Miklós Radnóti

Miklós Radnóti
Miklós Radnóti

Miklós Radnóti
Born 5 May 1909(1909-05-05)
Budapest, Austria-Hungary
Died 10 November 1944(1944-11-10) (aged 35)
near Abda, Hungary
Occupation Poet
Language Hungarian
Nationality Hungarian
Spouse(s) Fanni Gyarmati

Miklós Radnóti, birth name Miklós Glatter (5 May 1909 – 10 November 1944) was a Hungarian poet who died in The Holocaust.

Contents

Personality and early life

Radnóti was born in Budapest into an assimilated Jewish family. His life was considerably shaped by the fact that both his mother and his twin brother died at his birth. He refers to this trauma in the title of his compilation Ikrek hava ("Month of Gemini"/"Month of the Twins").

In his last years, Hungarian society rejected Radnóti as a Jew, but in his poems he identifies himself very strongly as a Hungarian. His poetry mingles avant-garde and expressionist themes with a new classical style, a good example being his eclogues. His romantic love poetry is notable as well. Some of his early poetry was published in the short-lived periodical Haladás ("Progress"). His 1935 marriage to Fanni Gyarmati (born 1912) was exceptionally happy.

Radnóti converted to Catholicism in 1943. Numerous Jewish writers converted to Christianity at that time due to the antisemitism that was pervasive in Hungarian society at the time.[1] Radnóti also admired his former professor of literature, the Piarist priest Sándor Sík.[citation needed]

In the Holocaust

In the early forties Radnóti was conscripted by the Hungarian Army, but being a Jew he was assigned to an unarmed (munkaszolgálat) ("labour batallion"). The battalion assigned to the Ukrainian front, and then in May 1944 the Hungarian Army retreated and his battalion was transferred to the copper mines in Bor, Serbia. In August 1944 as Yugoslav Partisans led by Josip Tito advanced, Radnóti's group of 3,200 Hungarian Jews was force-marched to central Hungary. On the march most of them died, including Radnóti.[2]

In these last months of his life Radnóti continued to write poems in a small notebook he kept with him. His last poem was dedicated to his friend Miklós Lorsi, who was shot to death during their death march.[1] According to witnesses, in early November 1944, Radnóti was severely beaten by a drunken militiaman who had been tormenting him for "scribbling". Too weak to continue, he was shot into a mass grave near the village of Abda in northwestern Hungary.[3] Today, a statue next to the road commemorates his place of death.

Posthumous discovery of his last works

Eighteen months after his death, the mass grave was exhumed and in the front pocket of Radnóti's overcoat his small notebook of final poems was found. The final poems are lyrical and poignant and represent some of the few works of literature composed during the Holocaust that survived. Possibly his best known poem is the fourth stanza of the Razglednicák, where he describes the shooting of another man and then envisions his own death.

Radnóti's body was later reinterred in Budapest's Kerepesi Cemetery.

Books

  • Pogány köszöntő (Pagan Greeting) - 1930
  • Újmódi pásztorok éneke (Modern shepherds' song) - 1931
  • Lábadozó szél (Convalescent Wind) - 1933
  • Újhold (New Moon) - 1935
  • Járkálj csak, halálraítélt! (Walk On, Condemned!) - 1936
  • Meredek út (Steep Road) - 1938
  • Naptár (Calendar) - 1942
  • Tajtékos ég (Frothy Sky) - 1946
  • Radnóti Miklós művei (Works of Miklos Radnoti) - 1978, ISBN 9631511820

His works were translated into Croatian language by Hungarian Croat poet Stjepan Blažetin. Croatian literatury critics describe Radnóti as "Hungarian Šimić.

References

External links


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  • Miklós Radnóti — (um 1935) Statue in Mohács …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Miklós Radnóti — (vers 1935) Miklós Radnóti, né le 5 mai 1909 à Budapest et mort le 9 novembre 1944 près de Abda (Győr Moson Sopron) est l’un des plus célèbres poètes hongrois. Sa mère et son frère jumeau meurent à sa naissance, expérience traumatique qu il… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Miklós Radnóti — (Budapest, 5 de mayo de 1909 Abda, 9 de noviembre de 1944), poeta, representante sobresaliente de la moderna lírica húngara. Contenido …   Wikipedia Español

  • Miklos Radnoti — Miklós Radnóti Miklós Radnóti, né le 5 mai 1909 à Budapest et mort le 9 novembre 1944 près de Abda (Hongrie), est l’un des plus célèbres poètes hongrois. Sa mère et son frère jumeau meurent à sa naissance, expérience traumatique qu il retrace… …   Wikipédia en Français

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  • Radnóti — Miklós Radnóti (um 1935) Miklós Radnóti (* 5. Mai 1909 in Budapest; † 9. November 1944 bei Adba in Ungarn), geb. als Miklós Glatter, war einer der herausragenden ungarischen Dichter des 20. Jahrhunderts. Inhaltsverzeichnis …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Miklós Lorsi — (died October 1944) was a Jewish[1] Hungarian violinist[2] who was killed during the Holocaust. The manner of his death, and allusion to his art as a violinist formed the line already taut, a string about to snap in the last poem of Miklós… …   Wikipedia

  • RADNÓTI, MIKLOS — (1909–1944), Hungarian poet. Radnóti, born in Budapest and an orphan from childhood, was converted to Christianity. He trained to become a teacher, but because of his Jewish origin was prevented from taking up a post. He spent his last years in… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • RADNÓTI (M.) — RADNÓTI MIKLÓS (1909 1944) Le souvenir, l’angoisse et l’appel de la mort composent la vie et la poésie de Miklós Radnóti. Il n’y a peut être aucun autre poète hongrois qui ait identifié si étroitement la vocation de l’écrivain à celle du martyr.… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Miklós — ist ein Vorname und Familienname. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Herkunft und Bedeutung 2 Varianten 3 Bekannte Namensträger 3.1 Vorname …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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