Native countries of North America

The following is a list of names of Native countries of North America—the homelands of American Indian and Inuitic peoples. Autonymic names in Native American languages are in bold, translations of the Native names are in parentheses and quotes. The Native language or dialect of that form of the country's name is in brackets; for example, [Plains Cree] . Names for that Native country in other languages, such as conventional English names, are in a normal font and indented with a bullet unless only exonyms are yet known to the authors, in which case the exonym (in parentheses) is used as the main entry—such as where only the Abenaki name for "Mahican Country" is yet known.

Anishinaabewaki [ [http://www.freelang.net/dictionary/ojibwe.html Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary] ] , Anishinaabe Ahiki, Anishinaabe Aki [http://www.unieketrouwringen.nl/ko_images/The%20Universe%20of%20the%20Ojibwe%20Anishinaabeg.pdf] ("Anishinaabe Land") [Anishinaabe language| [Ojibwe]
*Anishinaabe Country, Ojibwe CountryApsáalooke Issawua ["Apsáalooke Issawua": Email correspondence with Tim McCleary, Project Coordinator, Crow Place Name Project, December 31, 2006. The element "Issawua" should probably have an accent mark showing stress.] [Crow language| [Crow]
*Apsáalooke Country [http://www.ywhc.org/aithp/index.php?topgroupid=&subgroupid=62&groupid=19] , Crow Country [http://www.ywhc.org/aithp/index.php?topgroupid=&subgroupid=62&groupid=19]

Atrakwae [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-049X%28199403%29138%3A1%3C96%3ATKOKAI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Z] [Huron language| [Huron] ; the Kahkwa language is unattested] )
*Kakouagoga Country, Kahkwa Country

Báxoje Máyaⁿ ("Ioway Land") [Email correspondence with Jimm GoodTracks of the Ioway, Otoe-Missouria Language Project, July 10, 2008.] [Ioway language| [Ioway, Otoe-Missouria Language]
*Ioway Country

Benteh ("Among the Lakes") [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dena%E2%80%99ina] [Tanaina language| [Tanaina]
*Dena'ina Country, Tanaina Country

Bodéwadmiakiwen [Email correspondence with Donald Perrot of the Neshnabé Institute for Cultural Studies, July 8, 2008.] , Bodewadmi kik [Email correspondence with Justin Neely of the Citizen Potawatomi Nation, July 8, 2008.] ("Potawatomi land") [Potawatomi language| [Potawatomi]
*Potawatomi Country

Chahta Yakni ("Choctaw Land/Soil") ["A Dictionary of the Choctaw Language" by Cyrus Byington, 1909. Also [http://purlgurl.net/] ] [Choctaw language| [Choctaw]
*Choctaw Country

Chikasha Yakni ("Chickasaw Land") ["Bilbliography of the Muskogean Languages" by James Pilling (reference to Chikasha Yakni on p.51, in entry for "Indian Missionary" from 1889) and "A Chickasaw Dictionary" by Jesse Humes, 1973] [Chickasaw language| [Chickasaw]
*Chickasaw Country

(Chontalpa ("The Land of the Chontal") ["Handbook of Middle American Indians", Volume 7, Robert Wauchope editor.] [Nahuatl language| [Nahuatl] )
*Yokot'an Country, Chontal Country

Chicora [http://www.thetandd.com/articles/2004/11/23/300years/300years12.txt]
*Chicora Country

(Cuextlan [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0006-3606%28197803%2910%3A1%3C11%3AAEAATG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K] [Nahuatl language| [Nahuatl] )
*Teenek Country, Huaxtec Country
*Terre des Huastèques [http://sites.estvideo.net/malinal/1.hist/CU.html#CUEXTLAN] [Spanish language| [Spanish]

Denendeh ("Land of the People") [http://www.denenation.com/]
*Dene Country, Northwest Territories Athabaskan Country

Diné Bikéyah ("Land of the People") [http://www.nnwo.org/nnprofile.htm] , Dinétah ("Among the People") [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinetah] [Navajo language| [Navajo]
*Diné Country, Navajo Country, Navajoland [http://www.navajo.org/history.htm]

Dus-gaˊ-o-weh-o-noˊ-ga "League of the Ho-deˊ-no-sau-nee or Iroquois" by Lewis H. Morgan, 1904.]
*Tuscarora Country

Eeyou Istchee, Iynu Asci ("Land of the People"); The Eeyou or Iyyu are the Northern East Crees, while the Iynu are the Southern East Crees. [Cree_language#Dialect_criteria| [East Cree]
*East Cree Country, Quebec Cree Country

Gawi Wachi ("The Place of Nurturing") ["Ecological Applications" October 2005: "Kincentric Ecology: Indigenous Perceptions of the Human-Nature Relationship" by Enrique Salmon [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1051-0761%28200010%2910%3A5%3C1327%3AKEIPOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1] ] [Tarahumara language| [Tarahumara]
*Rarámuri Country, Tarahumara Country

Gwe-uˊ-gweh-o-noˊ-ga
*Cayuga Country Haida Gwaii [http://www.skidegate.ca/HaidaGwaii.html] [Haida language| [Haida]
*"Land of the Haida". Original Haida name was Xhaaidlagha Gwaayaai meaning "Islanda at the Edge of the World". Haida Gwaii is of modern invention.

Haudenosauneega [http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:O6xiRntboFcJ:ist.syr.edu/pdfs/0kenvita2.doc+haudenosauneega&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1] , Aquanishuonigy [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0065-9746%281971%292%3A61%3A7%3C3%3ALEAHM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-L]
*Iroquoia, Iroquois Country

Hopitutskwa ("Hopi Land") ["Hopitutskwa": "Hopi Dictionary" compiled by the Hopi Dictionary Project, 1997.] [http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/1104/1104_feature.html] [Hopi language| [Hopi]
*Hopi Country, Hopiland [http://pages.towson.edu/dherman/hopi/place/place.htm]

Inokinki ("Illinois country")Email correspondence with Daryl Baldwin of the Myaamia Project of Miami University, October 30, 2007.] [Miami-Illinois language| [Miami-Illinois]
*Illinois Country

Inuit Nunaat ("Land of the Inuit") [http://www.itk.ca/publications/200610_standingCommittee_SocialAffairsAndTech.pdf] [Greenlandic language| [Greenlandic]
*Inuit Country

Jiwére Máyaⁿ ("Otoe Land") [Email correspondence with Jimm GoodTracks of the Ioway, Otoe-Missouria Language Project, July 11, 2008. ] [Chiwere language| [Ioway, Otoe-Missouria Language]
*Otoe Country

Kalaallit Nunaat ("Land of the Kalaallit (Greenlanders)") [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland] [Greenlandic language| [Greenlandic]
*Greenland

Kanién:ke, Kanienkeh ["Kanién:ke": Email correspondence with Kiotenhariyo of Ganienkeh Territory, February 4, 2007. The Ganienkeh Community was apparently spelled that way intentionally to distinguish it as the community, within the greater territory of Kanienkeh.] , Kanyę̂·ke ["Originally referring to to the Mohawk country on the Mohawk River and now used for any Mohawk reservation": p.478, "Handbook of North American Indians" by William Sturtevant, 1978.] ("Land of Flint") [Mohawk language| [Mohawk]
*Mohawk Country
*Gä-neă-ga-o-noˊ-ga [an Iroquois language]
*Annien̈ę (with an n-diaeresis) ["Annien̈ę (and related forms): p.479 of "Handbook of North American Indians", Volume 15, 1978.] , Agné, Agnée, Agnié, Anié [Huron language| [Huron]
*Meqewihkuk ("Among the Mohawks") [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy language| [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]

Karúk Veezívzaaneen ("Karuk (Upriver) Country") [http://www.geocities.com/Athens/9479/pomo.html] [Karuk language| [Karuk]
*Karuk Country

Kitaskino ("Our [inclusive] Land; Our [inclusive] Territory"), Nitaskinan ("Our [exclusive] land; Our [exclusive] Territory") [http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21721/apb.html "Kit...no" is the inclusive "our", thus used when Atikamekw are speaking among themselves while "Ni...nan" is the exclusive "our", thus used when Atikamekw are speaking to non-Atikamekw] , Nehirowisi aski ("Autonomous Earth") The earth ("aski") where Atikamekw can be autonomous ("nehirowisiw"). [http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21721/apb.html] [Atikamekw language| [Atikamekw]
*Atikamekw Country [http://ses.ac-rouen.fr/ses_ped/atikam/2society.html]

Kulhulmcilh ("Our Land") [From email correspondence with Nuxálk Nation, May 23, 2008: "Nuxalk territory is divided in to four main groups: Nuxalk -Bella Coola Valley; Ats'aaxlh - South Bentick Arm; Kwalhna - Kwatna Inlet and Burke Channel and Suts'lhm -the Dean Channel. If we have to use one word it would be Kulhulmcilh which means "Our Land"."] [Nuxalk language| [Nuxálk]
*Nuxálk Country

Lakotah ("Allies") [http://www.republicoflakotah.com] , Lakhota Makhoche [Message from Siouan List [http://listserv.linguistlist.org/archives/siouan.html] by Clive Bloomfield, January 23, 2008.] ("Lakota Country") [Lakota language| [Lakota]
*Lakota Country

Lingít Aaní ("Land of the Tlingit") [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlingit] [Tlingit language| [Tlingit]
*Tlingit Country

Lenapehoking ("In the People's Land") [Lenape "Lenapehoking" is apparently cognate with Ojibwe "Ininaabewakiing" "in the People's Land", according to [http://www.freelang.net/dictionary/ojibwe.html Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary] .] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenapehoking] and [http://www.lenapelifeways.org/map.htm] , Scheyischbi ("The Place Bordering the Ocean") [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenape_language] [Lenape language| [Lenape]
*Lenape Country, Delaware Country

(Mahiganek ("At the Mahicans") [http://www.cowasuck.org/history/ndakina.cfm] [Abenaki language| [Abenaki] )
*Mahican Country

Manahatta ("Hilly Island" or "The Small Island") ["The Historical Atlas of New York City" by Eric Homberger, 2005.] [Lenape language| [Munsee Lenape]
*Manates Country

Mánu: Yį Įsuwą ("Land of the River (Esaw) People") ["Mánu: Yį Įsuwą": Suggested by Blair Rudes of the University of North Carolina-Charlotte, via email correspondence, February 7, 2007. ] [Catawba language| [Catawba]
*Catawba Country

Mawooshen, Moasham, Mavooshen [http://www.davistownmuseum.org/PDFs/TDMnativeAm.pdf] and [http://www.davistownmuseum.org/TDMpurchasPilgrimes.html] [Abenaki language| [Abenaki]
*Wawenoc Country

Mēxihco ["An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl" by Frances Karttunen, 1992] [Nahuatl| [Nahuatl]
*Mexica Country, Aztec Country

Mi'kma'ki [http://mrc.uccb.ns.ca/mikmaq.html] , Migmagi [http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ36858.pdf] ("Allies' Land") [Mi'kmaq "Mi'kma'ki" is apparently cognate with Ojibwe "Miigimaaki" and Maliseet "Mihkomahkik" "Allies' Land", according to [http://www.freelang.net/dictionary/ojibwe.html Freelang Ojibwe] and [http://www.freelang.net/dictionary/maliseet.html Freelang Maliseet] Dictionaries.] [Micmac language| [Micmac]
*Mi'kmaq Country, Micmac Country
*Mihkomahkik ("In Mi'kmaq Territory")> [http://www.freelang.net/dictionary/maliseet.html Freelang Maliseet Dictionary] ] [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy language| [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]

Môhikaniks, Monheganick, Mohegan ("Country of Wolves")"Mohegan Place Names in Connecticut", from the Mohegan Language Project [http://web.mac.com/sfieldi/Site/Mohegan_Language_Project.html] ] [Mohegan language| [Mohegan]
*Mohegan Country

(Msajosek ("The Great Hill") [http://www.cowasuck.org/history/ndakina.cfm] [Abenaki language| [Abenaki] )
*Massachusett Country

Myaamionki ("Place of the Myaamia (Miami)" [Miami-Illinois language| [Miami-Illinois]
*Miami Country

Nanticoke Ahkee, Nantaquak Ahkee, Nentego Ahkee ("Nanticoke Land") [Email correspondence with Sterling Street of the Nanticoke Indian Language Class, July 29, 2008: "The correct word for land is 'ahkee'. You can use 'Nanticoke Ahkee' , or 'Nantaquak Ahkee' , or 'Nentego Ahkee' . There were three main towns along the Nanticoke River, that our people lived at one time, so if you wanted to say 'Nanticoke River' , it would be 'Nanticoke Pamtuckquah'. At one time we were also called 'Kuskarawaok'."] [Nanticoke language| [Nanticoke]
*Nanticoke Country

Na:tinixw ("Where the Trails Return" = Hupa Valley) ["Now You're Speaking Hupa" by Victor Golla, p.92, 1994. Free PDF download: [http://dscholar.humboldt.edu:8080/dspace/handle/2148/39] ] [Hupa language| [Hupa]
*Hupa Country

Nayantik, Nayantaquit, Nehantic , Nehântick [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niantic_%28tribe%29] ("At a point of land on a tidal river, or estuary", "Of long-necked waters") [Mohegan language| [Niantic]
*Niantic Country

Ndakinna [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Abenaki#Location] , N'dakina [http://www.cowasuck.org/history/ndakina.cfm] ("Our [exclusive] Land") [Abenaki language| [Abenaki]
*Abenaki Country
*Aponahkik ("In Abenaki Territory") [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy language| [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]

Nēhiýānāhk ("Cree Country")"nēhiýawēwin" by Arok Wolvengrey, 2001.] , Nēhiýaw-askiy (" Cree Land ") [Cree language| [Plains Cree]
*Cree Country

Newe Segobia ("The People's Earth Mother") [http://www.shundahai.org/ShoshoneMap_web.jpg] [Shoshone language| [Western Shoshone]
*Western Shoshone Country

Niitsitpiis-stahkoii [http://www.blackfoot.org/] [Blackfoot language| [Blackfoot]
*Blackfoot Country

Nishnawbe Aki ("Nishnawbe Land") [http://www.nan.on.ca/article/land-culture-community-120.asp] The territory of the Ojibway-, Cree-, and Ojicree-speaking peoples of northern Ontario.

Nitassinan ("Our [exclusive] Land") [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naskapi] Refers to Montagnais territory as a whole. Innu Assi (" People Land ") [http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/pr/agr/mamu/cha4_e.html] Refers to those lands within Nitassinan that are owned by the Montagnais. [Montagnais language| [Montagnais]
*Innu Country, Montagnais Country
*Muhtaniyewihkuk ("In Montagnais Territory") [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy language| [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]

No-wa-mu ("Mother Earth") ["Nee Hemish: A History of Jemez Pueblo" by Joe S. Sando, 1982.] [Jemez language| [Jemez]
*Jemez Country

Nʉmʉnʉʉ Sookobitʉ ("Comanche Earth") ["Numunuu Sookobitu": Email correspondence with The Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee, February 5, 2007. ] [Comanche language| [Comanche]
*Comanchería, Comanche Country

Nunatsiavut ("Our Beautiful Land") [http://www.nunatsiavut.com/] [Inuktitut language| [Inuttut]
*Labrador Inuit Country

Nunavik ("Place to Live") [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunavik] [Inuktitut language| [Inuttitut]
*Nunavimmiut Country, Quebec Inuit Country

Nunavut ("Our Land") [http://www.gov.nu.ca/Nunavut/] [Inuktitut language| [Inuktitut]
*Nunavummuit Country, Eastern Canadian Arctic Inuit Country

Nun-daˊ-wä-o-noˊ-ga
*Seneca Country

Nuniwar, Nuniwaar ("Nunivak Island") ["Cup'ig Eskimo Dictionary" by Muriel and Howard Amos, 2003.] [Central Alaskan Yup'ik language| [Nunivak Cup'ig]
*Cup'it Country, Nuniwarmiut Country

Ñút^achi Máyaⁿ ("Missouria Land") [Email correspondence with Jimm GoodTracks of the Ioway, Otoe-Missouria Language Project, July 11, 2008. ] [Chiwere language| [Ioway, Otoe-Missouria Language]
*Missouria Country

Nutshimiu-aschiiy ("Naskapi land") [From email correspondence with Secretary-Receptionist of Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach, April 24, 2008.] [Naskapi language| [Naskapi]
*Naskapi Country

Omaeqnomenew-ahkew ("Menominee-land") [Email correspondence with Karen Washinawatok, Director of the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin Language & Culture Commission] [Menominee language| [Menominee]
*Menominee Country

O-nunˊdä-ga-o-noˊ-ga
*Onondaga Country

Onyota’a:ka’, Onʌyoteʔaˑkaˑ' ("People of the Standing Stone") [Onyota’a:ka’: Email correspondence with Kandice Watson, Education and Cultural Relations Director of the Oneida Indian Nation's Shako:wi Cultural Center. Ms. Watson stated: "This means “People of the Standing Stone”. Every Iroquois Nation has some way of describing their people, for example, the Onondaga are known as “The People of the Great Hills”. So when people say Onyota’a:ka’, they are referring to us or our homelands." (February 20, 2007). Onʌyoteʔaˑkaˑ': Email correspondence with the Oneidan Language Revitalization Program, February 12, 2007.] , Ǫkwehǫwê·ne ["The general term for any Oneida settlement", p.489, "Handbook of North American Indians: Northeast", William Sturtevant, 1978.] [Oneida language| [Oneida]
*Oneida Country
*O-naˊ-yote-kä-o-noˊ-ga [an Iroquois language]

O'odham Jeweḍ ("Land(s) of the People (O'odham)")Tohono O'odham names from Ofelia Zepeda, linguist from the University of Arizona and native Tohono O'odham speaker, from email correspondence via her colleague Mizuki Miyashita, February 12, 2007.] , O'odham ha-jeweḍga is a more political designation, as in the "O'odham Reservation/Nation". [O'odham language| [Tohono O'odham]
*O'odham Country, Tohono O'odham Country+Akimel O'odham Country

(Osogonek ("Algonquin Place") [http://www.cowasuck.org/history/ndakina.cfm] [Abenaki language| [Abenaki] )
*Algonquin Country

Panaôbskaiiak ("Land of the Penobscots") [http://www.freelang.net/dictionary/abenaki.html Freelang Abenaki-Penobscot Dictionary] ] [Abenaki language| [Penobscot (Eastern Abenaki)]
*Penobscot Country [http://www.cowasuck.org/history/missions.cfm]
*Panȣbskaik, Panaȣbskaiiak ("Land of the Penobscots") [http://www.cowasuck.org/history/ndakina.cfm] [Abenaki language| [Western Abenaki]
*Panuwapskewihkuk ("Among the Penobscots") [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy language| [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]

Paskwāwiýinīnāhk ("In the Plains Cree Country") [Cree language| [Plains Cree]
*Plains Cree Country

Peskotomuhkatik ("In the Land of the Passamaquoddies (Pollock-spearers)") [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy language| [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]
*Passamaquoddy Country [http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1039563283]

Pokanoket ("Land of the Bitter Water Bays and Coves") ["The Wampanoag Indian Federation" by Milton A. Travers, 1961.] [Wampanoag language| [Wampanoag]
*Wampanoag Country

S’atsoyaha ("Land of the Sun-fire-people") [Email correspondence with Woktela, October 31, 2007:" "The Yuchi did not really use a specific name for their country, as they dwelled throughout the Southeast, and considered the whole to be their homeland. They also shared this region with a number of other peoples (as the Indigenous Americans did not own/possess land in the sense that Western Culture views it). Therefore strictly speaking, there was no name for Yuchiland or Yuchi country. It simply would not be a concept that they would have used. The Yuchi saw the whole of this great island as one land which belonged to them and everyone else as well — it seemed at that time more than big enough to share in its bounty."

"The Yuchi, having arrived here by way of island hopping according to some oral traditions, were aware of the surrounding oceans and considered this land to be a giant island. It was generally referred to by the many peoples here as "Turtle Island." In Yuchi that would be S’atsetaha dap’a (Turtle Island) literally: land-water-on-turtle. More often the Yuchi would refer to the Squareground around which their village wrapped as S’a sa he (squareground) and that would have a specific name appended to it, such as Mouse (chixa) for Mouse Squareground."

"Very likely if they were referring to the region they would have used the generic S’a tso (land-sacred), pronounced s’a cho where there is a pause (glottal stop) between the s and ah sounds. You will note that all these terms begin with the "s’a" which means land or earth in Yuchi. According to other oral traditions, the Yuchi people were created from droplets of the Sun’s blood that fell to earth here in the Southeast, and still colors the clays of the area. The Yuchi word for Sun is tso, and also has the meaning of sacred — hence this would be the sacred-earth-land or the land of the Sun."

"Lastly the name by which the Yuchi know themselves is "Tsoyaha" which literally means Sun-fire-people. Therefore, a Yuchi today would coin the name "S’atsoyaha" for their land, if they still had any to so name. I know this is not the short and sweet answer you probably expected, but it is the only genuine answer for me to give. I hope this helps your project. Please feel free to post any or all of this."

"Please note: The Yuchi here is spelled in rough phonetics as their is no orthography for the Yuchi language to be written. ------Best wishes, Woktela" "] [Yuchi language| [Yuchi]
*Yuchi Country

Shawandasse Tula ("Southwind Earth") [Email correspondence with Eagle/Sub-ChiefShawnee Nation United Remnant Band, October 29, 2007: "Shawandasse means Southwind, we are the people of the Southwind as our migration story tells. Tula means earth or for translation purposes would mean land depending on how you use the word. Another way to look at it would be Mother Earth, Geah Tula."] [Shawnee language| [Shawnee]
*Shawnee Country

Shiwinnaqin [http://curtis.library.northwestern.edu/ocrtext.cgi?vol=17] [Zuni language| [Zuni]
*Ashiwi Country, Zuni Country

Sḵwx̱wú7mesh-ulh ("referring to/related to Skwxwú7mesh, the People of the Sacred Water") [From OldManRivers of the Skwxwú7mesh people: "As for names of bodies of land related to the people who lived on it from their languages, it kind of didn't happen around the West Coast. For Skwxwu7mesh territories, I've only heard and seen of Skwxwu7mesh-ulh, but that not specially talking about just the land. The -ulh ending just means "referring to" or "related to". So when a person is talking, they are talking about all of what it is to be Skwxwu7mesh, thus referring to the land, history, language, protocols, etc. It's neat how it refers to so much for something so little." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:OldManRivers#Native_Countries_of_North_America] ] [Skwxwu7mesh language| [Sḵwx̱wú7mesh]
*Skwxwú7mesh Country, Squamish Country

Sq'ʷayáiɬaqtmš ["Sq'ʷayáiɬaqtmš": "Upper Chehalis Dictionary" by M. Dale Kincaid, 1991.] [Upper Chehalis language| [Upper Chehalis]
*Upper Chehalis Country

Tatl'ahwt'aenn Nenn' ("Headwaters People's Country") [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-7294%28198809%292%3A90%3A3%3C703%3ATNTHPC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5] [Ahtna language| [Ahtna]
*Upper Ahtna Country

Tohono ("Desert") [O'odham language| [Tohono O'odham]
*Tohono O'odham Country, Papaguería ["Papagos and Politics" by Blaine and Adams, 1981.]

(Totonacapan [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0006-3606%28197803%2910%3A1%3C11%3AAEAATG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K] [Nahuatl language| [Nahuatl] )
*Totonac Country

Továngar [McCawley, William. The First Angelinos: The Gabrielino Indians of Los Angeles. Malki Museum Press, 1996] , "the world"
*Tongva Country

Tsenacommacah, Tsenacomoco, Tenakomakah, Attanoughkomouck, Attan-Akamik ("Activity-grounds", "Land of Much Events") [Powhatan "Tenakomakah" is apparently cognate with Ojibwe "Danakamigaa": "activity-grounds", i.e. "land of much events", according to [http://www.freelang.net/dictionary/ojibwe.html Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary] .] [Powhatan language| [Powhatan]
*Powhatan Country

Tséstho'e, Zesthoe [http://www.bethelks.edu/services/mla/holdings/petter/png_images/0229.png] (" Cheyenne Land ") [Cheyenne language| [Cheyenne]
*Cheyenne Country

Tümpisakkatün ("At the Rock Ochre"; Death Valley and vicinity) ["Tümpisa (Panamint) Shoshone Dictionary" by Jon Dayley, page xviii, 1989.] [Timbisha language| [Timbisha (Panamint) Shoshone]
*Timbisha Country, Panamint Country

Wa She Shu E Deh ["Wa She Shu E Deh": "Wa She Shu: A Washo Tribal History" by Inter-Tribal Council of Nevada, 1976] ("Washo Land") [Washoe language| [Washo]
*Washo Country

Waayaahtanonki ("Place of the Waayaahtanwa (Wea)") [Miami-Illinois language| [Miami-Illinois]
*Wea Country

Wabanaki [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abenaki] [Abenaki language| [Abenaki] , Waponahkik [Maliseet-Passamoquoddy language| [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy] ("Dawn Land")
*Wabanaki Country, Abenaki-Maliseet-Penobscot-Passamaquoddy-Mi'kmaq Country

Wolastokuk ("Land of the Beautiful River ( St. John River )") [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy language| [Maliseet-Passamaquody]
*Maliseet Country

Wazija [http://www.hocak.info/] , Wazidja ("The Grand Pinery") [http://www.hotcakencyclopedia.com/ho.Wazidja.html] [Winnebago language| [Winnebago]
*Hotcâk Country, Winnebago Country [http://www.illinoishistory.com/winnebagowar.html]

Wendake [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyandot] [Wyandot language| [Wyandot]
*Wendat Country, Wyandot Country, Huronia, Huron Country
*Ksitegwiiak ("Land of the Hurons") [http://www.cowasuck.org/history/ndakina.cfm] [Abenaki language| [Abenaki]

Winem Memen Bos ("Middle Water Place") Email correspondence with Marc Franko, Headman of the Winnemem Wintu Tribe, November 11, 2007:" "You are correct to say "Winthu· Po·m" as Wintu land (or more correctly land of the people), however, each Wintu band utilizes the place we are from as the location designator. In our case we are the Winnemem (middle water) Wintu (people). The other 8 bands went by the name of their location (nomte pom; dau pom, nom sus, nor el muk, etc.). When we introduce ourselves we say "ni wenem memen bos" [long "o" sound in bos like hose ] meaning "I am from the middle water place (country)"."] [Wintu language| [Wintu]
*Winnemem Country

Wintʰu· Po·m ("Land of the People (Wintu)") [Wintu language| [Wintu]
*Wintu Country

(Yurúk Veezívzaaneen ("Yurok (Downriver) Country") [Karuk language| [Karuk] )
*Yurok Country

Notes