Sri Lankan Australian

Sri Lankan Australian refers to people of Sri Lankan heritage living in Australia. This includes at least three ethnic groups in Australia: Sinhalese, Tamils and Burghers. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics data, there is no self-identifying "Sri Lankan Australian" group. Persons linked to Sri Lanka self-identify as mainly "Sinhalese Australian", "Tamil Australian" or "Burgher". Most Sri Lankan Australians (indeed, most Sri Lankans in general, see Demographics of Sri Lanka) are Sinhalese.

Recorded Sri Lankan immigration to Australia started in 1816, with the transportation of Drum Major William O'Dean (a Malay) and his wife Eve (a Sinhalese). Early immigrants from Ceylon were generally - unlike the O'Deans - absorbed into the Aborigine population. Under the 'White Australia' policy, immigration was negligible. It resumed after the Second World War primarily involving migration of Burghers, who fulfilled the then criteria of that they should be of predominantly European Ancestry and that their appearance should be European. Sri Lankan students undertook courses in Australia as part of the Colombo Plan prior to the formal dismantling of the White Australia Policy, and after 1973, Sinhalese, Tamil and Moor migration resumed.

The number of Sri Lankan Australians, including the second-generation, counted in 1996 was 64,068. However, the actual figure is likely to be far higher, (perhaps twice as much) since Burgher Australians generally return themselves as of Dutch ancestry and, as such, cannot be separated out from statistical totals for Dutch Australians. The same applies to Sri Lankan people of other European, Eurasian and Malay origin. A calculation of the make-up of the Sri Lankan Australian population in 1991 estimated that Burghers were 47.9%, Sinhalese 26.2%, Tamils 18.7% and Moors 7.2%.Fact|date=May 2008

The census recorded 53,610 Sri Lanka-born in Australia, of which 36,410 gave their ethnicity as Sinhalese, 4,150 as Tamil, and 1,690 as Dutch (i.e., Burgher).Fact|date=May 2008

Singhalese Australian is the twenty-first largest ethnic group in Australia, numbering 58,602 or 0.3 % of respondents in the 2001 Census. According to census data released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2004, Singhalese Australians are, by religion, 29.7 % Catholic, 8.0 % Anglican, 9.9 Other Christian, 46.9 % Other Religions (mainly Buddhist), and 5.5 % No Religion.

Tamil Australian number 30,000 in the 2006 Census. [citeweb|url= http://murugan.org/research/kandiah.htm|title= Murukan worship in Australia|accessdate=2008-05-28 |format=html |work=Arumugam Kandiah] (This number also includes Tamils born in India and elsewhere). According to 1994 data, Tamil Australians are, by religion, 10.9 % Catholic, 4.1 % Anglican, 9.6 Other Christian, 73.1 % Other Religions (mainly Hindu), and 2.3 % No Religion.

Singhalese Australians have an exceptionally low rate of return migration to Sri Lanka. In December 2001, the Department of Foreign Affairs estimated that there were 800 Australian citizens resident in Sri Lanka. It is unclear whether these were returning Sri Lankan emigrants with Australian citizenship, their Sri Lankan Australian children, or other Australians present on business or for some other reason.

The city of Melbourne contains the plurality of Sri Lankan Australians - just under half. Fewer than 20% are estimated to live outside New South Wales and Victoria.

The rate of assimilation among Sri Lankan Australians is fairly high: among second-generation immigrants, the 'in-marriage' rate was extremely low - 5.6% for brides and 3.0% for grooms.

Baddaginnie, Victoria is named for the Sinhala word for 'hungry'.

List of notable Sri Lankan Australians

*David de Kretzer - Governor of Victoria
*Jamie Durie - Seven Network media personality
*Hon Siva Pasupathy - Former Attorney General of Sri Lanka
*Naren Chitty - Foundation Chair in International Communication at Macquarie University and former Sri Lankan diplomat
*Geoff Jansz - Nine Network TV chef
*Yasmine Gooneratne - author
*Cowdrey Zacky - IT Guru
*Kamahl - singer and actor (born Malaysia)
*Roshan Mahanama - cricketer
*Roshan Karunanayaka - cricketer
*Saliya Ahangama - cricketer and coach
*Ernest MacIntyre - playwright
*Keith Potger - musician, founder member of 'The Seekers'
*Robin Foenander- musician and broadcaster
*Cliff Foenander- deceased - leading musician with The Fabulous Echoes
*Dav Whatmore - coach of the Sri Lanka and Bangladesh cricket teams
*Michael Bevan - cricketer
* Siri Gamage -academic,educator, writer and commentator
* Laksiri Jayasuriya - Emeritus Professor, UWA
*Pria Viswalingam - SBS Journalist
*Ravi Ratnayeke - cricketer

References

* [http://www.immi.gov.au/statistics/publications/community_profiles/sri_lankanet.pdf The Sri Lanka-Born in Australia in the 1990s]

Further reading

Information about Sri Lankans in Australia can be obtained from following publications;

Gamage,S.'Curtains of culture,ethnicity, and class: changing composition of the Sri Lankan community in Australia, Journal of intercultural studies, vol 19(1),1998,pp.37-56.

Gamage, S.2001. Sinhalese in Australia, in The Australian people - An Encyclopedia of the nation, its people and their origins(ed) James Jupp, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, pp,684-685.

Gamage, S.2002. Adaptation Experiences of Sri Lankan Immigrants and their Children in Australia in the Context of Multiculturalism and Anglo-Conformity, in Annette Richardson and Michael Wyness(eds) Exploring Cultural Perspectives: Integration and Globalization, International Cultural Research Network(ICRN) Press, Edmonton, pp.3-29.

External links

* [http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exhibitions/southasianstories/videos/devibala.shtml Packing To Leave: Saris, Suits and Spices]