Tineidae

Tineidae
Adult European Grain Moth (Nemapogon granella: Nemapogoninae) from Graz (Austria)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Suborder:	Glossata
Infraorder:	Heteroneura
Division:	Ditrysia
Superfamily:	Tineoidea
Family:	Tineidae Latreille, 1810
Type genus
Tinea Linnaeus, 1758
Subfamilies
Dryadaulinae Erechthiinae Euplocaminae Hapsiferinae Harmacloninae Hieroxestinae Meessiinae Myrmecozelinae Nemapogoninae Perissomasticinae Scardiinae Setomorphinae Siloscinae Stathmopolitinae Teichobiinae Tineinae and see text

Tineidae is a family of moths in the order Lepidoptera. Collectively, they are known as fungus moths or tineid moths. The family contains considerably more than 3,000 species in over 300 genera. Most of the tineid moths are small or medium-sized, with wings held roofwise over the body at rest. They are particularly common in the Palaearctic, but many occur elsewhere, and some are found very widely as introduced species.

Tineids are unusual among Lepidoptera as the larvae of only a very small number of species feed on living plants, the majority feeding on fungi, lichens and detritus. The most familiar members of the family are the clothes moths, which have adapted to feeding on stored fabrics. The most widespread such species are the Common Clothes Moth (Tineola bisselliella), the Case-bearing Clothes Moth (Tinea pellionella) and the Carpet Moth (Trichophaga tapetzella); the Brown-dotted Clothes Moth (Niditinea fuscella) despite its name preferentially feeds on feathers in bird nests.

One remarkable genus is Ceratophaga, whose members feed exclusively on pure keratin in the form of the horns and hooves of dead mammals and even the shells of dead tortoises.

Systematics

Subfamilies and notable genera

Some species are also listed; for others see genus accounts.

Dryadaulinae Brachydoxa Dryadaula Erechthiinae Anastathma Callicerastis Comodica Erechthias Mecomodica Petula Phthinocola Pisistrata Pontodryas Thuriostoma Euplocaminae Euplocamus

Hapsiferinae Agorarcha Briaraula Callocosmeta Chrysocrata Cimitra Colobocrossa Cubitofusa Cynomastix Dasyses Hapsifera Hapsiferona Paraptica Parochmastis Phyciodyta Pitharcha Rhinophyllis Tiquadra Trachycentra Zygosignata

Harmacloninae Harmaclona Micrerethista

Hieroxestinae Amphixystis Archemitra Asymplecta Kermania Mitrogona Oinophila Opogona Phaeoses Phruriastis Wegneria

Meessiinae

Afrocelestis Agnathosia Agoraula Augolychna Bathroxena Clinograptis Diachorisia Doleromorphia Drimylastis Emblematodes Epactris Eudarcia

Galachrysis Homosetia Homostinea Hybroma Infurcitinea Ischnoscia Isocorypha Leucomele Lichenotinea Matratinea Mea Meneessia

Montetinea Nannotinea Novotinea Oenoe Oxylychna Pompostolella Protodarcia Stenoptinea Tenaga Trissochyta Unilepidotricha Xeringinia

Myrmecozelinae

Ateliotum Analytarcha Anemallota Aphimallota Cephimallota Cephitinea Cinnerethica Contralissa Coryptilum Criticonoma Dicanica Dinica Drosica Ellochotis Endromarmata Euagophleps Exoplisis

Gerontha Haplotinea (tentatively placed here) Ippa Ischnuridia Janseana Machaeropteris Mesopherna Metapherna Mimoscopa Moerarchis Myrmecozela

Pachyarthra Pararhodobates Phthoropoea Platysceptra Propachyarthra Rhodobates Sarocrania Scalmatica Timaea Tineovertex Tracheloteina

Nemapogoninae Archinemapogon Gaedikeia Hyladaula Nemapogon Nemaxera Neurothaumasia Peritrana Triaxomasia Triaxomera Vanna Perissomasticinae Cylicobathra Ectabola Edosa Hyperbola Neoepiscardia Perissomastix Phalloscardia Theatrochora Scardiinae Afroscardia Amorophaga Bythocrates Cnismorectis Coniastis Cranaodes Daviscardia Diataga Dorata Montescardia Montescardia tessulatellus Morophaga Scardia

Setomorphinae Lindera Prosetomorpha Setomorpha Siloscinae Autochthonus Organodesma Silosca Stathmopolitinae Stathmopolitis Teichobiinae Dinochora Ectropoceros Psychoides

Tineinae

Acridotarsa Anomalotinea Asymphyla Ceratobia Ceratophaga Ceratuncus Crypsithyris Crypsithyrodes Eccritothrix Elatobia Enargocrasis Eremicola Graphicoptila Hippiochaetes

Kangerosithyris Lipomerinx Metatinea Miramonopis Monopis Nearolyma Niditinea Ocnophilella Phereoeca Praeacedes Pringleophaga Proterodesma Proterospastis

Reisserita Stemagoris Tetrapalpus Thomintarra Tinea Tinemelitta Tineola Tineomigma Trichophaga Tryptodema Wyoma Xerantica

Genera incertae sedis

These fungus moths have not been assigned to a subfamily with a reasonable amount of certainty:

Acanthocheira Acritotilpha Afghanotinea Amathyntis Ancystrocheira Antigambra Antipolistes Apreta Archyala Argyrocorys Astrogenes Axiagasta Barymochtha Basanasca Bascantis Brithyceros Catalectis Catapsilothrix Cataxipha Catazetema Cervaria Chionoreas Clepticodes Colpocrita Compsocrita Cosmeombra Cryphiotechna Crypsitricha Cubotinea Cycloponympha (often placed in Lyonetiidae) Dasmophora Dolerothera

Drastea (often placed in Acrolophidae) Dyotopasta Ecpeptamena Endeixis Endophthora Ephedroxena Episyrta Eriozancla Erysimaga Eschatotypa Eucrotala Eugennaea Euprora Exonomasis Glaucostolella Gourbia Graphidivalva Habrophila Hapalothyma Harmotona Hecatompeda Heloscopa (often placed in Oecophoridae) Heterostasis Hilaroptera Histiovalva Homalopsycha Homodoxus Hoplocentra Hyalaula Hypoplesia Leptonoma

Lepyrotica Leucophasma Liopycnas Lithopsaestis Lysiphragma Lysitona Marmaroxena Melodryas Merunympha Miarotagmata Minicorona Monachoptilas Mythoplastis Nesophylacella Nonischnoscia Nothogenes Nyctocyrmata Ochetoxena Ogmocoma Orocrypsona Otochares Oxymachaeris Pachydyta Panthytarcha Pedaliotis Pelecystola Peristactis Petasactis Pezetaera Philagraulella Phryganeopsis Plaesiostola Plemyristis Polypsecta Probatostola

Proboloptila Protagophleps Protaphreutis Prothinodes Psecadioides Pyloetis Randominta Ranohira Rungsiodes Sagephora Scardia Sciomystis Setiarcha Sphecioses Stryphnodes Syncraternis Syngeneta Syrmologa Taeniodictys (often placed in Lyonetiidae) Tephrosara Tetanostola Thallostoma Thisizima Thomictis Thyrsochares Tomara Trachyrrhopala Trachytyla Transmixta Trichearias Trierostola Trithamnora Xylesthia Xystrologa Zonochares Zymologa

Fossil record

• †Architinea Rebel, 1934
  • †Architinea balticella Rebel, 1934
  • †Architinea sepositella Rebel, 1934
• †Dysmasiites Kusnezov, 1941
  • †Dysmasiites carpenteri Kusnezov, 1941
• †Electromeessia Kozlov, 1987
  • †Electromeessia zagulijaevi Kozlov, 1987 (Baltic region, Eocene Amber)
• †Glessoscardia Kusnezov, 1941
  • †Glessoscardia gerasimovi Kusnezov, 1941
• †Martynea Kusnezov, 1941
  • †Martynea rebeli Kusnezov, 1941
• †Monopibaltia Skalski, 1974
  • †Monopibaltia ignitella Skalski, 1974 (Baltic region, Eocene Amber)
• †Palaeoinfurcitinea Kozlov, 1987
  • †Palaeoinfurcitinea rohdendorfi Kozlov, 1987 (Russia, Eocene Amber)
• †Palaeoscardiites Kusnezov, 1941
  • †Palaeoscardiites mordvilkoi Kusnezov, 1941
• †Palaeotinea Kozlov, 1987
  • †Palaeotinea rasnitsyni Kozlov, 1987
• †Paratriaxomasia Jarzembowski, 1980
  • †Paratriaxomasia solentensis Jarzembowski, 1980
• †Proscardiites Kusnezov, 1941
  • †Proscardiites martynovi Kusnezov, 1941
• †Pseudocephitinea Kozlov, 1987
  • †Pseudocephitinea svetlanae Kozlov, 1987 (Russia, Eocene Amber)
• †Scardiites Kusnezov, 1941
  • †Scardiites meyricki Kusnezov, 1941
• †Simulotenia Skalski, 1977
  • †Simulotenia intermedia Skalski, 1977
• †Tillyardinea Kusnezov, 1941
  • †Tillyardinea eocaenica Kusnezov, 1941
• Tinea Linnaeus, 1758
  • †Tinea antique Rebel, 1822
• †Tineitella Fletcher, 1940
  • †Tineitella crystalli Kawall, 1876 (originally in Tineites)
  • †Tineitella sucinacius Kozlov, 1987 (originally in Tineites)
• †Tineolamima Rebel, 1934
  • †Tineolamima aurella Rebel, 1934
• †Tineosemopsis Skalski, 1974
  • †Tineosemopsis decurtatus Skalski, 1974

Key works

Palearctic Region

• Dugdale, J.S., 1988. Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue and keys of family-group taxa. Fauna of New Zealand, 14: 1-262.
• Gaedike, R. 1983. Zur Kenntnis der paläarktischen Tineiden Die Gattung Infurcitinea Spuler, 1910 (Lepidoptera). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden, 46: 121-150.
• Gaedike, R. 1985. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der paläarktischen Tineiden: Gattung Obesoceras Petersen, 1957 (Lepidoptera). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden, 48: 167-181.
• Hinton, H.E. 1956. The larvae of the species of Tineidae of economic importance. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 47: 251-346.
• Leraut, P., 1985. Mise a jour de la liste des Tineides de la faune de France. Entomologica Gallica, 1(4): 319-325.
• Petersen, G. 1957-8. Die Genitalien der paläarktischen Tineiden. Beiträge zur Entomologie, 7: 55-176, 338-380, 557-595; 8: 111-118, 398-430.
• Robinson, G.S. 1979. Clothes-moths of the Tinea pellionella complex: a revision of the world's species (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 38: 57-128, figs 1-103.
• Zagulajev, A.K. 1960. Tineidae; part 3 - subfamily Tineinae. [In Russian.] Fauna SSSR, 78: 1-267, 231 figs, 3 pls. [Translation, 1975, New Delhi.]
• Zagulajev, A.K. 1964. Tineidae; part 2 - subfamily Nemapogoninae. [In Russian.] Fauna SSSR, 86: 1-424, 385 figs, 1 pl. [Translation, 1968, Jerusalem.]
• Zagulajev, A.K. 1973. Tineidae; part 4 - subfamily Scardiinae. [In Russian.] Fauna SSSR, 104: 1-126, 99 figs, 2 pls.
• Zagulajev, A.K. 1975. Tineidae; part 5 - subfamily Myrmecozelinae. [In Russian.] Fauna SSSR, 108: 1-426, 319 figs, 8 pls. [Translation, 1988, New Delhi.]
• Zagulajev, A.K. 1979. Tineidae; part 6 - subfamily Meessiinae. [In Russian.] Fauna SSSR, 119: 1-409.
• Zagulajev A K. 1988 English translation (original 1975). Clothes Moths (Tineidae) (English translation of Nastoyaschie Moli (Tineidae)).Akademiya Nauk SSSr, Zoologicheskii Institut, New series No. 108

References

• Darby, Gene (1958). What is a Butterfly. Chicago: Benefic Press. p. 43. 
• Global Taxonomic Database of Tineidae
• Common Clothes Moth
• A Caterpillar that Eats Tortoise Shells
• Tineid of Korea
• Fauna Europaea