Mariano Montilla

Mariano Montilla (8 September 1782 - 22 September 1851) was a Major General of the Army of Venezuela in the Venezuelan War of Independence.^[1]

Biography

Youth

Montilla was born at Caracas.

As a young man he went to Spain where he joined the American bodyguard company. In 1801, under the command of Manuel Godoy, he fought in the War between Spain and Portugal and was wounded at the battle of Olivenza. He then returned to Caracas. In 1808 he was active in the emerging revolution for the independence of Venezuela. In 1810 he was sent to Jamaica and Curaçao to spread the news about events in Venezuela. Later that year he was appointed commander of a squadron of militia volunteers from the valleys of Aragua. Subordinate first to the Marquis del Toro, then to Francisco de Miranda, in 1811 he fought in the insurgency that erupted in Valencia. Between 1811 and 1812 he retired to Philadelphia in the United States to recover his health.^[1]

War of Independence

After the campaign of 1813 Mariano Montilla joined the forces of Simón Bolívar and was engaged in several battles between 1813 and 1814. In 1814, following defeat by the royalists, he was forced to emigrate to Cartagena de Indias, where he undertook the defense of the city against the siege imposed by the Spanish general Pablo Morillo. He was named military governor of the city and promoted to Colonel in 1815. When the city fell to Morillo on December 6, 1815 he escaped to Haiti, and later aided Simón Bolívar in the unsuccessful naval expedition of Los Cayos. After a period of residence in the United States, in 1817 he took command of the island of Margarita, from which base he led the campaigns against Barcelona and Cumana.^[1]

In 1820, in Margarita, he took command of the Irish Legion which had newly arrived under the leadership of William Aylmer and Francis O'Connor. As commanding general he led in the battles of Fonseca, Tablazo and Molino, the withdrawal from Valledupar and the successful battle of Laguna Salada.^[2] Later in 1820 he landed in Sabanilla, in the province of Cartagena, opened the port for trade, defeated the royalists at Pueblo Nuevo and established communications with Bolivar's forces in the interior of New Granada.^[1]

In September 1821 he was promoted to brigadier general and October 22 of that year conducted the pivotal siege of Cartagena assisted by naval forces under José Prudencio Padilla. The city fell on October 1, 1821 after a siege lasting 159 days. Among the defenders who surrendered was Brigadier Gabriel Torres, commander of the royalist forces. The patriots captured large stores of gunpowder, lead, rifles and field pieces.^[3] In 1823 Maracaibo fell to the forces sent by the Spanish Field Marshal Francisco Tomás Morales. Montilla moved to Riohacha to establish a base of operations for the liberation of Maracaibo, which was achieved after a naval battle fought on July 24, 1823 isolated the Spanish from relief.^[4]

Later career

In 1824, Montilla was appointed commanding general of the department of Zulia and promoted to divisional general. The following year he returned to Cartagena, where he served as commander of the department of Magdalena. In 1828 he was appointed leader of department of the Isthmus (Panama) and Magdalena Zulia.^[1] In 1830 he was involved in a movement that supported Rafael Urdaneta as president of Gran Colombia. As a result, in January 1832, the Ministry of War and Navy of New Granada passed a decree deemed him a traitor to the fatherland and expelled him from New Granada.^[5] However, in January 1833, Congress allowed him to return, and in November 1833 Montilla was appointed minister plenipotentiary to restore friendly relations with England and France and to seek recognition of Venezuelan independence from Spain, a mission that was largely successful.^[6] He died in 1851, and in 1896 his remains were moved to the National Pantheon of Venezuela in Caracas.^[7]

He died at Caracas in 1851.

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} "Mariano Montilla: Hasta la Independencia" (in Spanish). venezuelatuya.com S.A.. http://www.venezuelatuya.com/biografias/mariano_montilla.htm. Retrieved 2009-05-10. 
2. ^ Brian McGinn (November 1991). "Venezuela's Irish Legacy". Irish America Magazine (New York) Vol. VII, No. XI,. pp. 34–37. http://www.illyria.com/irish/irishven.html. Retrieved 2009-05-10. 
3. ^ RÍOS PEÑALOZA, Gilma. "PADILLA, JOSÉ PRUDENCIO" (in Spanish). La Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango. http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/biografias/padijose.htm. Retrieved 2009-05-10. 
4. ^ "La Batalla Naval de Maracaibo" (in Spanish). La Guía 2000. http://www.laguia2000.com/venezuela/la-batalla-naval-de-maracaibo. Retrieved 2009-05-10. 
5. ^ "Federico Tomás Adlercreutz" (in Spanish). venezuelatuya.com S.A.. http://www.venezuelatuya.com/biografias/federicotomasadlercreutz.htm. Retrieved 2009-05-10. 
6. ^ Moisés Enrique Rodríguez. "Under Three Flags: The Diplomatic Career of Daniel Florence O'Leary". Society for Irish Latin American Studies. http://www.irlandeses.org/0903rodriguez.htm. Retrieved 2009-05-10. 
7. ^ "Panteón nacional". Monografias.com S.A.. http://www.monografias.com/trabajos13/panteon/panteon.shtml. Retrieved 2009-05-10. 

Persondata
Name	Montilla, Mariano
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1782-09-08
Place of birth
Date of death	1851-09-22
Place of death