- Duke of Berwick
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The title Duke of Berwick was created in the Peerage of England on 19 March 1687 for James FitzJames, the illegitimate son of King James II and Arabella Churchill. The title refers to the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed in England by the border with Scotland. At the same time the titles Baron Bosworth and Earl of Tinmouth were created which are subsidiary to the dukedom.
The peerage and its subsidiary titles were generally considered to have been forfeit by the British parliament in 1695, when the Duke was attainted following the enforced exile of his father. However, some have argued that the forfeiture was never properly carried out, and that the titles thus remains extant.
Nevertheless, the titles were recognized in France as de facto Jacobite Peerages by King Louis XIV, this to please the exiled King James II & VII, along with other in France recognized Jacobite Peerages, like Duke of Perth, Duke of Melfort, etc. On 13 December 1707, King Philip V confirmed the titles in Spain, and conferred the dignity Grandee of Spain to James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick. The Grandee is attached to the title of Duke of Berwick.
Since then the Dukedom of Berwick continues as an English title as well as a Spanish title:
- As an English title its status is thus unclear (till today), but once confirmed and perpetuated in France. If the English peerage is still extant, the title is only inheritable in the male line.[1] At the death of Don Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba and 10th Duke of Berwick, the English title was inherited by his nephew Don Fernando FitzJames Stuart, 15th Duke of Peñaranda de Duero (1922-1971), and subsequently Fernando's son Don Jacobo FitzJames Stuart, 16th Duke of Peñaranda de Duero and current head of the House of FitzJames (born in 1947 and without children). His heir apparent is his brother Don Louis FitzJames Stuart, Marquis de Valderrabano Esteban (born in 1950 and also without male issue). If Jacobo and his brother Louis die without issue, the house of Fitz-James will become extinct in the male line, and thereby the English peerage titles.
- The Spanish title, with the accompanying dignity Grandee of Spain, is following the inheritance rules of that country.[2] Spanish noble titles historically have followed the rule of male-preference primogeniture, which allows a female to succeed if she has no living brothers and no deceased brothers who left surviving legitimate descendants. With the death of the 10th Duke of Berwick in September 1953, his only daughter and child, Doña Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba, succeeded him in his Spanish titles, amongst which is title Duquesa de Berwick. The heir apparent to the dukedom is her eldest son Don Carlos Fitz-James Stuart y Martínez de Irujo, 14th Duke of Huéscar.
Contents
Dukes of Berwick (1687–1695)
Descendant Portrait Birth Marriages Death James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick
1670–169521 August 1670
Moulins, Allier
son of James II of England and Arabella ChurchillHonora de Burgh, Countess de Lucan
26 March 1695
1 child
Anne Bulkeley
18 April 1700
10 children12 June 1734
Philippsburg
aged 63Jacobite Dukes of Berwick (1695–present)
Descendant Portrait Birth Marriages Death James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick
1695–173421 August 1670
Moulins, Allier
son of James II of England and Arabella ChurchillHonora de Burgh, Countess de Lucan
26 March 1695
1 child
Anne Bulkeley
18 April 1700
10 children12 June 1734
Philippsburg
aged 63James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick
1734–173821 October 1696
son of James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick and Honora de Burgh, Countess de LucanCatalina Colón de Portugal y Ayala, 9th condesa de Gelves
31 December 1716
6 children2 June 1738
Naples
aged 41James Fitz-James Stuart, 3rd Duke of Berwick
1738–178528 December 1718
Madrid
son of James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick and Catalina Colón de Portugal y Ayala, 9th condesa de GelvesMaría Teresa de Silva y Alvarez de Toledo
26 June 1738
1 child30 September 1785
Valencia
aged 66Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 4th Duke of Berwick
1785–178725 March 1752
Liria
son of James Fitz-James Stuart, 3rd Duke of Berwick and María Teresa de Silva y Álvarez de ToledoCarolina Augusta, Prinzessin zu Stolberg-Gedern
15 September 1771
2 children7 September 1787
Madrid
aged 35Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 5th Duke of Berwick
1787–179425 February 1773
Paris
son of Carlos FitzJames Stuart, 4th Duke of Berwick and Carolina Augusta, Prinzessin zu Stolberg-GedernMaría Teresa de Silva Fernández de Híjar y Palafox
24 January 1790
2 children3 April 1794
died
aged 21Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 6th Duke of Berwick
1794–17953 January 1792
son of Jacobo FitzJames Stuart, 5th Duke of Berwick and María Teresa de Silva Fernández de Híjar y Palafoxnever married 5 January 1795
aged 3Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 7th Duke of Berwick
1795–183519 May 1794
Madrid
son of Jacobo FitzJames Stuart, 5th Duke of Berwick and María Teresa de Silva Fernández de Híjar y PalafoxRosalia Ventimiglia y Moncada d,Aragona
15 February 1817
3 children7 October 1835
Sion
aged 41Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 8th Duke of Berwick
1835–18813 June 1821
Palermo
son of Carlos FitzJames Stuart, 7th Duke of Berwick and Rosalia Ventimiglia Ventimiglia y Moncada d,AragonaMaría Francisca Portocarrero Palafox y Kirck Patrick, 12th duquesa de Peñaranda
14 February 1848
3 children10 July 1881
Madrid
aged 60Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 9th Duke of Berwick
1881–19014 December 1849
Madrid
son of Jacobo FitzJames Stuart, 8th Duke of Berwick and María Francisca Portocarrero Palafox y Kirck Patrick, 12th duquesa de PeñarandaMaría del Rosario Falcó y Osorio, 12th condesa de Siruela
10 December 1877
3 children15 October 1901
New York City
aged 51Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 10th Duke of Berwick
1901–195317 October 1878
Madrid
son of Carlos FitzJames Stuart, 9th Duke of Berwick and María del Rosario Falcó y Osorio, 12th condesa de SiruelaMaría del Rosario de Silva y Gurtubay, 9th marquesa de San Vicente del Barco
7 October 1920
1 child24 September 1953
Lausanne
aged 74Fernando FitzJames Stuart, 11th Duke of Berwick
1953–197024 January 1922
El Guadalperal
son of Carlos Fernando Fitz-James Stuart y Falcó, 14th duque de Peñaranda, younger brother of the 10th Duke of Berwick, and María del Carmen de Saavedra y Collado, 13th marquesa de VillaviciosaMaría Isabel Gómez y Ruiz
1944
4 children20 July 1970
El Guadalperal
aged 48Jacobo FitzJames Stuart, 12th Duke of Berwick
1970–present15 November 1947
son of Fernando FitzJames Stuart, 11th Duke of Berwick and María Isabel Gómez y Ruiznot married Spanish Dukes of Berwick (1707–present)
Before 1953, the Spanish Dukes were also the Jacobite Dukes of Berwick.
Descendant Portrait Birth Marriages Death Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 11th Duchess of Berwick
1953–presentMarch 28, 1926
Liria Palace, Madrid
daughter of Fitz-James Stuart, 10th Duke of Berwick and María del Rosario de Silva, Duchess of AlbaHonorable Luis Martínez de Irujo y Artázcoz
m. 1947; dec. 1972
with him 6 children
Jesús Aguirre y Ortiz de Zárate
m. 1978; dec. 2001
Alfonso Díez Carabantes
m. 2011References
- ^ The Family of the Dukes of Berwick - website The Jacobite Heritage
- ^ BERWICK - website Paul Theroff’s Royal Genealogy Site
External links
Categories:- Dukedoms of England
- Berwick-upon-Tweed
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