unobserved
51Virginity — Virgin and Maiden redirect here. For other uses, see Virgin (disambiguation) and Maiden (disambiguation). Invocation by Frederick Leighton White has traditionally been associated with ritual purity, innocence and virginity. Virginity refers to… …
52HMS Ocean (1898) — The fourth HMS Ocean was a Canopus class predreadnought battleship of the British Royal Navy.Technical DescriptionHMS Ocean was laid down at Devonport Dockyard on 15 December 1897, launched on 5 July 1898, and completed in February 1900. [Burt, p …
53Selection bias — is a statistical bias in which there is an error in choosing the individuals or groups to take part in a scientific study.[1] It is sometimes referred to as the selection effect. The term selection bias most often refers to the distortion of a… …
54Expectation-maximization algorithm — An expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is used in statistics for finding maximum likelihood estimates of parameters in probabilistic models, where the model depends on unobserved latent variables. EM alternates between performing an… …
55Principal-agent problem — In political science and economics, the principal agent problem or agency dilemma treats the difficulties that arise under conditions of incomplete and asymmetric information when a principal hires an agent. Various mechanisms may be used to try… …
56David Stove — Full name David Stove Born September 15, 1927(1927 09 15) Died June 2, 1994(1994 06 02) (aged 66) Era 20th century philosophy Region …
57Frank Pia — is an American lifeguard, recognized in the field for his research and training on ways to rescue people in trouble in the water. He is best known for the Pia carry , a widely used method of holding a drowning non swimmer s head out of the water… …
58Instrumental variable — In statistics, econometrics, and related disciplines, the method of instrumental variables (IV) is used to estimate causal relationships when controlled experiments are not feasible. Statistically, IV methods allow consistent estimation when the… …
59Maximum a posteriori — In statistics, the method of maximum a posteriori (MAP, or posterior mode) estimation can be used to obtain a point estimate of an unobserved quantity on the basis of empirical data. It is closely related to Fisher s method of maximum likelihood… …
60The Scissors — is an aerial dog fighting maneuver, commonly used by military fighter pilots before the advent of high thrust to weight fighters (which allow for extended maneuvering in the vertical plane) in the late 1950s to mid 1960s and later, and before the …
