Taxon
Translation- Taxon
A taxon (plural taxa), or taxonomic unit, is a name designating an organism or a group of
organism s. Inbiological nomenclature according toCarl Linnaeus , a taxon is assigned ataxonomic rank and can be placed at a particular level in a systematic hierarchy reflecting evolutionary relationships.A distinction is to be made between taxa/taxonomy and classification/systematics. The former refers to biological names and the rules of naming. The latter refers to rank ordering of taxa according to presumptive evolutionary (phylogenetic) relationships.
Note: "Phylum" applies formally to any biological domain, but traditionally it was always used for animals, whereas "Division" was traditionally often used for
plant s, fungi, etc.A simple mnemonic phrase to remember the sequence of taxonomic levels is:"Dignified Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Silk"; another, highly expedient example is "King Philip's Class Orders the Family Genius to Speak" or "Dumb King Philip Crawled Over Five Girl Scouts".
A prefix is used to indicate a ranking of lesser importance. The prefix "super-" indicates a rank above, the prefix "sub-" indicates a rank below. In zoology the prefix "infra-" indicates a rank below "sub-". For instance::Superclass:Class:Subclass:Infraclass
Rank is relative, and restricted to a particular systematic schema. For example,
liverworts have been grouped, in various systems of classification, as a family, order, class, or division (phylum). The use of a narrow set of ranks is challenged by users ofcladistics ; for example, the mere 10 ranks traditionally used between animal families (governed by theICZN ) and animal phyla (usually the highest relevant rank in taxonomic work) often cannot adequately represent the evolutionary history as more about a lineage'sphylogeny becomes known. In addition, the class rank is quite often not an evolutionary but aphenetic al andparaphyletic group and as opposed to those ranks governed by the ICZN, can usually not be made monophyletic by exchanging the taxa contained therein. This has given rise tophylogenetic taxonomy and the ongoing development of thePhyloCode , which is to govern the application of taxa toclade s.ee also
*
Alpha taxonomy
*Chresonym
*Cladistics
*ICBN
*ICZN
*Rank (botany)
*Rank (zoology)
*Segregate (taxonomy)
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Look at other dictionaries:
Taxon — Tax on (t[a^]ks [o^]n), n.; pl. {taxa} or {taxons}. a taxonomic group, or the name of a taxonomic grouping. [PJC] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
taxon — 1> спец. таксон (систематическая группа любой категории); класс систематики 2> биол. таксономический … Новый большой англо-русский словарь
taxon — taxon. См. таксон. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) … Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.
Taxon — Als Taxon (das, Plural: Taxa; zu griechisch τάξις táxis ‚(An )Ordnung, Rang’) bezeichnet man in der Biologie eine als systematische Einheit erkannte Gruppe von Lebewesen. Meist drückt sich diese Systematik auch durch einen eigenen Namen für… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Taxon — En taxinomie, un taxon (du grec τάξις / taxis, « placement », « mise en ordre ». Pluriel grec : taxa ; pluriel français : taxons) est une entité conceptuelle qui est censée regrouper tous les organismes vivants… … Wikipédia en Français
taxon — (plural taxa)) any taxonomic unit (named or not) or category such as a family, genus, or species. It includes all taxa of lower rank and all individual organisms. A nominal taxon is the taxon, as objectively defined by its type, to which any… … Dictionary of ichthyology
taxon — /tak son/, n., pl. taxa /tak seuh/. a taxonomic category, as a species or genus. [1945 50; < Gk táx(is) TAXIS1 + on neut. n. ending; see ON1] * * * ▪ biology plural Taxa, any unit used in the science of biological classification, or… … Universalium
taxon — спец. таксон (систематическая группа любой категории); класс систематики (pl taxa) (специальное) таксон (систематическая группа любой категории); класс систематики (биология) таксономический … Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь
taxon — noun (plural taxa; also taxons) Etymology: New Latin, from International Scientific Vocabulary taxonomy Date: 1929 1. a taxonomic group or entity 2. the name applied to a taxonomic group in a formal system of nomenclature … New Collegiate Dictionary
taxon — m таксон, таксономическая единица … Большой французско-русский и русско-французский словарь
