Natural Bridge (Virginia)

Natural Bridge
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
The bridge with a person below to indicate the size. Taken in 2005
Nearest city:	Natural Bridge, Virginia
Coordinates:	37°37′39″N 79°32′43″W / 37.6275°N 79.54528°W / 37.6275; -79.54528Coordinates: 37°37′39″N 79°32′43″W / 37.6275°N 79.54528°W / 37.6275; -79.54528
Governing body:	Private
NRHP Reference#:	97001401[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHP:	November 18, 1997
Designated NHL:	August 6, 1998[2]

Natural Bridge, known as Natty B by locals, in the eponymous Rockbridge County, Virginia is a geological formation in which Cedar Creek (a small tributary of the James River) has carved out a gorge in the mountainous limestone terrain, forming an arch 215 ft (66 m) high with a span of 90 ft (27 m). It consists of horizontal limestone strata, and is the remains of the roof of a cave or tunnel through which the creek once flowed. Natural Bridge has been designated a Virginia Historic Landmark and a National Historic Landmark.

History

Natural Bridge by Frederic Edwin Church, 1852

The Natural Bridge was a sacred site of the Native American Monacan tribe, who believed it to be the site of a major victory over pursuing Powhatans centuries before the arrival of whites in Virginia.^[3]

Some believe George Washington came to the site in 1750 as a young surveyor on behalf of Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron.^[4] To support claims that Washington surveyed the area, some tour guides claim the initials "G.W." on the wall of the bridge, 23 ft. up, were carved by the future president. Legend also has it that George Washington threw a rock from the bottom of Cedar Creek over the bridge. In 1927, a large stone was found, also engraved "G.W." and bearing a surveyor's cross, which historians accepted as proof that he indeed surveyed the bridge.^[5]

Thomas Jefferson purchased 157 acres (635,000 m²) of land including the Natural Bridge from King George III of England for 20 shillings in 1774. He called it "the most Sublime of nature's works". Jefferson built a two-room log cabin, with one room reserved for guests, beginning its use as a retreat. While President, in 1802, he surveyed the place with his own hands. It has been said that Jefferson was able to throw a stone from the ground below the bridge to the top. Many famous guests stayed here, including John Marshall, James Monroe, Henry Clay, Sam Houston, and Martin Van Buren.^[6]

Natural Bridge, Virginia, oil on canvas, David Johnson, 1860. Reynolda House

Natural Bridge was one of the wonders of the new world that Europeans visited during the 18th and 19th centuries.^{[citation needed]} Vacationing guests from all over the world took day trips from Natural Bridge on horseback or horse drawn carriages to explore the countryside. In 1833, a new owner erected the Forest Inn to accommodate the increasing number of people. The bridge had considerable notoriety during the 19th century. Herman Melville alluded to the bridge in describing Moby-Dick: "But soon the fore part of him slowly rose from the water; for an instant his whole marbleized body formed a high arch, like Virginia's Natural Bridge..." William Cullen Bryant, another American literary figure, said that Natural Bridge and Niagara Falls were the two most remarkable features of North America.^{[citation needed]} During the 1880s Natural Bridge was a resort owned by Colonel Henry Parsons.^{[citation needed]}

The Drama of Creation, a sound and light show depicting the seven days of creation as told in the Bible in the Book of Genesis, was inaugurated by U.S. President Calvin Coolidge in 1927.^{[citation needed]} Samuel Hibben and Phinehas Stephens, lighting engineers with Westinghouse, designed and installed a system of lighting which at night shined on the Bridge and glen while music was played.

Present

Today, in order to view the bridge from below, a ticket needs to be purchased for 18 U.S. dollars.^[7] The top of the bridge can be seen for free from U.S. Highway 11, which runs on top of it. However, fences on either side of the highway block the view of the canyon from the bridge.

Following the trail under the bridge, in addition to seeing it from its less-often-photographed side, the visitor can walk some distance to the end of that trail, beyond which the remnant of the waterfall that helped to form the bridge can be seen.

Natural Bridge is also the name of a town in the vicinity of the bridge, located in Rockbridge County.

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  Natural Bridge in Rockbridge County, Virginia (2002)

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  Full Shot of Natural Bridge (2005)

References

1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2008-04-15. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html. 
2. ^ "Natural Bridge". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=-438357577&ResourceType=Site. Retrieved 2008-06-27. 
3. ^ Carrie Hunter Willis and Etta Belle Walker, 1937, Legends of the Skyline Drive and the Great Valley of Virginia, p. 84-86.
4. ^ Carrie Hunter Willis and Etta Belle Walker, 1937, Legends of the Skyline Drive and the Great Valley of Virginia, p. 86.
5. ^ Carrie Hunter Willis and Etta Belle Walker, 1937, Legends of the Skyline Drive and the Great Valley of Virginia, p. 87.
6. ^ Carrie Hunter Willis and Etta Belle Walker, 1937, Legends of the Skyline Drive and the Great Valley of Virginia, p. 87.
7. ^ Gatewayticketing.com

• The Rockbridge Advocate (monthly magazine)
• Rockbridge Forum (free public web discussion by/for Rockbridge folk)
• The News-Gazette (weekly newspaper)
• Rockbridge Weekly (weekly newspaper)

External links

• Natural Bridge official website
• Natural Bridge in Antique Postcards