Chilean Australian

Chilean Australian

Notable Chilean Australians: clockwise: Chris Watson, Peggy Antonio, Nick Carle
Total population
Chilean 33,626 (by ancestry, 2006) [1] 23,305 (by birth, 2006).[2]
Regions with significant populations
Sydney (2006 est.) 10,909 Melbourne (2006 est.) 6,530
Languages
English and Spanish
Religion
· Roman Catholic (Predominantly) · Protestant · Evangelical · Jewish  · Atheist  · Agnostic
Related ethnic groups
Spaniard, German, South American

Chilean Australians are Australians of Chilean descent or Chileans who have obtained Australian citizenship. In Australia, Chilean Australians are the biggest group of Latin American origin residing in the nation. The biggest Chilean Australian communities are primarily found in Sydney and Melbourne. With one out of three Chileans living in the western suburbs of Sydney.^[3]

Demography

According to the 2006 Australian Census, 23,305 Australians were born in Chile^[2] while 25,439 claimed Chilean ancestry, either alone or with another ancestry.^[4] However the ancestry figure may not accurately represent the Chilean-Australian population, since persons of Chilean descent often chose to identify with other, sometimes older ancestries. The Australian 2001 Census reports that 63% of Chilean-born respondents nominated their leading ancestry as Spaniard, while others nominated a Croatian (19%), German (8%), Italian (6%) or English (4%) ancestry.^[5]

The largest Chilean Australian communities are in Sydney (10,909 residents, 2006 Census result)^[6] and Melbourne (6,530).^[7]

A Chilean government study conducted by the Chilean National Institute of Statistics in 2003-04 and published in 2005 found that 33,626 first and second generation Chileans were living in Australia. This figure was gathered by combining the population reported in the 2001 Australian Census and the National Registry for Chileans living abroad.^[8][9][10] One 2006 estimate of Chilean-Australians, including third-generation, is as high as 45,000.^[11]

History

In 1837 two Chileans arrived in Sydney, the first on record in Australia. One was former Chilean president Ramón Freire, exiled from Chile after attempting to re-take power in a coup. He did not settle in Australia, however, but eventually returned to his homeland.^[12] Chilean migration to Australia occurred at different times from the late 19th century and throughout the 20th century. The first Labour Party Prime Minister of Australia, Chris Watson, was born in Valparaíso, Chile the son of a Chilean citizen of German descent.^[13] Chilean people first arrived in great numbers in late 1970s and 1980s, mostly in exile as a result of the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet (1973 - 1989). Migration studies demonstrate that late 20th century Chilean migration to Australia occurred in three distinguishable waves.^[11] In the 1960s, especially between the years 1968-70, around 1,500-2,000 Chileans arrived in Australia as a consequence of the economic recession produced during the government of Eduardo Frei Montalva, and the high level of unemployment at the termination of his administration. The majority of these people were middle class and well educated, and their migration can be seen to have an economic basis.

The second significant group to arrive was likely motivated by the presidential election of Salvador Allende in 1970. Allende was the world's first democratically-elected Marxist President of any nation.^[14] His ascension to the presidency provoked a high level of uncertainty amongst the wealthy, given his stated platform of nationalisation of mining, industry, and services. The political and economic unrest that followed prompted many Chileans to flee the threat of political and social instability. This group was, again, overwhelmingly middle class, with sufficient resources (education and finance) to establish themselves as small business operators within Australia. By 1971, 3,760 Chilean-born people were registered in Australia. In this group arrived laser physicist and author F. J. Duarte who became the first South American to graduate with a Ph.D. from an Australian university, and leader of the Macquarie science reform movement.

The third distinguishable wave of immigration to Australia was the greatest in number by far, and was characterised in large part by those Chileans fleeing their homeland as a consequence of political events following the 1973 military coup and subsequent military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.

This wave of Chilean migrants was quite homogeneous, comprised in the majority by skilled workers, and at times, their families. The middle class were represented only in the minority here. Political elitists and intellectuals from the left were also small in numbers, due to their preference for Western Europe and socialist nations in Latin America. Former Chilean president Michelle Bachelet briefly lived in Australia with family already present in the country after the coup of 1973 later moving to East Germany.^[15][16]

Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship over Chile lasted until 1990. During his regime more than 500,000 Chileans fled the country,^[17] 21,029 of whom sought sanctuary in Australia. However, several thousand have and are still returning to Chile from all over the world as the economy boom of the country has prospered, granting a quality of life often superior to the countries that once received them as exiles.

List of notable Chilean Australians

name	Born - Died	Notable for	Connection with Australia	Connection with Chile
Peggy Antonio	1917–2002	Australian women's Test cricketer	born, lived and died in Australia	father was a Chilean of French and Spanish descent
Nick Carle	1981 -	Australian football (soccer) player	born Australia	of Chilean descent[18]
Jose Romero	1971-	Australian rules footballer	lived in Australia	born in Chile
Patrick Torres	1992-	Australian football (soccer) player	born in Australia	of Chilean descent
Rodrigo Vargas	1978-	Australian football (soccer) player	born in Australia	of Chilean descent[19]
Chris Watson	1867–1941	3rd Prime Minister of Australia	moved to Sydney, Australia, in 1886, i.e. at age 19 (from New Zealand)	Watson's father was a Chilean citizen of German descent and Watson was born in Valparaíso, Chile

See also

• Hispanic
• Latino
• Latin American Australian

References

1. ^ "20680-Ancestry (full classification list) by Sex - Australia" (Microsoft Excel download). Chile Somos Todos. Chile Somos Todos. http://www.chilesomostodos.gov.cl/descargas/cat_view/50-registro-de-chilenos.html. Retrieved 2008-05-19. 
2. ^ ^{a b} "20680-Country of Birth of Person (full classification list) by Sex - Australia" (Microsoft Excel download). 2006 Census. Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?action=404&documentproductno=0&documenttype=Details&order=1&tabname=Details&areacode=0&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=POLTD&&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Country%20of%20Birth%20of%20Person%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&topic=Birthplace&. Retrieved 2008-05-27. 
3. ^ Jupp, James (2001). The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins. Cambridge University Press. pp. pages 195–7. ISBN 0-521-80789-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=wgoFxfSTfYAC&pg=PA195&vq=Chileans&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1_1&sig=_pbONHUC4ypwWReBQogfxeAWwPc. Retrieved 2008-05-17. 
4. ^ "20680-Ancestry (full classification list) by Sex - Australia" (Microsoft Excel download). 2006 Census. Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?breadcrumb=POLTD&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&subaction=-1&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&documentproductno=0&textversion=false&documenttype=Details&collection=Census&javascript=true&topic=Ancestry&action=404&productlabel=Ancestry%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&order=1&period=2006&tabname=Details&areacode=0&navmapdisplayed=true&. Retrieved 2008-05-19. 
5. ^ "4102.0 - Australian Social Trends, 2003 : Population characteristics: Ancestry of Australia's population". Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/7d12b0f6763c78caca257061001cc588/af5129cb50e07099ca2570eb0082e462!OpenDocument. Retrieved 2008-05-19. "On the other hand, people arriving in Australia from the same birthplace may have different ethnic and cultural affiliations. For example, the ancestries of East Timor-born people living in Australia were Chinese (61%), Timorese (40%) and Portuguese (10%). Of people born in New Zealand, 14% stated Maori as their ancestry, while English (52%) and New Zealander (21%) were the most common responses. As with those born in New Zealand and Australia, ancestries given by those born in some other countries often include a national ancestry and one associated with a colonial power. Thus, a large proportion of those born in Chile reported their ancestry as Chilean (63%), but Spanish was also relatively common (29%)." 
6. ^ 20680-Country of Birth of Person (full classification list) by Sex - Sydney
7. ^ 20680-Country of Birth of Person (full classification list) by Sex - Melbourne
8. ^ (Spanish) http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/chilenos_exterior/registro_chilenos_exterior.pdf
9. ^ (Spanish)http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias/site/artic/20050816/pags/20050816125322.html
10. ^ (Spanish) http://www.chile.com/tpl/articulo/detalle/ver.tpl?cod_articulo=68730
11. ^ ^{a b} "Chilean Immigration". Chilean Community. Embassy of Chile in Australia. 2006-06-02. http://www.embachile-australia.com/en/community/migration.html. Retrieved 2008-05-19. 
12. ^ Origins: History of immigration from Chile - Immigration Museum, Melbourne Australia
13. ^ Watson, John Christian (Chris) (1867 - 1941) Biographical Entry - Australian Dictionary of Biography Online
14. ^ BBC - h2g2 - 11 September, 1973 - The Day Democracy Died in Chile
15. ^ Reel, Monte (2006-03-12). "Bachelet Sworn In As Chile's President". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/11/AR2006031101381.html. Retrieved 2010-04-28. 
16. ^ Profile: Michelle Bachelet - International Herald Tribune
17. ^ Migration Information Source - Chile: Moving Towards a Migration Policy
18. ^ "Carle set for Bristol City move". BBC Sport. 2008-01-01. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/b/bristol_city/7167263.stm. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
19. ^ Tomarchio, Cameron (27 September 2007). "Musialik suspended for one game". foxsports.com.au. http://www.foxsports.com.au/story/0,8659,22493990-5013549,00.html. Retrieved 2008-06-02.