Crepidula

Crepidula
A stack of live Crepidula fornicata with a small live chiton on the shell on the left
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Caenogastropoda clade Hypsogastropoda clade Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:	Calyptraeoidea
Family:	Calyptraeidae
Genus:	Crepidula Lamarck, 1799[1]
Synonyms[2]
Crypta Gray, 1847

Crepidula, common name the "slipper limpets" or "slipper shells", is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Calyptraeidae, the slipper snails and cup-and-saucer snails. ^[2]

The genus Crepidula is probably the best studied group within the calyptraeids. A variety of species are commonly used in developmental, ecological, and behavioral research. They have been the major focus of research on protandrous sex-change in marine invertebrates and have been used to demonstrate that sex change is environmentally mediated (the timing of sex change depends on association with other individual snails). Crepidula fornicata and Crepidula onyx are well-studied examples of invasive, exotic species in marine habitats.^[3][4]

Species

Crepidula walshi

Crepidula immersa

Species within the genus Crepidula include:^[5][6][7]

• Crepidula adunca Sowerby, 1825^{[citation needed]}
• Crepidula aeola Dall, 1927^[8]
• "Crepidula fimbriata" - Reeve, 1859^[9]
• Crepidula aplysioides Reeve, 1859^[9]
• Crepidula argentina Simone, Pastorino & Penchaszadeh, 2000^[10]
• Crepidula atrasolea Collin, 2000^[11]
• Crepidula badisparsa Collin, 2005^[12]
• Crepidula cachimilla Cledon, Simone & Penchaszadeh, 2004^[13]
• Crepidula carioca Simone, 2006^[14]
• Crepidula convexa Say, 1822^[15] - synonym: Crepidula glauca
• Crepidula coquimbensis Brown & Olivares, 1996^[16]
• Crepidula cymbaeformis Conrad, 1844^[17]
• Crepidula depressa Say, 1822^[18]
• Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758)^[19] - Common slipper shell, common Atlantic slippersnail, boat shell, quarterdeck shell.
• Crepidula gibbosa Defrance, 1818^[20]
• Crepidula immersa G. F. Angas, 1867^{[citation needed]}
• Crepidula incurva Broderip, 1834^{[citation needed]}
• Crepidula intratesta Simone, 2006^[21]
• Crepidula lessonii (Broderip, 1834)
• Crepidula maculosa Conrad, 1846^[22]
• Crepidula marginalis Broderip, 1834^{[citation needed]}
• Crepidula margarita Simone, 2006^[23]
• Crepidula moulinsii Michaud, 1829^[24]
• Crepidula naticarum Williamson, 1905^{[citation needed]}
• Crepidula navicula (Mörch, 1877)^[25]
• Crepidula nivea C.B. Adams, 1852
• Crepidula norrisiarum Williamson, 1905^{[citation needed]}
• Crepidula nummaria Gould, 1846
• Crepidula onyx G. B. Sowerby I, 1824^[26] - onyx slippersnail
• Crepidula perforans Valenciennes, 1846
• Crepidula plana Say, 1822^[27]
• Crepidula porcellana (Linnaeus, 1758)^[28]
• Crepidula protea (d'Orbigny, 1841)^[29]
• Crepidula pyguaia Simone, 2006^[30]
• Crepidula striolata Menke, 1851
• Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822^[31]
• Crepidula ustulatulina Collin, 2002^[32]
• Crepidula walshi L. A. Reeve, 1859^{[citation needed]}
• "Crepidula complanata"^{[citation needed]}
• Crepidula wilckensi Finlay, 1924
• "Crepidula arenata" Broderip, 1834
• "Crepidula excavata" Broderip, 1834
• "Crepidula philippiana"^{[citation needed]}
• Crepidula youngi (Powell, 1940)
• "Crepidula cerithicola"(C.B.Adams, 1852)

synonyms:

• Crepidula costata is a synonym for Maoricrypta costata - ribbed slipper shell
• Crepidula grandis Middendorff, 1849^[33] : synonym of Grandicrepidula grandis (Middendorff, 1849)
• Crepidula maculata Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of Crepidula aculeata (Gmelin, 1791)

Ecology

Like all calyptraeids, slipper snails are sedentary filter-feeders. Adults use their large gill to capture microalgae from suspension, but there is some evidence that small juveniles can also use the radula to scrape algae from the substrate.

References

1. ^ Lamarck J.B. (1799). Mém. Soc. Hist. nat. Paris 78.
2. ^ ^{a b} Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2011). Crepidula Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137722 on 2011-05-21
3. ^ Coe, Wesley R. 1948. Nutrition and sexuality in protandric gastropods of the genus Crepidula. Biol. Bul. 94(3): 158-160.
4. ^ Hendler, G. and D. R. Franz. 1971. Population dynamics and life history of Crepidula convexa Say (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) in Delaware Bay. Biol. Bul. 141: 514-526.
5. ^ [1] Crepidula at ITIS
6. ^ Ross, Landon T. (1965). "The genus Crepidula in North America: its taxonomy, phylogeny, and distribution. unpublished Florida State Univ. thesis". Retrieved on May 2009.[2]
7. ^ [3] Crepidula at Discover Life
8. ^ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula aeola Dall, 1927. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532681 on 2011-01-11
9. ^ ^{a b} Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula aplysioides Reeve, 1859. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532682 on 2011-01-11
10. ^ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula argentina Simone, Pastorino & Penchaszadeh, 2000. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532683 on 2011-01-11
11. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula atrasolea Collin, 2000. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=419702 on 2011-01-11
12. ^ Collin R. (2005). "Crepidula badisparsa sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) from Bocas del Toro Province, Panama". Caribbean Journal of Science 41(2): 269-276. PDF.
13. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula cachimilla Cledon, Simone & Penchaszadeh, 2004. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=388656 on 2011-01-11
14. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula carioca Simone, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389784 on 2011-01-11
15. ^ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula convexa Say, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160228 on 2011-01-11
16. ^ Bouchet, P. (2010). Crepidula coquimbensis Brown & Olivares, 1996. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=510048 on 2011-01-11
17. ^ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula cymbaeformis Conrad, 1844. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532684 on 2011-01-11
18. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula depressa Say, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=419703 on 2011-01-11
19. ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138963 on 2011-01-11
20. ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Crepidula gibbosa Defrance, 1818. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138964 on 2011-01-12
21. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula intratesta Simone, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389785 on 2011-01-12
22. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula maculosa Conrad, 1846. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=419704 on 2011-01-12
23. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula margarita Simone, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389786 on 2011-01-12
24. ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Crepidula moulinsii Michaud, 1829. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=180993 on 2011-01-12
25. ^ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula navicula (Mörch, 1877). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532685 on 2011-01-12
26. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula onyx G. B. Sowerby I, 1824. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=397063 on 2011-01-12
27. ^ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula plana Say, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160230 on 2011-01-12
28. ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Crepidula porcellana (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138965 on 2011-01-12
29. ^ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula protea (d'Orbigny, 1841). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532686 on 2011-01-12
30. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula pyguaia Simone, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389787 on 2011-01-12
31. ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138966 on 2011-01-12
32. ^ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula ustulatulina Collin, 2002. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=387736 on 2011-01-12
33. ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Crepidula grandis Middendorff, 1849. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=254469 on 2011-01-12

• Hoagland, K.E. 1977. Systematic review of fossil and recent Crepidula and discussion of the evolution of the Calyptraeidae. Malacologia 16(2): 353-420
• Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp. (
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180-213

External links

• Hoagland K.E. 1983. Notes on type specimens of Crepidula (Prosobranchia: Calyptraeidae) in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 135: 1–8