 48.7975°E / 36.43472; 48.7975Coordinates: 36°26′05″N 48°47′51″E / 36.43472°N 48.7975°E / 36.43472; 48.7975
Country	Iran
Province	Zanjan
County	Abhar
Bakhsh	Soltaniyeh
Population (2006)
– Total	5,684
Time zone	IRST (UTC+3:30)
– Summer (DST)	IRDT (UTC+4:30)

Soltaniyeh *
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Country	Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Type	Cultural
Criteria	ii, iii, iv
Reference	1188
Region **	Asia-Pacific
Inscription history
Inscription	2005 (29th Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List ** Region as classified by UNESCO

Soltaniyeh (Persian: سلطانيه, also Romanized as Solţānīyeh, Solţāneyyeh, Sultaniye, and Sultānīyeh; also known as Sa‘īdīyeh)^[1] is a city in and capital of Soltaniyeh District of Abhar County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 5,684, in 1,649 families.^[2] Soltaniyeh, located some 240 kilometres (150 mi) to the north-west of Tehran, used to be the capital of Mongol Ilkhanid rulers of Persia in the 14th century. Its name translates as "the Imperial". In 2005, UNESCO listed Soltaniyeh as one of the World Heritage Sites.

William Dalrymple notes that Öljaitü intended Soltaniyeh to be "the largest and most magnificent city in the world" but that it "died with him" and is now "a deserted, crumbling spread of ruins."^[3]

Dome of Soltaniyeh

The central magnet of Soltaniyeh's several ruins is the Mausoleum of Il-khan Öljeitü (Persian اولجايتو) also known as Muhammad Khodabandeh, traditionally known as the Dome of Soltaniyeh.

The structure, erected from 1302 to 1312 AD, has the oldest double-shell dome in Iran.^[4] Its importance in the Muslim world may be compared to that of Brunelleschi's cupola for Christian architecture. It is one of the largest brick domes in the world, just at the theoretical engineering limit for a brick dome and the third largest dome in the world after domes of Florence Cathedral and Hagia Sophia.^[5] The Dome of Soltaniyeh paved the way for more daring Iranian-style cupola constructions in Muslim world, such as the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi and Taj Mahal. Much of its exterior decoration has been lost, but the interior retains superb mosaics, faience, and murals. People have described the architecture of the building as “anticipating the Taj Mahal.”

The estimated^{[weasel words]} 200 ton dome stands 49 meters (161 ft) tall from its base, and is currently^[when?] undergoing extensive renovation.

Photo gallery

• 

  The Soltaniyeh Dome's structure and its 6 minarets are being restored by Iran's ICHO

• 

  Major reconstruction inside

• 

  16th century map of Soltaniyeh city

• 

  16th century map of Soltaniyeh city

See also

• Iranian architecture
• Ab Anbar
• Yakhchal
• Traditional water sources of Persian antiquity

External links

• Official website
• World Heritage profile
• Video of Soltaniyeh
• Farnoush Tehrāni, The Crown of All Domes, in Persian, Jadid Online, 31 December 2009, [1].
  • Audio slideshow: [2] (6 min 45 sec).

References

1. ^ Soltaniyeh can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3081931" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
2. ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Islamic Republic of Iran. http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/19.xls. 
3. ^ Dalrymple, William (1989). In Xanadu. pp. 128–129. 
4. ^ http://www.iranreview.org/content/view/2280/51/
5. ^ http://www.iranreview.org/content/view/2280/51/