Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics

Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Swimming
at the Games of the XXIX Olympiad
Swimming 2008.png
Pictogram for swimming at the 2008 Games
Venue Beijing National Aquatics Center
Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park
Dates August 9–21
Competitors 1,022 from 163 nations
«2004  
The Beijing National Aquatics Center (aka "Water Cube")

Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics was held over a thirteen day period from August 9 to August 21, with the conventional events ending on August 17 and the new marathon 10 km events being held on August 20 and 21. All swimming events (except the two marathon 10 km events) took place at the Beijing National Aquatics Center.

Contents

Venue

Swimming events at the
2008 Summer Olympics
Sample picture of the event (unofficial)
Freestyle
50 m   men   women
100 m men women
200 m men women
400 m men women
800 m women
1500 m men
Backstroke
100 m men women
200 m men women
Breaststroke
100 m men women
200 m men women
Butterfly
100 m men women
200 m men women
Individual medley
200 m men women
400 m men women
Freestyle relay
4×100 m men women
4×200 m men women
Medley relay
4×100 m men women
Marathon
10 km men women

All the swimming, synchronized swimming, and diving events of the 2008 Olympics were held at the Beijing National Aquatics Center (better known as the "Water Cube"), which was claimed to be built to increase the speed of the swimmers.[1] The main pool is about 10 feet (3.0 m) deep, 3 feet (0.91 m) deeper than any other Olympic pool.[1] The lane lines, nicknamed "wave eaters", buffer the waves produced by swimmers while they stroke.[1] The technological advances of the pool were enhanced by several advantages inherent to an indoor swimming venue, namely: temperature, humidity and lighting control. Even the wide decks were built to help give the swimmers a sense of space.[1]

Events

Inside the Watercube on August 14, 2008

The swimming program for 2008 was expanded from 2004, with the addition of the 10 km marathon open water swimming events, bringing the total number of events to 34 (17 each for men and women). The following events were contested:[2]

For the order of events, please see

Qualifying criteria

A National Olympic Committee (NOC) may enter up to 2 qualified athletes in each individual event if both meet the A standard, or 1 athlete per event if they meet the B standard. An NOC may also enter a maximum of 1 qualified relay team per event.

An NOC may enter up to 1 swimmer per sex (2 total), if they have no swimmers meeting any qualifying B standard.

For further specifics on the qualifying process, please see:

Medal summary

Medal table

Ryan Lochte (left), Michael Phelps (middle) of the United States and László Cseh of Hungary hold their medals on the podium on August 10, 2008.

Retrieved from Beijing Olympics 2008 Official Website.[3]

 Rank  Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  United States (USA) 12 9 10 31
2  Australia (AUS) 6 6 8 20
3  Great Britain (GBR) 2 2 2 6
4  Japan (JPN) 2 0 3 5
5  Germany (GER) 2 0 1 3
6  Netherlands (NED) 2 0 0 2
7  China (CHN) 1 3 2 6
8  Zimbabwe (ZIM) 1 3 0 4
9  France (FRA) 1 2 3 6
10  Russia (RUS) 1 1 2 4
11  Italy (ITA) 1 1 0 2
 South Korea (KOR) 1 1 0 2
13  Brazil (BRA) 1 0 1 2
14  Tunisia (TUN) 1 0 0 1
15  Hungary (HUN) 0 3 0 3
16  Norway (NOR) 0 1 1 2
17  Slovenia (SLO) 0 1 0 1
 Serbia (SRB) 0 1 0 1
19  Austria (AUT) 0 0 1 1
 Canada (CAN) 0 0 1 1
 Denmark (DEN) 0 0 1 1
Total 34 34 36 104

Men's events

Event Gold Silver Bronze
50 m freestyle
details
 César Cielo Filho
Brazil (BRA)
21.30 (OR)  Amaury Leveaux
France (FRA)
21.45  Alain Bernard
France (FRA)
21.49
100 m freestyle
details
 Alain Bernard
France (FRA)
47.21  Eamon Sullivan
Australia (AUS)
47.32  Jason Lezak
United States (USA)
 César Cielo Filho
Brazil (BRA)
47.67
200 m freestyle
details
 Michael Phelps
United States (USA)
1:42.96 (WR)  Park Tae-Hwan
South Korea (KOR)
1:44.85 (AS)  Peter Vanderkaay
United States (USA)
1:45.14
400 m freestyle
details
 Park Tae-Hwan
South Korea (KOR)
3:41.86 (AS)  Zhang Lin
China (CHN)
3:42.44  Larsen Jensen
United States (USA)
3:42.78 (AM)
1500 m freestyle
details
 Oussama Mellouli
Tunisia (TUN)
14:40.84  Grant Hackett
Australia (AUS)
14:41.53  Ryan Cochrane
Canada (CAN)
14.42.69
100 m backstroke
details
 Aaron Peirsol
United States (USA)
52.54 (WR)  Matt Grevers
United States (USA)
53.11  Arkady Vyatchanin
Russia (RUS)
 Hayden Stoeckel
Australia (AUS)
53.18
200 m backstroke
details
 Ryan Lochte
United States (USA)
1:53.94 (WR)  Aaron Peirsol
United States (USA)
1:54.33  Arkady Vyatchanin
Russia (RUS)
1:54.93
100 m breaststroke
details
 Kosuke Kitajima
Japan (JPN)
58.91 (WR)  Alexander Dale Oen
Norway (NOR)
59.20  Hugues Duboscq
France (FRA)
59.37
200 m breaststroke
details
 Kosuke Kitajima
Japan (JPN)
2:07.64 (OR)  Brenton Rickard
Australia (AUS)
2:08.88 (OC)  Hugues Duboscq
France (FRA)
2:08.94
100 m butterfly
details
 Michael Phelps
United States (USA)
50.58 (OR)  Milorad Čavić
Serbia (SRB)
50.59  Andrew Lauterstein
Australia (AUS)
51.12
200 m butterfly
details
 Michael Phelps
United States (USA)
1:52.03 (WR)  László Cseh
Hungary (HUN)
1:52.70 (ER)  Takeshi Matsuda
Japan (JPN)
1:52.97 (AS)
200 m individual medley
details
 Michael Phelps
United States (USA)
1:54.23 (WR)  László Cseh
Hungary (HUN)
1:56.52 (ER)  Ryan Lochte
United States (USA)
1:56.53
400 m individual medley
details
 Michael Phelps
United States (USA)
4:03.84 (WR)  László Cseh
Hungary (HUN)
4:06.16 (ER)  Ryan Lochte
United States (USA)
4:08.09
4×100 m freestyle relay
details
United States
Michael Phelps
Garrett Weber-Gale
Cullen Jones
Jason Lezak
Nathan Adrian*
Benjamin Wildman-Tobriner*
Matt Grevers*
3:08.24 (WR) France
Amaury Leveaux
Fabien Gilot
Frédérick Bousquet
Alain Bernard
Grégory Mallet*
Boris Steimetz*
3:08.32 (ER) Australia
Eamon Sullivan
Andrew Lauterstein
Ashley Callus
Matt Targett
Leith Brodie*
Patrick Murphy*
3:09.91 (OC)
4×200 m freestyle relay
details
United States
Michael Phelps
Ryan Lochte
Ricky Berens
Peter Vanderkaay
Klete Keller*
Erik Vendt*
David Walters*
6:58.56 (WR) Russia
Nikita Lobintsev
Evgeny Lagunov
Danila Izotov
Alexander Sukhorukov
Mikhail Polishchuk*
7:03.70 (ER) Australia
Patrick Murphy
Grant Hackett
Grant Brits
Nick Ffrost
Leith Brodie*
Kirk Palmer*
7:04.98
4×100 m medley relay
details
United States
Aaron Peirsol
Brendan Hansen
Michael Phelps
Jason Lezak
Matt Grevers*
Mark Gangloff*
Ian Crocker*
Garrett Weber-Gale*
3:29.34 (WR) Australia
Hayden Stoeckel
Brenton Rickard
Andrew Lauterstein
Eamon Sullivan
Ashley Delaney*
Christian Sprenger*
Adam Pine*
Matt Targett*
3:30.04 (OC) Japan
Junichi Miyashita
Kosuke Kitajima
Takuro Fujii
Hisayoshi Sato
3:31.18 (AS)
10 km marathon
details
 Maarten van der Weijden
Netherlands (NED)
1:51:51.6  David Davies
Great Britain (GBR)
1:51:53.1  Thomas Lurz
Germany (GER)
1:51:53.6

* Swimmers who participated in the heats only and received medals.

Women's events

Event Gold Silver Bronze
50 m freestyle
details
 Britta Steffen
Germany (GER)
24.06 (OR, ER)  Dara Torres
United States (USA)
24.07 (AM)  Cate Campbell
Australia (AUS)
24.17
100 m freestyle
details
 Britta Steffen
Germany (GER)
53.12 (OR)  Lisbeth Trickett
Australia (AUS)
53.16  Natalie Coughlin
United States (USA)
53.39 (AM)
200 m freestyle
details
 Federica Pellegrini
Italy (ITA)
1:54.82 (WR)  Sara Isakovič
Slovenia (SLO)
1:54.97  Pang Jiaying
China (CHN)
1:55.05 (AS)
400 m freestyle
details
 Rebecca Adlington
Great Britain (GBR)
4:03.22  Katie Hoff
United States (USA)
4:03.29  Joanne Jackson
Great Britain (GBR)
4:03.52
800 m freestyle
details
 Rebecca Adlington
Great Britain (GBR)
8:14.10 (WR)  Alessia Filippi
Italy (ITA)
8:20.23  Lotte Friis
Denmark (DEN)
8:23.03
100 m backstroke
details
 Natalie Coughlin
United States (USA)
58.96  Kirsty Coventry
Zimbabwe (ZIM)
59.19  Margaret Hoelzer
United States (USA)
59.34
200 m backstroke
details
 Kirsty Coventry
Zimbabwe (ZIM)
2:05.24 (WR)  Margaret Hoelzer
United States (USA)
2:06.23  Reiko Nakamura
Japan (JPN)
2:07.13 (AS)
100 m breaststroke
details
 Leisel Jones
Australia (AUS)
1:05.17 (OR)  Rebecca Soni
United States (USA)
1:06.73  Mirna Jukić
Austria (AUT)
1:07.34
200 m breaststroke
details
 Rebecca Soni
United States (USA)
2:20.22 (WR)  Leisel Jones
Australia (AUS)
2:22.05  Sara Nordenstam
Norway (NOR)
2:23.02 (ER)
100 m butterfly
details
 Lisbeth Trickett
Australia (AUS)
56.73 (OC)  Christine Magnuson
United States (USA)
57.10  Jessicah Schipper
Australia (AUS)
57.25
200 m butterfly
details
 Liu Zige
China (CHN)
2:04.18 (WR)  Jiao Liuyang
China (CHN)
2:04.72  Jessicah Schipper
Australia (AUS)
2:06.26
200 m individual medley
details
 Stephanie Rice
Australia (AUS)
2:08.45 (WR)  Kirsty Coventry
Zimbabwe (ZIM)
2:08.59 (AF)  Natalie Coughlin
United States (USA)
2:10.34
400 m individual medley
details
 Stephanie Rice
Australia (AUS)
4:29.45 (WR)  Kirsty Coventry
Zimbabwe (ZIM)
4:29.89 (AF)  Katie Hoff
United States (USA)
4:31.71
4×100 m freestyle relay
details
Netherlands
Inge Dekker
Ranomi Kromowidjojo
Femke Heemskerk
Marleen Veldhuis
Hinkelien Schreuder*
Manon van Rooijen*
3:33.76 (OR) United States
Natalie Coughlin
Lacey Nymeyer
Kara Lynn Joyce
Dara Torres
Emily Silver*
Julia Smit*
3:34.33 (AM) Australia
Cate Campbell
Alice Mills
Melanie Schlanger
Lisbeth Trickett
Shayne Reese*
3:35.05 (OC)
4×200 m freestyle relay
details
Australia
Stephanie Rice
Bronte Barratt
Kylie Palmer
Linda Mackenzie
Lara Davenport*
Felicity Galvez*
Angie Bainbridge*
Melanie Schlanger*
7:44.31 (WR) China
Yang Yu
Zhu Qianwei
Tan Miao
Pang Jiaying
Tang Jingzhi*
7:45.93 (AS) United States
Allison Schmitt
Natalie Coughlin
Caroline Burckle
Katie Hoff
Christine Marshall*
Kim Vandenberg*
Julia Smit*
7:46.33 (AM)
4×100 m medley relay
details
Australia
Emily Seebohm (OC)
Leisel Jones
Jessicah Schipper
Lisbeth Trickett
Tarnee White*
Felicity Galvez*
Shayne Reese*
3:52.69 (WR) United States
Natalie Coughlin (AM) (lead-off)
Rebecca Soni
Christine Magnuson
Dara Torres
Margaret Hoelzer*
Megan Jendrick*
Elaine Breeden*
Kara Lynn Joyce*
3:53.30 (AM) China
Zhao Jing
Sun Ye
Zhou Yafei
Pang Jiaying
Xu Tianlongzi*
3:56.11 (AS)
10 km marathon
details
 Larisa Ilchenko
Russia (RUS)
1:59:27.7  Keri-Anne Payne
Great Britain (GBR)
1:59:29.2  Cassandra Patten
Great Britain (GBR)
1:59:31.0

* Swimmers who participated in the heats only and received medals.

Records broken

At the 2008 Summer Olympics, new world swimming records were set 25 times (affecting 21 distinct world records) and new Olympic swimming records were set 65 times and one other was equalled (affecting 30 distinct Olympic records).[4] Only Ian Thorpe's 3:40.59 in the 400 metres freestyle and Inge de Bruijn's 56.61 in the 100 metres butterfly both set in Sydney remain Olympic records. Michael Phelps of the United States also broke the record for the most gold medals ever won by an Olympian with a total of 14; 8 of which were won during the 2008 Summer Olympics - this is also a world record.

Men's Olympic and world records

Event Date Round Name Nationality Time OR WR
Men's 50 m freestyle August 14 Heat 11 César Cielo Brazil 21.47 OR
August 14 Heat 12 Amaury Leveaux France 21.46 OR
August 15 Semifinal 1 César Cielo Brazil 21.34 OR
August 16 Final César Cielo Brazil 21.30 OR
Men's 100 m freestyle August 10 4×100 m freestyle relay
Heat 1 leadoff
Amaury Leveaux France 47.76 OR
August 11 4×100 m freestyle relay
Final leadoff
Eamon Sullivan Australia 47.24 OR WR
August 13 Semifinal 1 Alain Bernard France 47.20 OR WR
August 13 Semifinal 2 Eamon Sullivan Australia 47.05 OR WR
Men's 200 m freestyle August 12 Final Michael Phelps United States 1:42.96 OR WR
Men's 1500 m freestyle August 15 Heat 3 Ryan Cochrane Canada 14:40.84 OR
August 15 Heat 5 Grant Hackett Australia 14:38.92 OR
Men's 100 m backstroke August 10 Heat 4 Matt Grevers United States 53.41 OR
August 11 Semifinal 1 Arkady Vyatchanin Russia 53.06 OR
August 11 Semifinal 2 Hayden Stoeckel Australia 52.97 OR
August 12 Final Aaron Peirsol United States 52.54 OR WR
Men's 200 m backstroke August 15 Final Ryan Lochte United States 1:53.94 OR WR
Men's 100 m breaststroke August 9 Heat 7 Alexander Dale Oen Norway 59.41 OR
August 10 Semifinal 2 Alexander Dale Oen Norway 59.16 OR
August 11 Final Kosuke Kitajima Japan 58.91 OR WR
Men's 200 m breaststroke August 12 Heat 5 Paolo Bossini Italy 2:08.98 OR
August 12 Heat 7 Dániel Gyurta Hungary 2:08.68 OR
August 13 Semifinal 1 Kosuke Kitajima Japan 2:08.61 OR
August 14 Final Kosuke Kitajima Japan 2:07.64 OR
Men's 100 m butterfly August 14 Heat 7 Jason Dunford Kenya 51.14 OR
August 14 Heat 9 Milorad Čavić Serbia 50.76 OR
August 16 Final Michael Phelps United States 50.58 OR
Men's 200 m butterfly August 11 Heat 6 Michael Phelps United States 1:53.70 OR
August 12 Semifinal 2 Michael Phelps United States 1:53.70 OR
August 13 Final Michael Phelps United States 1:52.03 OR WR
Men's 200 m individual medley August 15 Final Michael Phelps United States 1:54.23 OR WR
Men's 400 m individual medley August 9 Heat 4 Michael Phelps United States 4:07.82 OR
August 10 Final Michael Phelps United States 4:03.84 OR WR
Men's 4×100 m freestyle relay August 10 Heat 1 Nathan Adrian
Cullen Jones
Ben Wildman-Tobriner
Matt Grevers
United States 3:12.23 OR WR
August 11 Final Michael Phelps
Garrett Weber-Gale
Cullen Jones
Jason Lezak
United States 3:08.24 OR WR
Men's 4×200 m freestyle relay August 12 Heat 2 David Walters
Ricky Berens
Erik Vendt
Klete Keller
United States 7:04.66 OR
August 13 Final Michael Phelps
Ryan Lochte
Ricky Berens
Peter Vanderkaay
United States 6:58.56 OR WR
Men's 4×100 m medley relay August 17 Final Aaron Peirsol
Brendan Hansen
Michael Phelps
Jason Lezak
United States 3:29.34 OR WR

Also, at the 4×100 m freestyle relay final, anchor Jason Lezak swam the fastest 100 m split (46.06); however, this is not considered an official FINA record, as he did not swim the first leg.

Women's Olympic and world records

Event Date Round Name Nationality Time OR WR
Women's 50 m freestyle August 17 Final Britta Steffen Germany 24.06 OR
Women's 100 m freestyle August 10 4×100 m freestyle relay
Final lead off
Britta Steffen Germany 53.38 OR
August 15 Final Britta Steffen Germany 53.12 OR
Women's 200 m freestyle August 11 Heat 4 Pang Jiaying China 1:57.37 OR
August 11 Heat 5 Sara Isakovič Slovenia 1:55.86 OR
August 11 Heat 6 Federica Pellegrini Italy 1:55.45 OR WR
August 13 Final Federica Pellegrini Italy 1:54.82 OR WR
Women's 400 m freestyle August 10 Heat 5 Katie Hoff United States 4:03.71 OR
August 10 Heat 6 Federica Pellegrini Italy 4:02.19 OR
Women's 800 m freestyle August 14 Heat 4 Rebecca Adlington Great Britain 8:18.06 OR
August 16 Final Rebecca Adlington Great Britain 8:14.10 OR WR
Women's 100 m backstroke August 10 Heat 5 Anastasia Zuyeva Russia 59.61 OR
August 10 Heat 6 Reiko Nakamura Japan 59.36 OR
August 10 Heat 7 Kirsty Coventry Zimbabwe 59.00 OR
August 11 Semifinal 2 Kirsty Coventry Zimbabwe 58.77 OR WR
Women's 200 m backstroke August 14 Heat 4 Kirsty Coventry Zimbabwe 2:06.76 OR
August 16 Final Kirsty Coventry Zimbabwe 2:05.24 OR WR
Women's 100 m breaststroke August 10 Heat 7 Leisel Jones Australia 1:05.64 OR
August 12 Final Leisel Jones Australia 1:05.17 OR
Women's 200 m breaststroke August 13 Heat 5 Rebecca Soni United States 2:22.17 OR
August 15 Final Rebecca Soni United States 2:20.22 OR WR
Women's 200 m butterfly August 14 Final Liu Zige China 2:04.18 OR WR
Women's 200 m individual medley August 12 Semifinal 1 Kirsty Coventry Zimbabwe 2:09.53 OR
August 13 Final Stephanie Rice Australia 2:08.45 OR WR
Women's 400 m individual medley August 10 Final Stephanie Rice Australia 4:29.45 OR WR
Women's 4×100 m freestyle relay August 10 Final Inge Dekker
Ranomi Kromowidjojo
Femke Heemskerk
Marleen Veldhuis
Netherlands 3:33.76 OR
Women's 4×200 m freestyle relay August 13 Heat 1 Alena Popchanka
Céline Couderc
Camille Muffat
Coralie Balmy
France 7:50.37 OR
August 14 Final Stephanie Rice
Bronte Barratt
Kylie Palmer
Linda Mackenzie
Australia 7:44.31 OR WR
Women's 4×100 m medley relay August 17 Final Emily Seebohm
Leisel Jones
Jessicah Schipper
Libby Trickett
Australia 3:52.69 OR WR

LZR Racer suits

Another big change to swimming occurred when Speedo launched the LZR Racer swim suits on February 13, 2008. The suits, developed by NASA and the Australian Institute of Sport,[5] were designed to repel water, allow oxygen to flow to the muscles, and hold the body in a more hydrodynamic position.[6] The suits had been proven to give the swimmer a lower time by 1.9 to 2.2%.[7] Due to the advantage provided by the suits, some swimmers complained about the fairness in its use, because some people used multiple swimsuits to improve buoyancy and compressing of body;[8] even the official blog for the National Collegiate Athletic Association pondered whether they were "technology doping" and what was the difference between gaining advantage from a swimsuit and gaining advantage from performance-enhancing drugs.[7] In response to these complaints, the International Swimming Federation (FINA) scheduled a meeting with Speedo to discuss the suits.[8] After the meeting, FINA dismissed the claims of cheating, and endorsed the suits for future swimming meets.[8] By August 14, 2008, 62 world records had been broken by swimmers wearing the LZR Racer.[9]

See also

  • 2008 in swimming

References

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Men's 100 metre butterfly — Infobox Olympic event event = Men s 100 metre butterfly games = 2008 Summer caption = Michael Phelps during the medal ceremony venue = Beijing National Aquatics Center dates = August 14 (heats) August 15 (semifinals) August 16 (final) competitors …   Wikipedia

  • Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Women's 400 metre freestyle — The Women s 400 metre freestyle event at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place on 10 11th August at the Beijing National Aquatics Center. This swimming event used freestyle swimming, which means that the method of the stroke is not regulated… …   Wikipedia

  • Synchronized swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Women's duet — The women s duet synchronized swimming event at the 2008 Summer Olympics was held from August 18 to 20, at the Beijing National Aquatics Center.24 duets competed, each consisting of two swimmers. There were two rounds of competition. The… …   Wikipedia

  • Synchronized swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Women's team — The women s team synchronized swimming event at the 2008 Summer Olympics will be held on 22 August and 23 August. Eight teams will compete, each consisting of eight swimmers. There will be a single round of competition. Each team will present two …   Wikipedia

  • Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Men's 4 x 100 metre medley relay — The men s 4×100 metre medley relay event at the 2008 Olympic Games took place on August 15 (qualification) and August 17 (final) at the Beijing National Aquatics Center. This swimming event uses medley swimming as a relay. Because an Olympic size …   Wikipedia

  • Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Men's 100 metre breaststroke — The men s 100 metre breaststroke event at the 2008 Olympic Games took place on 9 11th August at the Beijing National Aquatics Center. This swimming event used the breaststroke. Because an Olympic size swimming pool is 50 metres long, this race… …   Wikipedia

  • Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Men's 1500 metre freestyle — The men s 1500 metre freestyle event at the 2008 Olympic Games took place between August 15 and 17, at the Beijing National Aquatics Center. This swimming event used freestyle swimming, which means that the method of the stroke is not regulated… …   Wikipedia

  • Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Women's 800 metre freestyle — The Women s 800 metre freestyle event at the 2008 Olympic Games took place between August 14 and 16, at the Beijing National Aquatics Center. This swimming event used freestyle swimming, which means that the method of the stroke is not regulated… …   Wikipedia

  • Synchronized swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics — Synchronized swimming competitions at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing were held from August 18 to August 23, at the Beijing National Aquatics Center.Medalists Duet References …   Wikipedia

  • Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Men's 100 metre freestyle — The Men s 100 metre freestyle event at the 2008 Olympic Games took place between August 12 and 14 at the Beijing National Aquatics Center. This swimming event used freestyle swimming, which means that the method of the stroke is not regulated… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”