Auburn Correctional Facility

Auburn Correctional Facility is a state prison located on State Street in Auburn, New York, built on land that was once a Cayuga Indian Village.^[1] It is classified as a maximum security facility.

Constructed in 1816 as Auburn Prison, it was the second state prison in New York (after New York City's Newgate, 1797-1828), the site of the first execution via electric chair in 1890, and the namesake of the "Auburn System," a correctional system believed to rehabilitate prisoners. The prison was renamed the Auburn Correctional Facility in the 1970s.^{[citation needed]}

The current front of Auburn Prison. Note the two guard towers on either side and Copper John on top

The prison charged a fee for tourists in order to raise funds for the prison. Eventually, to discourage most visitors, the fee was increased.

Besides the history of the place, it is best known locally for the statue of a colonial soldier atop the apex. For disputed reasons, this figure is called "Copper John".^{[citation needed]}

Notable inmates

• Abe Greenthal, notorious pickpocket; incarcerated 1877-1884, pardoned by Governor Grover Cleveland
• William Kemmler, first person executed via the electric chair.
• Robert Chambers, the "preppy murderer"
• Leon Czolgosz, the assassin of President William McKinley, electrocuted in Auburn on October 29, 1901.^[2]
• Lucchese crime family mob associate Jimmy Burke
• Colombo crime family caporegime Joe Gallo
• Contract killer Donald Frangos
• Chester Gillette, the killer of Grace Brown, electrocuted in 1908.
• The Post Card Killer, J. Frank Hickey
• Patrick Anthony Pittman (Tony Justice) - for refusing to go into the US Army

Wardens

• Brittain ^[3]
• Captain Elam Lynds 1821 to ? (this date conflicts with Powers)^[3]
• Gershom Powers 1820 circa 1825
• Charles F. Durston July 1887 to May 1893, 2 executions
• James C. Stout May 1, 1893 - February 1, 1897, 5 executions
• J. Warren Mead February 1, 1897 - February 1, 1905, 14 executions
• Charles K. Baker (acting) Feb. 1, 1905 -Dec. 15, 1905, 1 execution
• George W. Benham December 15, 1905 - May 26, 1913, 24 executions
• Charles F. Rattigan May 26, 1913 to May 1, 1916, 9 executions
• Robert J. Henderson circa 1974

Auburn system

Main article: Auburn system

In contrast with the purely reformatory type prison instituted in Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia System introduced by the Quakers, the "Auburn System" modified the schedule of prayer, contemplation, and humane conditions with hard labor and work.

Prisoners were compelled to work during the day, and the profit of their labor helped to support the prison. Prisoners were segregated by type of criminality into different locations within the prisons and by the use of special clothing. The traditional American prison uniform, consisting of horizontal black and white stripes, originated at the Auburn prison. The prisoners had their heads closely cropped and walked in lockstep, keeping step with their heads bowed. Each prisoner placed a hand on the shoulder of the man in front of him to maintain a rigid separation.

There was a communal dining room so that the prisoners could gather together for meals, but a code of silence was enforced harshly at all times by the guards. Thus the inmates worked and ate together, but in complete silence. At night the prisoners were kept in individual cells (even though the original plan called for double cells).

For several decades, this system was adopted by other jurisdictions. This system was also called the "Congregate System." The Sing Sing Correctional Facility, also in New York, was built using this system under the supervision of the former warden of the Auburn prison, Elam Lynds.

Copper John

Copper John as he is today.

The original Copper John

Copper John is a statue of an American Revolutionary War soldier that stands atop the Auburn Correctional Facility in Auburn, New York. It has entered the local lexicon as a reference to the prison and aspects of it, e.g., getting sent to Auburn Prison is "going to work for Copper John".

"John" was originally a wooden statue that was erected atop the administration office of the prison in 1821. In 1848, the statue had weathered so much that it was taken down and a new statue was made out of copper by the prisoners in its foundry.

External links

• New York State prison information
• A history of the statue
• %26srch_name%3D1 A pictorial history of the Facility

References

1. ^ Correction History, "Auburn Prison Beginnings
2. ^ http://www.buffalohistoryworks.com/panamex/assassination/executon.htm
3. ^ ^{a b} Charles Richmond Henderson (1910). Correction and prevention. http://books.google.com/books?pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=%22Elam%20Lynds%22%20dies&sig=wewHNc3KLO-gT-3AEUpYTFagJ5E&ei=70LETfDbFOXa0QHR-KX1Bw&ct=result&id=F4gbAQAAMAAJ&ots=Po52Jil_ad&output=text. 

Coordinates: 42°56′05″N 76°34′27″W / 42.93472°N 76.57417°W / 42.93472; -76.57417