Logician
41Logic in Islamic philosophy — Logic (Arabic: Mantiq ) played an important role in early Islamic philosophy. Islamic law placed importance on formulating standards of argument, which gave rise to a novel approach to logic in Kalam, as seen in the method of qiyas . This… …
42Induction puzzles — are Logic puzzles which are solved via the application of the principle of induction. In most cases, the puzzle s scenario will involve several participants with reasoning capability (typically people) and the solution to the puzzle will be based …
43Christine Ladd-Franklin — Born D …
44Augustus De Morgan — (1806 1871) Born 27 June 1806( …
45artificial intelligence — the capacity of a computer to perform operations analogous to learning and decision making in humans, as by an expert system, a program for CAD or CAM, or a program for the perception and recognition of shapes in computer vision systems. Abbr.:… …
46Indian philosophy — Any of the numerous philosophical systems developed on the Indian subcontinent, including both orthodox (astika) systems, namely, the Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa, and Vedanta schools of philosophy, and unorthodox (nastika) systems …
47Peirce, Charles Sanders — born Sept. 10, 1839, Cambridge, Mass., U.S. died April 19, 1914, near Milford, Pa. U.S. scientist, logician, and philosopher. He was the son of the mathematician and astronomer Benjamin Peirce (1809–80). After attending Harvard University he… …
48artificial intelligence programming language — a computer language developed expressly for implementing artificial intelligence (AI) research. In the course of their work on the Logic Theorist and GPS, two early AI programs, Allen Newell (Newell, Allen) and J. Clifford Shaw of the Rand… …
49Hegel’s logic and philosophy of mind — Willem deVries LOGIC AND MIND IN HEGEL’S PHILOSOPHY Hegel is above all a systematic philosopher. Awe inspiring in its scope, his philosophy left no subject untouched. Logic provides the central, unifying framework as well as the general… …
50Peirce, Charles Sanders — American pragmatism Peirce Cheryl Misak INTRODUCTION Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914), one of America’s greatest philosophers, mathematicians, and logicians, was a difficult and not altogether pleasant character. That, combined with what the… …
