- Saint-Denis
French commune
nomcommune=Saint-Denis
.|
mapcaption=Paris and inner ring départements
lat_long=coord|48|56|10|N|2|21|53|E|region:FR_type:city
région=Île-de-France
département=Seine-Saint-Denis
("sous-préfecture ")| arrondissement=Saint-Denis
canton=Chief town of 3 cantons
insee= 93066 (ex 75066)
cp= 93200, 93210 (La Plaine) |maire=Didier Paillard (11/12/2004)
mandat= current
intercomm= Communauté
d'agglomération
Plaine Commune
alt moy= |alt mini= |alt maxi=
hectares= 1,236
km²= 12.36|sans=
95,800
85,832|date-sans=Jan. 1, 2005 estimate)
(March 8, 1999 census
dens=7,751|date-dens=2005Saint-Denis is a commune in the northern suburbs of
Paris ,France . It is located 9.4 kilometres (5.8 miles) from the centre of Paris. Saint-Denis is a "sous-préfecture " of theSeine-Saint-Denis "département", being the seat of the Arrondissement of Saint-Denis.Saint-Denis is home to the royal necropolis of
Saint Denis Basilica and was also the location of the associatedabbey . It is also home to France's national stadium,Stade de France , built for the1998 Football World Cup .Saint-Denis is a formerly industrial suburb currently reconverting its economic base.
Inhabitants of Saint-Denis are called "Dionysiens".
Name
Until the 3rd century Saint-Denis was a small settlement called "Catolacus" or "Catulliacum", probably meaning "estate of Catullius", a
Gallo-Roman landowner. About 250, the firstbishop of Paris , Saint Denis, was martyred onMontmartre hill and buried in "Catolacus". Later his grave became a shrine and a pilgrimage center, with the building of the Abbey of Saint Denis, and the settlement was renamed Saint-Denis.In 1793, during the
French Revolution , Saint-Denis was renamed "Franciade" in a gesture of rejection of religion. In 1803, however, under the Consulate of Napoléon Bonaparte, the city recovered its former name of Saint-Denis.History
During its history, Saint-Denis has been closely associated with the French royal house; starting from
Dagobert I , almost every French king is buried in the Basilica.However, Saint-Denis is older than that. In the 2nd century, there was a
Gallo-Roman village named "Catolacus" on the location that Saint-Denis occupies today. Saint Denis, the first bishop of Paris and patron saint of France, was martyred in about 250 and buried in the cemetery of Catolacus. Denis' tomb quickly became a place of worship.Sainte Geneviève, around 475, had a small chapel erected on Denis' tomb, by then a popular destination for pilgrims.
It was this chapel that Dagobert I had rebuilt and turned into a royal monastery. Dagobert granted many privileges to the monastery: independence from the bishop of Paris, the right to hold a market, and, most importantly, he was interred in Saint-Denis; a tradition which was followed by almost all his successors.
During the
Middle Ages , because of the privileges granted by Dagobert, Saint-Denis grew very important. Merchants from all overEurope (and indeed from theByzantine Empire ) came to visit its market.In 1140,
Abbot Suger , counselor to the King, granted further privileges to the citizens of Saint-Denis. He also started the works of enlargement of the basilica that still exists today, often cited as the first example ofGothic Architecture . [Rolf, Toman (ed.) (2004). "Der Gothisch". Ullmann & Könemann // Swaan, Wim (1969). "The Gothic Cathedral" // Several others.]Saint-Denis suffered heavily in the
Hundred Years' War ; of its 10,000 citizens, only 3,000 remained after the war.During the
French Wars of Religion , the Battle of Saint-Denis was fought betweenCatholic s andProtestant s onNovember 10 1567 . The Protestants were defeated, but the Catholic commanderAnne de Montmorency was killed. In1590 , the city surrendered to Henry IV, who converted to Catholicism in1593 in the abbey of Saint-Denis.King Louis XIV started several industries in Saint-Denis: weaving and spinning mills and dyehouses. His successor, Louis XV, whose daughter was a nun in the
Carmelite convent , took a lively interest in the city: he added a chapel to the convent and also renovated the buildings of the royal abbey.During the French Revolution, not only was the city renamed "Franciade" from
1793 to1803 , but the royalnecropolis was looted and destroyed. The remains were removed from the tombs and thrown together; during theFrench Restoration , since they could not be sorted out anymore, they were reburied in a commonossuary .The last king to be interred in Saint-Denis was Louis XVIII. After France became a republic and an empire, Saint-Denis lost its association with royalty.
On
January 1 1860 , the city ofParis was enlarged by annexing neighboring communes. On that occasion, the commune ofLa Chapelle-Saint-Denis was disbanded and divided between the city of Paris, Saint-Denis, Saint-Ouen, andAubervilliers . Saint-Denis received the northwestern part of La Chapelle-Saint-Denis.During the 19th century, Saint-Denis became increasingly industrialized. Transport was much improved: in 1824 the
Canal Saint-Denis was constructed, linking theCanal de l'Ourcq in the northeast of Paris to the RiverSeine at the level ofL'Île-Saint-Denis , and in 1843 the firstrailway reached Saint-Denis. By the end of the century, there were 80 factories in Saint-Denis.The presence of so many industries also gave rise to an important
socialist movement . In 1892, Saint-Denis elected its firstsocialist administration, and by the 1920s, the city had acquired the nickname of "la ville rouge", the red city. UntilJacques Doriot in1934 , allmayors of Saint-Denis were members of the Communist Party.During the
Second World War , after the defeat of France, Saint-Denis was occupied by the Germans onJune 13 ,1940 . There were several acts of sabotage and strikes, most notably onApril 14 ,1942 at the Hotchkiss factory. After aninsurgency which started onAugust 18 ,1944 , Saint-Denis was liberated byGeneral Leclerc onAugust 27 .After the war, the economic crisis of the 1970s and 1980s hit the city, which was dependent on its heavy industry, heavily.
During the 1990s, however, the city started to grow again. The 1998 Football World Cup provided an enormous impulse; the main stadium for the tournament, the
Stade de France , was built in Saint-Denis, along with many infrastructural improvements, such as the extension of the metro to Saint-Denis-Université.Since
2000 , Saint-Denis works together with seven neighbouring "communes" (Aubervilliers ,Villetaneuse ,Pierrefitte-sur-Seine ,Épinay-sur-Seine ,L'Île-Saint-Denis (since 2003),Stains (since2003 ) andLa Courneuve (since2005 ) inPlaine Commune .In
2003 , together with Paris, Saint-Denis hosted the secondEuropean Social Forum .Demographics
Immigration
France immigration
collectivity_name=Saint-Denis
census_year=1999
metropolitan_France=64.4
outside_metropolitan_France=35.6
overseas_France=4.3
foreign_French=2.5
EU-15=5.5
non-EU-15=23.3Transport
Saint-Denis is served by four stations on
Paris Métro Line 13 : Carrefour Pleyel, Saint-Denis - Porte de Paris, Basilique de Saint-Denis (in the center of town, near theSaint Denis Basilica ), and Saint-Denis - Université.Saint-Denis is also served by La Plaine – Stade de France station on Paris RER line B, which is the closest station to the
Stade de France sports arena.Finally, Saint-Denis is also served by two stations on Paris RER line D: Stade de France – Saint-Denis and Saint-Denis. This last station, historically the only rail station in Saint-Denis before the arrivals of the Métro and the RER, serves also as an interchange station for the
Transilien Paris – Nord suburban rail line.Crime
Saint Denis is infamous in France for its crime rate. It has 150.71 criminal incidents per 1000 inhabitants, far higher than national average (83/1000) and even higher than the crime rate of the Seine Saint Denis department (95.67/1000). Police efficiency has also been reported as very low with only 19.82 % of crime solved by the police. Despite this high crime rate, the city was relatively spared by the 2005 riots.
Famous people
*
Pierre Degeyter , composer
*Charles Dezobry , author
*Paul Éluard , poet
*Auguste Gillot , mayor
*Albert Lebourg , painter
*Claude Monet , painter
*Joey Starr
*Kool Shen
*Grand Corps Malade , poet
*Louis-Gabriel Moreau , painter
*Francisque Poulbot , illustrator
*Michael Raffaelli , painter
*Paul Signac , painter
*Maurice Utrillo , painter
*Charles Dezobry , authorPoints of interest
*
Musée Bouilhet-Christofle
*Saint Denis Basilica
*Stade de France Twin cities
* Córdoba,
Spain
*Gera ,Germany
*North Lanarkshire ,Scotland ,United Kingdom
*Porto Alegre ,Brazil
*Sesto San Giovanni ,Italy
*Tuzla ,Bosnia and Herzegovina
*flagicon|IsraelNazareth ,Israel-Palestine External links
* [http://www.ville-saint-denis.fr City council website]
* [http://www.saint-denis.culture.fr/en Saint-Denis, a town in the Middle Ages]Notes
Further info
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
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