George Tupou II of Tonga

Infobox_Monarch | name =Siaosi Tupou II
title =King of Tonga


reign =18 February 1893
coronation =17 March 1893, Nukuokinaalofa
predecessor =Siaosi Tupou I
successor =Sālote Tupou III
heir =
consort =Lavinia Veiongo, on 1 June 1899
okinaAnaseini Takipō, on 11 November 1909
issue =Sālote Mafileokinao Pilolevu
okinaOnelua
okinaElisiva Fusipala Taukiokinaonetuku
royal house =Tupou
royal anthem =Ko e fasi okinao e tuokinai okinao e okinaOtu Tonga
father =Tuokinai Pelehake (Fatafehi Toutaitokotaha)
mother =Fusipala Taukiokinaonetuku
date of birth =birth date|1874|6|18|df=y
place of birth =Neiafu, Tonga
date of death =death date and age|1918|4|5|1874|6|18|df=y
place of death =Tonga
place of burial=Malaokinaekula|

Siaosi Tupou II, King of Tonga (George Tupou II in English) (18 June 1874 — 5 April 1918) was the king of Tonga from February 18 1893 until his death. He was officially crowned at Nukuokinaalofa, on 17 March 1893. He was also the 20th Tuokinai Kanokupolu. In Tonga itself he was better known under the Tongan version of his name Jiaoji Tubou (Siaosi Tupou in modern spelling) or even Tāufaokinaāhau Tupou II.

Siaosi Tupou II was the son of Prince Tuokinai Pelehake (Fatafehi Toutaitokotaha) also Prime Minister of Tonga in 1905), whose mother Sālote Pilolevu was a daughter of Tāufaokinaāhau Tupou I, and he was the son of Fusipala Taukiokinaonetuku, a daughter of Tēvita okinaUnga who was a son of Tāufaokinaāhau Tupou I again: George Tupou I that is, the founder of the united Tongan kingdom.

It is generally agreed that he was not a good king from a political point of view. Still he was a gentle person, a doting father to his oldest daughter Sālote and an artist who wrote songs and poems. In this he had much in common with his earlier Hawaiokinaian colleague Kalakaua. He is also known for his push to construct cement water tanks ("vaisima") everywhere in Tonga, providing clean water to the people, which was a major boost to the public health.

When he ascended the throne, just 18 years old, he was still a bachelor. By 1896 the chiefs of the country urged he would marry. And they suggested okinaOfa-ki-Vavaokinau, the daughter of Māokinaatu from Niuatoputapu, who was related to the Tuokinai Haokinaatakalaua line. But he refused; instead he took on 1 June 1899 Lavinia Veiongo as wife. She was the daughter of Kupuavanua from Vavaokinau and Tōkanga from Niuafookinaou, thusly obliging these islands to the throne. Kupuavanua was also the grandson of the last Tuokinai Tonga Laufilitonga, enabling him to claim rights to that line as well. Nevertheless the marriage almost started a civil war. For years relations between the king and the rest of the country remained strained. In addition to his inept governance, so much unlike his greatgrandfather, this led in 1905 to Tonga's becoming a British protectorate.

Queen Lavinia died on 25 April 1902 from tuberculosis, leaving only one child behind, Sālote. She was not popular as she was born from the 'wrong' mother, and it was not safe for her to go outside the palace garden. When Siaosi married for the second time, on 11 November 1909, with the then 16 year old okinaAnaseini Takipō Afuha'amango, a first cousin of the rejected okinaOfa (who had died too by now), the chiefs were jubilant. It was customary in old Polynesia for a defeated chief either to be killed or to be exiled. As such it was a fortunate excuse that Sālote had to go to school in Auckland that she could be put on the December steamer to New Zealand.

Sālote would remain in exile for 5 years, although she did come home during some Christmas holidays. After December 1914 her father ordered her to stay home. Queen Takipō had still not brought forth a son. One daughter, okinaOnelua, had died a few months after her birth; another child, okinaElisiva Fusipala Taukiokinaonetuku, was still alive, but was a girl too. The hope the envying chiefs had had on an heir through Takipō was fading, and Sālote's supporters' hope rose. To find a politically acceptable husband for her became acute and was found in the end in Tungī Mailefihi, cousin of okinaOfa. If there was any action by Siaosi Tupou II that left a positive and enduring legacy to Tonga, then it was this arrangement of his daughter's wedding.

Siaosi had also a few children from other women, some of these descendants are now prominent politicians in Fiji, and others still highranking chiefs in Tonga itself (Vīlai Tupou, father of Vaea). But his own government was an absolute mess and some ministers were seriously contemplating to ask the British to annex the country. Perhaps this would have happened if the king had not become ill, and at the end died. He was soon followed by his wife Takipō (1 March 1893 — 26 November 1918) from the infamous Spanish flu epidemic raging in Tonga. Siaosi's daughter succeeded him and would drag Tonga out of the mire it was in.

References

A.L. Kaeppler, M. Taumoefolau, N. Tukuokinaaho, E. Wood-Ellem; Songs and poems of Queen Sālote; 2004; ISBN 978-982-213-008-9