Overlap-save method

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Overlap-save method

Overlap-save is the traditional name for an efficient way to evaluate the discrete convolution between a very long signal $x \left[n\right]$ with a finite impulse response (FIR) filter $h \left[n\right]$:

:

where h [m] =0 for m outside the region [1, "M"] .

The concept is to compute short segments of "y" ["n"] of an arbitrary length "L", and concatenate the segments together. Consider a segment that begins at "n" = "kL" + "M", for any integer "k", and define:

:

:$y_k \left[n\right] stackrel\left\{mathrm\left\{def\left\{=\right\} x_k \left[n\right] *h \left[n\right] ,$

Then, for "kL" + "M" ≤ "n" ≤ "kL" + "L" + "M" − 1, and equivalently "M" ≤ "n" − "kL" ≤ "L" + "M" − 1, we can write:

:

The task is thereby reduced to computing "y""k" ["n"] , for "M" ≤ "n" ≤ "L" +" M" − 1.

Now note that if we periodically extend "x""k" ["n"] with period "N" ≥ "L" + "M" − 1, according to:

:$x_\left\{k,N\right\} \left[n\right] stackrel\left\{mathrm\left\{def\left\{=\right\} sum_\left\{k=-infty\right\}^\left\{infty\right\} x_k \left[n - kN\right] ,$

the convolutions $\left(x_\left\{k,N\right\}\right)*h,$ and $x_k*h,$ are equivalent in the region "M" ≤ "n" ≤ "L" + "M" − 1. So it is sufficient to compute the $N,$-point circular (or cyclic) convolution of $x_k \left[n\right] ,$ with $h \left[n\right] ,$ in the region [1, "N"] . The subregion ["M", "L" + "M" − 1] is appended to the output stream, and the other values are discarded.

The advantage is that the circular convolution can be computed very efficiently as follows, according to the circular convolution theorem:

:$y_k \left[n\right] = extrm\left\{IFFT\right\}left\left( extrm\left\{FFT\right\}left\left(x_k \left[n\right] ight\right)cdot extrm\left\{FFT\right\}left\left(h \left[n\right] ight\right) ight\right),$

where FFT and IFFT refer to the fast Fourier transform and inverse fast Fourier transform, respectively, evaluated over "N" discrete points.

Pseudocode

("Overlap-save algorithm for linear convolution") H = FFT(h,N) i = 1 while i <= Nx il = min(i+N-1,Nx) yt = IFFT( FFT(x(i:il),N) * H, N) y(i : i+N-L-1) = yt(1+L : N) i = i+L end

"Overlap-discard" and "Overlap-scrap" are less commonly used labels for the same method described here. However, these labels are actually better (than "overlap-save") to distinguish from overlap-add, because both methods "save", but only one discards. "Save" merely refers to the fact that "M" − 1 input (or output) samples from segment "k" are needed to process segment "k" + 1.

References

*Cite book
author=Rabiner, Lawrence R.; Gold, Bernard
coauthors=
title=Theory and application of digital signal processing
date=1975
publisher=Prentice-Hall
location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
isbn=0-13-914101-4
pages=pp 65-67

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