Federation (information technology)

A Federation is multiple computing and/or network providers agreeing upon standards of operation in a collective fashion. The term may be used when describing the inter-operation of two distinct, formally disconnected, telecommunications networks that may have different internal structures ^[1]. The term may also be used when groups attempt to delegate collective authority of development to prevent fragmentation.

In a telecommunication inter-connection, the internal modus operandi of the different systems is irrelevant to the existence of a federation.

Joining two distinct networks:

• Yahoo! and Microsoft announced that Yahoo! Messenger and MSN Messenger would be interoperable.^[2]

Collective authority:

• The MIT X Consortium was founded in 1988 to prevent fragmentation in development of the X Window System. Today every major platform besides Windows is distributed with largely compatible X server implementations.^[3]
• OpenID, a form of federated identity

In networking systems, to be federated means users are able to send messages from one network to the other. This is not the same as having a client that can operate with both networks, but interacts with both independently. For example, in 2009, Google allowed GMail users to log into their AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) accounts from GMail. One could not send messages from GTalk accounts or XMPP (which Google/GTalk is federated with) to AIM screen names, nor vice versa.^[4] In May 2011, AIM and Gmail federated, allowing users of each network to add and communicate with each other.

See also

• Google Wave Federation Protocol

References

1. ^ M. Serrano, S. Davy, M. Johnsson, W. Donnelly, A. Galis - “Review and Designs of Federated Management in Future Internet Architectures” part of the book “The Future Internet - Future Internet Assembly 2011: Achievements and Technological Promises” - Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 6656, 465 pp, ISBN 978-3-642-20897-3, 4th May 2011- Springer http://www.springer.com/computer/communication+networks/book/978-3-642-20897-3
2. ^ Nate Mook (October 12, 2005). "Microsoft, Yahoo to Link IM Networks". Beta News. http://www.betanews.com/article/Microsoft_Yahoo_to_Link_IM_Networks/1129075667. 
3. ^ At least most GNU/Linux distributions, UNIX, BSD, and Mac OSX
4. ^ "About AIM in Gmail". Google. 2009-10-13. https://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=61024. 

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