English bagpipes

The English bagpipes are bagpipes played in England. Of these, the only continuous tradition is that of the Northumbrian smallpipes, which are used in the northeastern county of Northumberland.

Although bagpipes had formerly been used in other parts of England dating back at least to the Middle Ages, all but the Northumbrian smallpipes died out. Their reconstruction is a contested issue, as several distinct types of "extinct" bagpipes have been claimed and "reconstructed" based upon iconography or textual clues from English historical sources, though in all cases no undisputed physical examples remain.

Bagpipes are mentioned in English literature as early as "The Canterbury Tales" by Geoffrey Chaucer, written between the 1380s and 1390s. Writing in the Prologue about the Miller, the lines read:

prettyquote|A baggepype wel coude he blowe and sowne,
And ther-with-al he broghte us out of towne.

Stone and wood carvings of bagpipes of many different types began to appear in English cathedrals beginning in the 14th century; examples of such carvings may be found in Cornwall, Dorset, Devon, Herefordshire, Yorkshire, Cambridgeshire, Manchester, Norfolk, and Shropshire. [ [http://www.prydein.com/pipes/2chanter/index.html Bagpipe Carvings ] ] [ [http://www.prydein.com/pipes/2chanter/pagetwo/index.html Bagpipe Carvings ] ] [ [http://www.prydein.com/pipes/exeter/index.html Bagpipe Paintings: The Bagpiper of Exeter ] ]

Bagpipes currently undergoing construction

Lancashire bagpipe or Lancashire great-pipe

Historical attestation

*Aphra Behn's "Sir Patient Fancy" (1678) mentions: "Not so joyful neither Sir, when you shall know Poor Gillian 's dead, My little gray Mare, thou knew'st her mun, Zoz 'thas made me as Melancholy as the Drone of a Lancashire Bagpipe" [ [http://www.geocities.com/behnlady/patientfancy.html Behn, Aphra. Sir Patient Fancy.] ]
*Ralph Thoresby, a topographer, wrote in 1702: "got little rest, the music and Lancashire bagpipes having continued the whole night." [ "cited in" Francis M. Colinson [http://books.google.com/books?id=Sds9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA114&lpg=PA114&dq=Lancashire+bagpipes&source=web&ots=M4Vdfc6cy_&sig=W5OVOC4rbuZuCXrvi5iJ3GsSCnU&hl=en#PPA114,M1 "The Bagpipes: The History of a Musical Instrument"] . Routledge Kegan & Paul (October 1975)]

Leicestershire smallpipes

Numerous reproductions of the Leicestershire smallpipes have been made by pipemaker Julian Goodacre since the late 1900s.

Lincolnshire pipes

The Lincolnshire bagpipes are mentioned by the character Falstaff in William Shakespeare's play "Henry IV, Part 1" (c. 1597). The quote is as follows: "Yea, or the drone of a Lincolnshire bagpipe."

Zetland (Shetland) pipes

The Zetland pipes were created by Pipe Major Royce Lerwick as a reconstruction of bagpipes supposedly brought to the British Isles by the Vikings, via the Shetland ("Zetland") Islands. The modern Zetland pipes consist of a parallel bore chanter in D with a single-reed, and a single-reed octave drone.

Controversy over the validity of "reconstruction"

This process of reconstruction is controversial. Some British pipers and pipemakers, such as Julian Goodacre, have "reconstructed" several types of claimed extinct bagpipes, based on iconography and inconclusive textual clues. Other enthusiasts dispute these findings, as detailed in James Merryweather's article "Regional Bagipes: History or Bunk?" [James Merryweather [http://web.ukonline.co.uk/attadale/merryweather/pdfs/regionalbags.pdf "Regional Bagipes: History or Bunk?"] ] .

While dismissing much research as optimistic interpretations of the source materials, Merryweather claimed to have found indisputable evidence of a bagpiper in Liverpool in 1571. Per Merryweather, the records of the Liverpool Wait makes a single mention of one "henrie halewod bagpiper”. [James Merryweather [http://web.ukonline.co.uk/attadale/merryweather/pdfs/halewood.pdf Henry Halewood: Bagpipe and Liverpool Town Wait 1571-1589] ]

Other bagpipes of the British Isles undergoing reconstruction

*Cornish bagpipes
*Welsh pipes (claimed physical examples survive from the 17th and 18th centuries)
*Zetland pipes

ources

*Stewart, Pete (2001). "Robin With the Bagpipe: The English Bagpipe and Its Music". Ashby Parva: White House Tune Books. ISBN 0907772528.
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=a6s4ezMNjBsC&pg=PA210&lpg=PA210&dq=Lancashire+bagpipe&source=web&ots=6TUQBbagAP&sig=SdPg93Fc8NgriFdDjFLnCcmkabc&hl=en English Manuscript Studies, 1100-1700 - Google Books Result]
* [http://www.jstor.org/pss/842635 JSTOR: Pipers' Pabulum]
* [http://www.jstor.org/pss/739063 JSTOR: Music in the World's Proverbs]
* [http://www.jstor.org/sici?sici=0072-0127(200105)54%3C62%3ATBIE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-S JSTOR: Two-Chanter Bagpipes in England]
* [http://www.jstor.org/sici?sici=0038-7134(195404)29:2%3C239:CMATB%3E2.0.CO;2-N JSTOR: Chaucer's Millers and Their Bagpipes]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=F4GMzSF-VPMC&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66&dq=Lancashire+bagpipe&source=web&ots=Zs-o8CiNmg&sig=ObNzaF0JRzfJzPGO5wlU2PWSYp8&hl=en The Witches of Lancashire - Google Books Result]
* [http://www.archive.org/stream/lancashireREED00georuoft/lancashireREED00georuoft_djvu.txt Lancashire - Records of Early English Drama]
* [http://www.old-liverpool.co.uk/Lancsparishes.html Notes on Lancashire parish Registers]
* [http://www.ibiblio.org/fiddlers/PRAI_PRIM.htm The Fiddler’s Companion, Andrew Kuntz]
*R D Cannon, The Bagpipe in Northern England, Folk Musical Journal Number 2 (1971)
*Alfred Welby [http://nq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/citation/CLIX/oct25/300 The Lincolnshire Bagpipe] Oxford University Press, 1930.
*M.H. Dobbs [http://nq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/citation/CLIX/oct25/299-c The Lincolnshire Bagpipe] Oxford University Press, 1930.
*Stephen Taggart [http://www.jstor.org/pss/3125723 The Lincolnshire Bagpipes] Early Music, Vol. 4, No. 3 (Jul., 1976), pp. 363-365.
*Franz Montgomery [http://mq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/citation/XVII/4/439 The Musical Instruments in "The Canterbury Tales"] . "The Musical Quarterly" 1931 XVII(4):439-448; doi:10.1093/mq/XVII.4.439

=Historical

*http://www.prydein.com/pipes/2chanter/index.html
*http://www.prydein.com/pipes/2chanter/pagetwo/index.html
*http://www.prydein.com/pipes/exeter/index.html
*http://www.prydein.com/pipes/tapestry/index.html

References