Gradual+culmination
81FRANCE'S NEW AFRICAN POLICY — ▪ 1998 by David Buchan During 1997 a gradual sea change in France s policy toward Africa reached its culmination. Gone or going was France s paternalism toward French speaking Africa, its tendency to want to keep others out of its African pré… …
82Arabic literature — Introduction the body of written works produced in the Arabic language. The tradition of Arabic literature stretches back some 16 centuries to unrecorded beginnings in the Arabian Peninsula. At certain points in the development of… …
83plant development — Introduction a multiphasic process in which two distinct forms succeed each other in alternating generations. One form, created by the union of sexual cells (gametes (gamete)), contains two sets of similar chromosomes (diploid). At sexual… …
84pre-Columbian civilizations — Introduction the aboriginal American Indian (Mesoamerican Indian) cultures that evolved in Meso America (part of Mexico and Central America) and the Andean region (western South America) prior to Spanish exploration and conquest in the 16th …
85technology, history of — Introduction the development over time of systematic techniques for making and doing things. The term technology, a combination of the Greek technē, “art, craft,” with logos, “word, speech,” meant in Greece a discourse on the arts, both… …
86Western Africa — ▪ region, Africa Introduction region lying south of the Sahara and east and north of the Atlantic Ocean. It is latitudinally divided into two parallel belts of land: the western portion of the Sudan, a geographic area that stretches across… …
87Charles Sanders Peirce —  B …
88Mixed Courts of Egypt — The Mixed Courts of Egypt (Arabic: المحاكم المختلطة) were founded in October 1875 by the Khedive Ismail. Designed by Nubar Pasha to be part of the Khedive’s great plans for Egypt, the Mixed Courts led to a radical reform of Egypt’s chaotic… …
89CULTURAL LIFE — Introduction The movement for the return to Zion which emerged as a force at the end of the 19th century was based on a variety of motivations, including the political – the demand for an independent homeland where the Jews could forge their own… …
90SUFISM — (Ar. Taṣawwuf). The Arabic form Taṣawwuf is the name by which Islamic mysticism has been known since the early 9th century C.E. and to which many paths (ṭarīqa, pl. ṭuruq) and individuals still adhere today. The name derives, most probably, from… …
