March of Moravia

March of Moravia
Coat of Arms of Moravia

The March or Margraviate of Moravia, was a marcher state, sometimes de facto independent and varyingly within the power of the Duchy, later Kingdom of Bohemia. It comprised the region called Moravia within the modern Czech Republic.

Contents

History

The march was originally established, like its fellow marches — Austria, Styria, Carniola, and Carinthia — in the first half of the 10th century on land that had formerly been part of Great Moravia, a Slav state which succumbed to the Magyar incursions in the early 10th century.

Between Poland and Bohemia

After King Otto I of Germany allied with the Přemyslid duke Boleslaus I of Bohemia had defeated the Magyars at the 955 Battle of Lechfeld, Boleslaus received Moravia.[1] In 999 the Polish Duke Bolesław I Chrobry conquered Moravia and incorporated it into his reign until in 1019 or 1029[2] the Bohemian prince Bretislaus Přemysl recaptured it.

Part of Bohemian Principality

Upon his father's death in 1035, Bretislaus also became the ruler of Bohemia. In 1054, Bretislaus decreed that the Bohemian and Moravian lands would be inherited together by agnatic seniority, although he also provided that his younger sons should govern parts of Moravia as vassals to his oldest son. After that date, the march of Moravia was a Bohemian possession bestowed as a quasi-independent appanage on the younger sons of the Bohemian sovereigns. This appanage was usually held by dukes. Because, of course, there were multiple younger sons at any given moment, the Moravia was usually divided into 3 (varyingly) independent duchies/marches (úděly in Czech): Brno, Olomouc and Znojmo.

Establishing the Margraviate

In 1182 Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa intervened in Bohemian affairs to prevent any succession disputed by elevating Duke of Znojmo Conrad III Otto to the dignity of a margrave. This status was short-lived: in 1197, Duke Vladislaus III of Bohemia resolved the succession dispute between him and his brother Ottokar by abdicating from the Bohemian throne and accepting the margraviate of Moravia as a Bohemian vassal. It remained a Bohemian land (later, from 1348 onward, a land of the Bohemian Crown) after Ottokar had received the hereditary royal title by Philip of Swabia and his status acknowledged by the 1212 Golden Bull of Sicily. When Ottokar's grandson King Ottokar II of Bohemia was defeated at the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld, his opponent King Rudolf I of Germany seized Moravia, but again granted it to Ottokar's II son and successor Wenceslaus II five years later.

Habsburg rule

Margraviate of Moravia (9) within Austria-Hungary (1850–1918)

With the accession of Archduke Ferdinand I of Austria to the Bohemian throne in 1526, the Margraviate of Moravia became a constituent part of the Habsburg Monarchy.

In 1608 the Bohemian and the Moravian rule were separated a last time, when the Moravian estates supported Matthias of Habsburg against his brother Emperor Rudolf II. Since Rudolf had to cede the Bohemian throne to Matthias in 1611, Moravia was directly ruled by the Habsburgs from Vienna at that time who held the title Margrave of Moravia.

In 1804 the margraviate became a province of the Austrian Empire and in 1867 a crown land of the Cisleithanian part of Austria–Hungary.

Administration

In 1348 Emperor Charles IV had begun to divide the Moravian margraviate into several kraje (lands):

From 1850 the Province of Moravia was further divided in 32 political districts (okres).

Margraves

Přemyslid dynasty

House of Habsburg

  • Rudolf I of Bohemia 1306-1307

Meinhardiner

  • Henry of Bohemia 1307-1310

House of Luxembourg

House of Habsburg

Podiebrad family

Hunyadi family

Jagiellon dynasty

House of Habsburg

From 1611, the Margraviate of Moravia and the Kingdom and Bohemia were ruled in union, see List of rulers of Bohemia.

Notes

  1. ^  "Moravia". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913. 
  2. ^ Exact date is not known; Czech historians receive earlier, Polish, German and Slovak later year

References


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • March of Austria — Marchia Austriae State of the Holy Roman Empire ← …   Wikipedia

  • Moravia (disambiguation) — Moravia is a historical region in the Czech Republic. Moravia may also refer to: Great Moravia, a European state in the 9th century March of Moravia, a Mark in the Holy Roman Empire Moravia IT, a localization, translation, and testing services… …   Wikipedia

  • March of the Nordgau — March of the [Bavarian] Nordgau Bayerischer Nordgau State of the Holy Roman Empire ← …   Wikipedia

  • Moravia — For other uses, see Moravia (disambiguation). Moravia (green and red) in relation to the current regions of the Czech Republic …   Wikipedia

  • MORAVIA — (Czech Morava, Ger. Maehren, Heb. ,ןרהרמןיררעמ), historic region of the Czech Republic (formerly in czechoslovakia ). A political unit from around 769, it formed the nucleus of the Great Moravian Empire (first half of the ninth century until 906) …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Moravia — • Austrian crown land east of Bohemia Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Moravia     Moravia     † …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Moravia Central School District — Type and location Country  United States Location Moravia, New York …   Wikipedia

  • March 15 — << March 2011 >> Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 …   Wikipedia

  • March of Carniola — (Mark Krain) in the southeast (lower right) of the 10th century Holy Roman Empire. Note its initial namesake and capital, Krainburg/Kranj, and what would later become its largest and most important city, Laibach/Ljubljana The March (or… …   Wikipedia

  • March 16 — << March 2011 >> Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”