Battle of Mataquito

Warbox
conflict=Battle of Mataquito
partof=Arauco War
date=April 30, 1557
place=Vicinity near the foot of the Cerro Chiripilco northeast of the town of La Huerta in Hualañé on the north bank of the Mataquito River
result= Spanish Victory
combatant1=
combatant2=
commander1=
commander2=
strength1= 120 Spanish soldiers [ Lobera,Historia de Chile, Chapter LV] and a number of indios amigos, [ Lobera, Crónica del Reino de Chile, Chapter LV; Rosales, Historia de Chile, Cap. X, Juan Gudiñez had two hundred and fifty Indian friends ]
strength2= 700 Mapuche and 500 allied warriors [ Jerónimo de Vivar, Capítulo CXXIX ] , from the provinces of " Itata, Nuble and Renoguelen " [ Lobera, Crónica, Capítulo LV]
casualties1= 1 Spaniard, over half of the indios amigos
casualties2= 250 - 500 Mapuche [Lobera, Historia de Chile Cap. XXII, no losses mentioned; Alonso Lopez de Larraigada, 500 killed; Vivar, Crónica Capítulo CXXIX, Lautaro another captain and 250 warriors killed; Marmolejo Historia, Cap. XXII "more than three hundred Indians died in this assault with many others wounded or surrendered: Roslaes, Cap. X "six hundred Indians, with many wounded who went to die to their land"] |

Battle of Mataquito was a battle in the Arauco War on April 30, 1557, a dawn surprise attack on Lautaro’s fortified camp between a wooded mountain and the shore of the Mataquito River [ The location of this battle is uncertain and the location of the Mataquito camp has been confused with Lautaro’s 1556 Peteroa fortress.

According to Vivar, Crónica, CXXIX, the 1557 battle was fought at a location three leagues from the province of Gualemo where Francisco de Villagra with seventy men met Juan Godíñez prior to their night march on the Mataquito camp. A soldier in this campaign and the battle, under Juan Godíñez, Alonso Lopez de la Raigada refers to Lautaro’s 1556 fortess as "Peteroa" and the camp where Lautaro was killed as "Mataquito" and also refers to "Peteroa y Mataquito" as separate places (Medina, Colección de documentos inéditos, Información de senidos de Alonso López de la Eaigada). Lobera does not give a place name to the location of the 1556 fortess. He does call the place of the 1557 battle he took part in as being at the "lugar de Mataquito"; Capítulo LV. Marmolejo gives no place names to the location. A place along the north shore of the Mataquito River near the foot of the Cerro Chiripilco northeast of the town of La Huerta in Hualañé is believed to be the location of this camp and a monument was put up commemorating it.] . The battle was between the Spanish forces of the Governor Francisco de Villagra, and Mapuche headed by their toqui Lautaro.

Overview

In early 1557, following the retreat of Lautaro after the Battle of Peteroa, Francisco de Villagra felt strong enough to gather a strong force of soldiers and march south to aid the remaining cities against the Mapuche beseting them. Discovering the city of Santiago was now relatively unprotected, Lautaro evaded army of Villagra, letting them pass to the south. He soon marched again toward Santiago gathering a new army of 6,000 men joined by allies under Panigualgo [Diego de Rosales, Historia de Chile, Cap. X, calls him Chillican] bringing it to 10,000 men [ Lobera,Cap. LV ] . However once the army reached the banks of the Mataquito river, Lautaro's treatment of the local Indians in a manner similar to that of the Spaniards had created many enemies and after a quarrel with his ally over this mistreatment most of the allies and many of the Mapuche refused to follow him. He moved over a league up river from Lora and established himself in a fortified camp [ Rosales, Historia General, Cap. X. ] in a place called Mataquito [ Lobera, Chapter LV] .

Villagra became aware of the location of his camp betrayed by local Indians previously abused by Lautaro. Villagra sent word to Juan Godíñez near Santiago to meet him as he hurriedly returned from the south with seventy men. The Spanish forces met at a location in the province of Gualemo three leagues from Lautaro's camp [Vivar, Crónica, CXXIX ] , without Lautaro being warned by the local Indians. The unified force of Francisco de Villagra, Juan Godíñez, came to 120men, with 57 horsemen (including Pedro Mariño de Lobera), five arcabuzeros and more than four hundred Yanaconas, made a surprise night march over the hills of Caune, to the one overlooking the Lautaro's camp, on the shore of the Mataquito River. Villagra sent a body of Spanish infantry (including Alonso López de la Eaigada) with arquebus or swords and shields into the carrizal under Gabriel de Villagra [ Rosales, Historia General, Cap. X. ] [ Colección de documentos inéditos para la historia de Chile, Vols. 6-7, IV. Información de senidos de Alonso López de la Eaigada, vecino de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile.] . At dawn Villagra made his surprise attack on the camp. The infantry burst into the fortress while Juan Godíñez and Villagra lead the charge of the cavalry down the hill against the fortress with their indian allies in advance [See note 5] . In the beginning of the battle they killed Lautaro coming out of the doorway of his ruca [ Rosales, Historia General, Cap. X.] . When the Spaniards shouted Lautaro was dead, the allied warriors from Itata, Ñuble and Renoguelen fled any way they could [Lobera, Chap. LV] , leaving only Lautaro’s Mapuche fighting a six hour battle with the Mapuche putting up a stubborn resistance despite the death of their leader. At the end of the battle Lautaro and from 250 to 500 Mapuche [See note 5] were killed while the Spaniards lost Juan de Villagra and over half of their yanacona were killed or wounded along with many of the Spaniards horses. Lautaro's head was then taken and displayed in the main plaza of Santiago.

References

Sources

Of these sources Pedro Mariño de Lobera and Alonso López de la Eaigada participated in the battle. While Jerónimo de Vivar and Alonso de Góngora Marmolejo were both living in Chile at the time, Vivar was in Santiago compiling his history, Marmolejo was in the south. Diego de Rosales wrote about one hundred years after the battle, Vicente Carvallo y Goyeneche over two hundred years later.
* Jerónimo de Vivar, [http://www.artehistoria.jcyl.es/cronicas/contextos/11498.htm Crónica y relación copiosa y verdadera de los reinos de Chile (Chronicle and abundant and true relation of the kingdoms of Chile)] ARTEHISTORIA REVISTA DIGITAL; Crónicas de América (on line in Spanish)
** Capítulo CXXIX Que trata de cómo sabido por el general Francisco de Villagran la llegada de Lautaro a los términos de esta ciudad y de lo que en ella hizo
* de Góngora Marmolejo, Alonso, [http://www.historia.uchile.cl/CDA/fh_complex/0,1393,SCID%253D10200%2526ISID%253D404%2526JNID%253D12,00.html Historia de Todas las Cosas que han Acaecido en el Reino de Chile y de los que lo han gobernado (1536-1575) (History of All the Things that Have happened in the Kingdom of Chile and of they that have governed it (1536-1575))] , University of Chile: Document Collections in complete texts: Cronicles (on line in Spanish)
** XXII. De cómo vino de el audiencia de lo reyes proveído Villagra por corregidor de todo el reino, y de lo que hizo
* José Toribio Medina, Colección de documentos inéditos para la historia de Chile, Vols. 6-7, IV.— Información de senidos de Alonso López de la Eaigada, vecino de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. (Archivo de Indias, Patronato, 1-5-34/18), Vols. 6-7 published by Impr. y Encuadernacido Barcelona; v.8-30 by Impr. Elzeviriana., 1901.
* Mariño de Lobera, Pedro, [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/13582842323460728544424/index.htm Crónica del Reino de Chile , escrita por el capitán Pedro Mariño de Lobera....reducido a nuevo método y estilo por el Padre Bartolomé de Escobar. Edición digital a partir de Crónicas del Reino de Chile Madrid, Atlas, 1960, pp. 227-562, (Biblioteca de Autores Españoles ; 569-575).] Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (on line in Spanish)
** Capítulo LV: De la batalla que el general Francisco de Villagrán y los capitanes Alonso de Escobar y Juan Gudines dieron a Lautaro, donde perdió la vida, en el valle de Mataquito
* Diego de Rosales, “Historia General del Reino de Chile”, Flandes Indiano, 3 tomos. Valparaíso 1877 - 1878.
** [http://www.sitiosculturales.cl/mchilena01/temas/documento_detalle.asp?id=MC0005272 Historia general de el Reyno de Chile: Flandes Indiano Vol. 2] CAPÍTULO X.
* Carvallo y Goyeneche, Vicente, [http://www.historia.uchile.cl/CDA/fh_complex/0,1393,SCID%253D7181%2526ISID%253D404%2526JNID%253D12,00.html Descripcion Histórico Geografía del Reino de Chile (Description Historical Geography of the Kingdom of Chile)] , University of Chile: Document Collections in complete texts: Cronicles (on line in Spanish)
** Tomo I, Capítulo XXXIII. Se resuelve Lautaro a rendir la ciudad de Santiago - Caupolican repite el asedio de La Imperial y Valdivia - Villagra va a su socorrro - Muere Lautaro en su espedicion.

External links

* [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=-34.983+-71.433+(Quebrada+tricao)&ll=-34.983,-71.433&spn=05.0,05.0&t=k&hl=en Google Map of Quebrada tricao use search words: "Cerro Chiripilco"] Location and photos of Cerro Chiripilco a site believed to be the locaton of the camp and of the battle.