Tim Flannery

]

Flannery is also the chairman of the Copenhagen Climate Council, an international climate change awareness group. [Copenhagen Climate Council (2008). [http://copenhagenclimatecouncil.com/index.php/tim-flannery-chairman Tim Flannery] . Retrieved May 17, 2008.]

Scientist

In 1985, Flannery earned a doctorate at the University of New South Wales for his work on the evolution of macropods. Prior to this, he completed a bachelors degree at La Trobe University and a masters degree in earth sciences at Monash University.

Flannery held various academic positions throughout his career including Professor at the University of Adelaide, director of the South Australian Museum in Adelaide, Principal Research Scientist at the Australian Museum, Visiting Chair in Australian Studies at Harvard University, and an adviser on environmental issues to the Australian Federal Parliament. He holds bachelor degrees in English and Earth Science, a doctorate in Palaeontology, and has contributed to over 90 scientific papers.

In 2007, he took up a role within the Climate Risk Concentration of Research Excellence at Macquarie University.

Mammalogist

Flannery's early research concerned the evolution of mammals in Australasia. As part of his doctoral studies, he described 29 new kangaroo species including 11 new genera and three new subfamilies. In the 1990s, Flannery published "The Mammals Of New Guinea" (Cornell Press) and "Prehistoric Mammals Of Australia and New (Johns Hopkins Press), the most comprehensive reference works on the subjects. Through the 1990s, Flannery surveyed the mammals of Melanesia – discovering 16 new species – and took a leading role in conservation efforts there. [cite web
title = The Future Eaters: About Tim Flannery
publisher = ABC Television
date = 1998
url = http://www.abc.net.au/science/future/abouttim.htm
accessdate = 2007-04-10 ]

Flannery's work prompted Sir David Attenborough to describe him as being "in the league of the all-time great explorers like Dr. David Livingstone". [cite web
title = Penguin UK Authors: About Tim Flannery
publisher = Penguin Books
url = http://www.penguin.co.uk/nf/Author/AuthorPage/0,,0_1000056817,00.html?sym=BIO
accessdate = 2007-04-10 ]

Palaeontologist

In 1980, Flannery discovered dinosaur fossils on the southern coast of Victoria and in 1985 had a role in the groundbreaking discovery of Cretaceous mammal fossils in Australia. This latter find extended the Australian mammal fossil record back 80 million years. During the 1980s, Flannery described most of the known Pleistocene megafaunal species in New Guinea as well as the fossil record of the phalangerids, a family of possums. [cite web
title = The Future Eaters: About Tim Flannery
publisher = ABC Television
date = 1998
url = http://www.abc.net.au/science/future/abouttim.htm
accessdate = 2007-04-10 ]

Activist

Despite his scientific achievements, it's as an environmental activist that Flannery has achieved prominence. His advocacy on two issues in particular, population levels and carbon emissions, culminated in being named Australian of the Year at a time when the environment had reached the forefront of public debate in Australia.

Population and land use

In 1994, Flannery published "The Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People". The controversial bestseller covered the impact of humans on the natural environment in Australia and New Zealand. Flannery argued that firestick farming, carried out by Australian Aborigines over thousands of years, had drastically reshaped the continent's ecology. He further argued that European settlers had, in addition to introducing unsustainable agricultural practices, intensified bushfires by effectively ending the practice of firestick farming. [cite web
title = The Future Eaters
publisher = ABC Television
date = 1998
url = http://www.abc.net.au/science/future/theses/theses.htm
accessdate = 2007-04-10 ]

Both arguments are hotly contested. Still more controversially, Flannery recommended that ideally, Australia's population should be as few as 6 million (less than a third of its current level) and that European-imported livestock be phased out in favour of native species such as emus, kangaroos and crocodiles. [cite web
last = Kelly
first = Karina
title = A Chat with Tim Flannery on Population Control
work = "Quantum"
publisher = ABC Television
date = 1995-09-13
url = http://www.abc.net.au/quantum/info/q95-19-5.htm
accessdate = 2007-04-10 ]

"The Future Eaters" enjoyed strong sales and critical acclaim. "Flannery tells his beautiful story in plain language," Redmond O'Hanlon, a Times Literary Supplement correspondent wrote of the book, describing it as "science popularising at its antipodean best." Fellow activist David Suzuki praised Flannery's "powerful insight into our current destructive path." Some experts disagreed with Flannery's thesis, however, noting that his broad-based approach, ranging across multiple disciplines, ignored counter-evidence and was overly simplistic. [cite web
title = The Future Eaters
publisher = ABC Television
date = 1998
url = http://www.abc.net.au/science/future/theses/theses.htm
accessdate = 2007-04-10 ]

"The Future Eaters" was made into a documentary series for ABC Television and the book was republished in late 2002.

Acclimatisation

In his "The Future Eaters", Flannery was quite critical about the Australia's European settlers practice of introducing non-native wild animals into the continent's ecosystem. At the same time, he suggested that if one wanted to reproduce, in some parts of Australia, the ecosystems that existed there ca. 60,000 years ago (before the arrival of the humans on the continent), it may be necessary to introduce into Australia, in a thoughtful and careful way, some non-native species that would be the closest substitutes to the continent's lost megafauna. In particular, the Komodo dragon can be brought into Australia as a replacement for its extinct relative, Megalania, "the largest goanna of all time". Tasmanian devil can also be allowed to re-settle the mainland Australia from its Tasmanian refuge area. [Tim Flannery, "The Future Eaters", pp. 384-385. ISBN 0802139434]

Carbon emissions

In "The Weather Makers: The History & Future Impact of Climate Change", Flannery outlines the science behind anthropogenic climate change. "With great scientific advances being made every month, this book is necessarily incomplete," Flannery writes, but "That should not, however, be used as an excuse for inaction. We know enough to act wisely."

Concepts outlined in the book include:

* That a failure to act on climate change may eventually force the creation of a global carbon dictatorship, which he calls the "Earth Commission for Thermostatic Control", to regulate carbon use across all industries and nations - a level of governmental intrusion that Flannery describes as "very undesirable" [cite web
title = Hurricanes can be tied to climate change
first = Tony
last = Jones
work = "Lateline"
publisher = "ABC Television"
date = 2005-09-26
url = http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2005/s1468878.htm
accessdate = 2007-04-10 ] ; and

* the establishment of "Geothermia" - a new city at the NSW-South Australia-Queensland border - to take advantage of the location's abundance of natural gas reserves and solar energy. Flannery argues that such a city could be completely energy self-sufficient, and would be a model for future city development worldwide. Of the city project, Flannery told "The Bulletin" that "I know it's radical but we have no choice".

The book won international acclaim. Bill Bryson concluded that "It would be hard to imagine a better or more important book." "The Weather Makers" was honoured in 2006 as 'Book of the Year' at the New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards. [cite web
title = The Weather Makers: All About the Book
publisher = Text Publishing
date = 2006
url = http://www.theweathermakers.com/weathermakers/
accessdate = 2007-04-10 ]

Flannery's work in raising the profile of environmental issues was key to his being named Australian of the Year in 2007. Awarding the prize, former Prime Minister John Howard said that the scientist "has encouraged Australians into new ways of thinking about our environmental history and future ecological challenges." [cite web
title = Climate change crusader is Australian of the Year
publisher = "The West Australian"
date = 2007-01-25
url = http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=145&ContentID=19672
accessdate = 2007-04-10 ]

That said, Howard – along with many others – remains unconvinced as to Flannery's proposed solutions. Flannery joined calls for the shutdown of conventional coal burning in Australia in the medium term, on which the country relies for most of its electricity. Flannery claims that conventional coal burning will lose its social license to operate, as has asbestos. [cite web
title = Coal will be the new asbestos, says Flannery
publisher = "The Sydney Morning Herald"
date = 2007-02-09
url = http://www.smh.com.au/news/environment/coal-will-be-the-new-asbestos-says-flannery/2007/02/08/1170524236625.html
accessdate = 2007-04-10 ]

About clean coal, Tim Flannery has said: [ [http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,21225432-661,00.html "Coal Can't Be Clean - Flannery"] , "Melbourne Herald Sun", February 14, 2007.]

Though Flannery has the ear of South Australian Premier Mike Rann in his role as a climate change advisor. Tim Flannery is a member of the Queensland Climate Change Council established by the Queensland Minister for Sustainability, Climate Change and Innovation Andrew McNamara.

In contrast to much of the environment movement, Flannery is also supportive of nuclear power. [cite web
first = Julie-Anne
last = Davies
title = Dr Flannery, I presume
publisher = "The Bulletin"
date = 2007-02-23
url = http://bulletin.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=228258
accessdate = 2007-04-10 ]

More recently, Flannery appears to have changed his view on nuclear power. In May 2007 he was reported to have told a business gathering in Sydney that while nuclear energy does have a role elsewhere in the world, Australia's abundance of renewable resources rule out the need for nuclear power in the near term. He does however feel that Australia should and will have to supply its uranium to those other countries that do not have access to renewables like Australia. [ [http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/nuclear-power-a-turnoff-flannery-changes-stance/2007/05/22/1179601413336.html Nuclear power a turn-off: Flannery changes stance - Environment - smh.com.au ] ] In May 2008 Flannery created controversy by suggesting that sulphur be pumped into the atmosphere [http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,23727398-953,00.html] in order to cause the Earth to cool.

Sustainable whaling

When, in the concluding chapters of "The Future Eaters" (1994), Flannery discusses how to "utilise our few renewable in the least destructive way", he remarks that : "A far better situation for conservation in Australia would result from a policy which allows exploitation of "all" of our biotic heritage, provided that it all be done "in a sustainable manner". ... [I] f it is possible to harvest for example, 10 mountain pygmy-possums (Burramys parvus) or 10 southern right whales (Balaena glacialis) per year, why should we not do it? ... Is it more moral to kill and consume a whale, without cost to the environment, than to live as a vegetarian in Australia, destroying seven kilograms of irreplaceable soil, ... for each kilogram of bread we consume?" [Tim Flannery, "The Future Eaters", pp. 402-403. ISBN 0802139434]

In late 2007, Flannery suggested that the Japanese whaling involving the relatively common Minke Whale is sustainable:

: "In terms of sustainability, you can't be sure that the Japanese whaling is entirely unsustainable... It's hard to imagine that the whaling would lead to a new decline in population" [http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,22987914-5001021,00.html Flannery says whaling is OK.] The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 2008-01-02]

This raised concerns among some scientists, and environmental groups such as Greenpeace, fearing it could add fuel to the Japanese wish of continuing its annual cull. In contrast to his stance on the Minke Whale quota, Flannery has expressed relief over the dumping of the quota of the rarer Humpback Whale, and further was worried how whales were slaughtered, wishing them to be "killed as humanely a possible". [http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/news/national/flannery-worried-about-small-fish-not-big-whale-culls/2007/12/31/1198949702750.html Flannery worried about small fish, not big whale culls.] Brisbane Times. Retrieved on 2008-01-02] Flannery suggested that krill and other small crustaceans, the primary food source for many large whales and an essential part of the marine food chain, were of greater concern than the Japanese whaling.

Bibliography

*Tim Flannery (1990 - revised 1995), "Mammals of New Guinea", ISBN 0 7301 0411 7
*Tim Flannery (1994), "The Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People", ISBN 0-8021-3943-4 ISBN 0-7301-0422-2
*Tim Flannery (1995), "Mammals of the South-West Pacific & Moluccan Islands", ISBN 0-7301-0417-6
*Tim Flannery (1998), , ISBN 1-876485-19-1
*Tim Flannery (2001), "The Eternal Frontier: An Ecological History of North America and its Peoples", ISBN 0-8021-3888-8
*Tim Flannery & Peter Schouten (2001), "A Gap in Nature", ISBN 1-876485-77-9
*Tim Flannery & Peter Schouten (2004), "Astonishing Animals", ISBN 1-920885-21-8
*Tim Flannery (2005), "Country: a continent, a scientist & a kangaroo", ISBN 1-920885-76-5
*Tim Flannery (2006), "", ISBN 1-920885-84-6
*Tim Flannery (2007). "Chasing Kangaroos: A Continent, a Scientist, and a Search for the World's Most Extraordinary Creature", ISBN 978-0802118523

In addition, Flannery has edited and introduced:
*"The Birth of Melbourne", ISBN 1-877008-89-3
*"The Birth of Sydney", ISBN 1-876485-45-0
*"The Explorers", ISBN 1-876485-22-1
*Watkin Tench, "1788", ISBN 1-875847-27-8
*"Terra Australis, Matthew Flinders' Great Adventures in the Circumnavigation of Australia", ISBN 1-876485-92-2
*John Morgan, "The Life and Adventures of William Buckley", ISBN 1-877008-20-6
*John Nicol, "Life and Adventures: 1776-1801", ISBN 1-875847-41-3
*Joshua Slocum, "Sailing Alone Around the World", ISBN 1-877008-57-5

References

External links

* [http://www.theweathermakers.com/ "The Weather Makers" book website]
* [http://www.rmit.edu.au/appliedcommunication/publiclectures Tim Flannery lecture online, RMIT School of Applied Communication Public Lecture series]
* [http://www.australianoftheyear.gov.au/pages/page22.asp National Australia Day Council - Australian of the Year 2007]
* [http://www.arts.nsw.gov.au/awards/LiteraryAwards/2006%20awards/2006winnersjudgescom.htm#glee NSW Ministry for the Arts - NSW Premier's Literary Awards Winners]
* [http://ourworldinbalance.blogspot.com/2007/10/story-of-tim-flannery.html The Story of Tim Flannery] by Our World in Balance
* [http://www.latrobe.edu.au/news/opinions-2008/opinion-jul3108.html A talk with Tim Flannery] podcast interview with La Trobe University, 27th July 2008.

Video

* [http://www.themonthly.com.au/tm/node/1240 Speech by Tim Flannery: 'A Vision for Australian Sustainability'] on [http://www.slowtv.com.au SlowTV] September, 2008
* [http://www.twenty.uts.edu.au/streaming/vod-tf/ Address from Professor Tim Flannery] at "University of Technology, Sydney", recording of live speech, May 22, 2008
* [http://www.cbc.ca/thehour/video.php?id=1502 Tim Flannery interview] on "The Hour" with George Stroumboulopoulos
* [http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07/10/25/1454240 Tim Flannery interview] on "Democracy Now!" program, October 25, 2007