Paul J. Crutzen

Paul J. Crutzen

Infobox Scientist
name = Paul Jozef Crutzen
box_width =


image_width =
caption =
birth_date = birth date and age|1933|12|3
birth_place = Amsterdam, Netherlands
death_date =
death_place =
residence =
citizenship =
nationality =
ethnicity =
field = Chemistry, Physics
work_institutions =
alma_mater =
doctoral_advisor =
doctoral_students =
known_for =
author_abbrev_bot =
author_abbrev_zoo =
influences =
influenced =
prizes = Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1995)
religion =
footnotes =

Paul Jozef Crutzen (born December 3, 1933, Amsterdam) is a Dutch Nobel prize winning atmospheric chemist.

Crutzen is best known for his research on ozone depletion. He lists his main research interests as "Stratospheric and tropospheric chemistry, and their role in the biogeochemical cycles and climate". [cite web|url=http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/%7Eair/crutzen/interest.html|title=www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/%7Eair/crutzen/interest.html ] He currently works at the Department of Atmospheric Chemistry at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, [cite web|url=http://www.atmosphere.mpg.de/enid/2.html|title=www.atmosphere.mpg.de/enid/2.html ] in Mainz, Germany and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California. He was also a long-time adjunct professor at Georgia Tech and Research Professor at the department of Meteorology of the Stockholm University, Sweden. [cite news|first=Greg|last=Keisel|url=http://technique.library.gatech.edu/issues/fall1995/nov17/campus3-s.html|title=Nobel Prize winner at Tech|work=The Technique|date=1995-11-17|accessdate=2007-05-22]

Awards

This is a partial list. See [http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~air/crutzen/vita.html] for more.
* 1976: Outstanding Publication Award, Environmental Research Laboratories, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.
* 1984: Rolex-Discover Scientist of the Year.
* 1985: Recipient of the Leo Szilard Award for "Physics in the Publics Interest" of the American Physical Society.
* 1986: Elected to Fellow of the American Geophysical Union
* 1989: Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement.
* 1991: Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences;
* 1995: Nobel Prize in Chemistry (with Dr. M. Molina and Dr. F. S. Rowland, U.S.A.)
* 1995: Recipient of the Global Ozone Award for "Outstanding Contribution for the Protection of the Ozone Layer" by United Nations Environment Programme.
* 1996: Honorary Member of the International Ozone Commission
* 1999: Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences
* 2002: Worldwide most cited author in the Geosciences with 2911 citations from 110 publications during the decade 1991-2001, Institute for Scientific Information

Anthropocene

In 2000, in IGBP Newsletter 41, Crutzen and Eugene F. Stoermer, to emphasize the central role of mankind in geology and ecology, proposed using the term anthropocene for the current geological epoch. In regard to its start, they said:

: "To assign a more specific date to the onset of the 'anthropocene" seems somewhat arbitrary, but we propose the latter part of the 18th century, although we are aware that alternative proposals can be made (some may even want to include the entire holocene). However, we choose this date because, during the past two centuries, the global effects of human activities have become clearly noticeable. This is the period when data retrieved from glacial ice cores show the beginning of a growth in the atmospheric concentrations of several 'greenhouse gases", in particular CO2 and CH4. Such a starting date also coincides with James Watt's invention of the steam engine in 1784." [cite web|url=http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~air/anthropocene/|title=www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~air/anthropocene/ ]

Global Warming

Steve Connor, Science Editor of the "Independent", wrote:
*Professor Paul Crutzen, who won a Nobel Prize in 1995 for his work on the hole in the ozone layer, believes that political attempts to limit man-made greenhouse gases are so pitiful that a radical contingency plan is needed.
*In a polemical scientific essay that was published in the August 2006 issue of the journal Climatic Change, he says that an "escape route" is needed if global warming begins to run out of control. [cite web|url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/t1vn75m458373h63/fulltext.pdf|title=www.springerlink.com/content/t1vn75m458373h63/fulltext.pdf |format=PDF]
*Professor Crutzen has proposed a method of artificially cooling the global climate by releasing particles of sulphur in the upper atmosphere, which would reflect sunlight and heat back into space. The controversial proposal is being taken seriously by scientists because Professor Crutzen has a proven track record in atmospheric research. [cite web|url=http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article1205975.ece|title=news.independent.co.uk/environment/article1205975.ece ]
*In January 2008, Crutzen published findings that the release of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) emissions in the production of biofuels mean that they contribute more to global warming than fossil fuels. [cite web|url=http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/389|title=N2O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels]

Nuclear Winter

Crutzen was also a leader in promoting the theory of Nuclear winter.

See also

*Nuclear winter
*Global dimming
*Global warming
*Albedo
*1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo
*Planetary engineering

References

External links

* [http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~air/crutzen/ His home page]
* [http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1995/crutzen-autobio.html Autobiography from nobelprize.org]
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1995/crutzen-cv.html CV from nobelprize.org]
* [http://hcr3.isiknowledge.com/author.cgi?&link1=Search&link2=Search%20Results&AuthLastName=crutzen&AuthFirstName=&AuthMiddleName=&AuthMailnstName=&CountryID=-1&DisciplineID=0&id=1113 Entry on the ISI "highly cited" database]
* [http://www.vega.org.uk/video/programme/111 An Interview - Paul Crutzen talks to Harry Kroto] Freeview video by the Vega Science Trust.


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Paul Josef Crutzen — [ krutsə] (* 3. Dezember 1933 in Amsterdam) ist ein niederländischer Meteorologe. Er war von 1980 bis 2000 Direktor am Max Planck Institut für Chemie in Mainz und erhielt 1995 den Nobelpreis für Chemie. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Werdegang 2 Preise und …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Paul J. Crutzen — Paul Crutzen im Mai 2010. Paul Josef Crutzen [ krutsə] (* 3. Dezember 1933 in Amsterdam) ist ein niederländischer Meteorologe. Er war von 1980 bis 2000 Direktor am Max Planck Institut für Chemie in Mainz und erhielt 1995 für seine Arbeiten im… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Paul J. Crutzen — Paul Josef Crutzen Paul Josef Crutzen (né le 3 décembre 1933 à Amsterdam), est un chimiste et météorologue néerlandais. Il fut directeur à l institut Max Planck de chimie à Mayence de 1980 à 2000. Il obtint le prix Nobel de chimie en 1995. Paul… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Paul Josef Crutzen — Paul Crutzen Paul Josef Crutzen (né le 3 décembre 1933 à Amsterdam) est un chimiste et météorologue néerlandais. Mario J. Molina, Frank Sherwood Rowland et lui obtinrent le prix Nobel de chimie de 1995 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Paul J. Crutzen — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Paul Jozef Crutzen (Ámsterdam, 3 de diciembre de 1933), químico holandés ganador del premio Nobel de química en 1995 por sus investigaciones sobre la incidencia del ozono en la atmósfera. Biografía Nació en Amsterdam …   Wikipedia Español

  • Chemienobelpreis 1995: Paul Josef Crutzen — Mario José Molina — Frank Sherwood Rowland —   Der Niederländer Crutzen, der Mexikaner Molina und der Amerikaner Rowland erhielten gemeinsam den Nobelpreis für »ihre Arbeiten zur Chemie der Atmosphäre, insbesondere über Bildung und Abbau von Ozon«.    Biografien   Paul Joseph Crutzen, *… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Paul Crutzen — Paul Josef Crutzen [ krutsə] (* 3. Dezember 1933 in Amsterdam) ist ein niederländischer Meteorologe. Er war von 1980 bis 2000 Direktor am Max Planck Institut für Chemie in Mainz und erhielt 1995 den Nobelpreis für Chemie. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Paul Crutzen — Paul Josef Crutzen Paul Josef Crutzen (né le 3 décembre 1933 à Amsterdam), est un chimiste et météorologue néerlandais. Il fut directeur à l institut Max Planck de chimie à Mayence de 1980 à 2000. Il obtint le prix Nobel de chimie en 1995. Paul… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Crutzen — ist der Name von Carine Crutzen (* 1961), niederländische Schauspielerin Paul J. Crutzen (* 1933), niederländischer Meteorologe (von 1980 bis 2000 Direktor am Max Planck Institut für Chemie in Mainz; 1995 Nobelpreis für Chemie) Diese Seite ist… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Crutzen — Crutzen,   Paul, niederländischer Meteorologe, * Amsterdam 3. 12. 1933; arbeitete 1974 80 am National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder (Colorado), seit 1977 als Forschungsdirektor; seit 1980 ist Crutzen Direktor des Max Planck… …   Universal-Lexikon

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”