Battle of Minisink

The Battle of Minisink was a battle of the American Revolutionary War fought at Minisink Ford, New York, on July 22 1779. It was the only major skirmish of the Revolutionary War fought in the northern Delaware Valley. The battle was a decisive British victory, as the colonial militia was hastily assembled, ill-equipped, and inexperienced.

Brant's raid

Although British forces were largely concentrated on Manhattan Island, Joseph Brant, a Mohawk war chief and a Captain in the British army, was sent along with his Brant's Volunteers on a quest for provisions, to gather intelligence on the Delaware in the vicinity of Minisink, and to disrupt the upcoming American Sullivan Campaign.

In July of 1779, he received word that Kazimierz Pulaski's forces had moved into Pennsylvania, leaving much of the Delaware Valley undefended. Brant led his force of loyalists and Iroquois raiders through the valley, with the goal of seizing supplies and demoralizing the colonists.cite news | title= Colonials took bloody beating at Battle of Minisink|author=Conway, John| year = 2003|publisher =Times Herald Record | url= http://www.recordonline.com/archive/2003/07/18/retro18.htm| accessdate= 2006-07-12] The settlers were forced to flee to more populated areas, and Brant pursued them. On 20 July, he reached Peenpack, which he attacked immediately. Brant ordered that "they should not kill any women or children" or Loyalists and to take prisoner any who surrendered. His raid was a crushing success and, leaving Fort Decker and the settlement in ruins, Brant and his force continued north along the Delaware River.cite news | title= Remembering the battle at Minisink|author=Hulse, David|publisher =The River Reporter| year = 2004| url= http://www.riverreporter.com/issues/04-07-15/feature.html| accessdate= 2006-07-12]

Battle of Minisink

Later that day, riders from Peenpack reached the village of Goshen, telling of Brant's raid and the destruction of the town. A militia formed immediately, under the reluctant command of Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin Tusten. Tusten was strongly opposed to pursuing the raiders, as he knew they would be no match for the British and Iroquois soldiers, and he suggested waiting for reinforcements from the Continental Army. However, the majority of the public and the militia underestimated the fighting ability of the Iroquois and demanded immediate retribution. Outvoted, Tusten agreed to set out the following morning. They met up with elements of the Fourth Orange County Regiment ordered from Warwick by George Washington and led by Colonel John Hathorn. Colonel Hathorn assumed command and marched for the Delaware with a force of about 120 minutemen.cite web | title= Col. John Hathorn's Official Report | year = 1779 | url= http://www.albertwisnerlibrary.org/Factsandhistory/History/Minisink.htm | accessmonthday= July 12 | accessyear= 2006]

On the morning of July 22, the militia moved into position in the hills above the Delaware River, intending to ambush Brant's forces who were crossing at Minisink Ford. Hathorn split them into a group of skirmishers and two units comprising the main force. Before the ambush was set, however, a shot was fired in haste by Bezaleel Tyler, one of the skirmishers. This mistake alerted Brant to the trap, and he quickly outflanked the two groups of colonials, many of whom fled.cite web | title= Col. John Hathorn's Official Report | year = 1779 | url= http://www.albertwisnerlibrary.org/~wisner/Factsandhistory/History/Minisink.htm | accessmonthday= July 12 | accessyear= 2006] Separated from the main unit and with his forces scattered, Hathorn was unable to regroup his men for a counterattack. He was forced to retreat, leaving Tusten and the Goshen militia surrounded and outnumbered.cite web | title=Col. John Hathorn's Official Report | year = 1779 | url= http://www.albertwisnerlibrary.org/~wisner/Factsandhistory/History/Minisink.htm | accessmonthday= July 12 | accessyear= 2006] After several hours of continuous volleys, insufficient ammunition and close quarters caused the battle to devolve into hand-to-hand combat, at which the Iroquois excelled. At least 45 militiamen were killed, including Tusten himself. 1 rebel {Captain Wood} was captured. Brant's force, on the other hand, is believed to have lost only about seven men.cite web | title= Last Stand on the Rocky Hill|author=Minisink Valley Historical Society| year = 2004 | url= http://www.minisink.org/minisinkbattle.html| accessmonthday= July 12 | accessyear= 2006] {Brant wrote of his casualites that 3 were killed and of the 10 wounded, 4 were dangerously wounded and possibly could not survive}. Although badly wounded, Hathorn survived, returning to Warwick to write his report of the loss to his superiors.

Outcome

After the battle, Brant and his men forded the Delaware and continued back to the ruins of Oquaga. [Kelsay, pg. 252] The raid failed to disrupt the Sullivan Campaign and three weeks later, the Continental Army sent 3,000 troops into upstate New York, destroying every Iroquois village in their path. Brant finally met his defeat in late August, at the Battle of Newtown.

The town of Goshen was unable to bury its dead for 43 years, as the battlefield was too distant and the way too dangerous. Some of the soldiers' widows attempted the trip, but were forced to turn back. In 1822, a committee was formed to travel to the battlefield and comb the area for remains. The few bones recovered were buried in a mass grave, first in Barryville and later moved to the village of Goshen.cite news | title= Remembering the battle at Minisink|author=Hulse, David|publisher =The River Reporter| year = 2004| url= http://www.riverreporter.com/issues/04-07-15/feature.html| accessdate= 2006-07-12] A stone obelisk was erected for the centennial of the battle, engraved with the names of the dead. [cite web | title= Inscriptions on the Monument in the Church Yard at Goshen | year = 2005 | url=http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/county/orange/history/ghc23.htm| accessmonthday= July 12 | accessyear= 2006]

In 1847, a burial was discovered in Lackawaxen, Pennsylvania that is believed to be the remains of a casualty of the Battle of Minisink. The site now serves as a memorial tomb for unknown Revolutionary War soldiers. [cite news | title= Minisink battle a Revolutionary part of history|author=Gardner, Jessica| year = 2001 |publisher =Times Herald Record| url=http://www.recordonline.com/archive/2001/07/23/minisink.htm| accessdate= 2006-07-12]

Today, the site of the battle is a park and historic landmark in Sullivan County. There are no man-made structures contemporary to the battle, but the park contains several trails, monuments, picnic areas, and a visitors' center.

Footnotes

References

* Graymont, Barbara, "The Iroquois in the American Revolution", 1972, ISBN 0-8156-0083-6
* Kelsay, Isabel, "Joseph Brant 1743-1807 Man of Two Worlds", 1984, ISBN 0-8156-0182-4

External links

* [http://www.minisink.org/minisinkbattlemap.jpgMinisink battle map]
* [http://home.earthlink.net/~sussex_nj_history/id11.html accounts of Battle]
* [http://www.fort-plank.com/Non_Mohawk_Val_Pens_N_Z.html account of battle]