Gustav Christian Schwabe

Infobox Person
name =Gustav Christian Schwabe
birth_date =birth date|1813|5|10
birth_place =Hamburg, Germany
death_date =death date and age|1897|1|10|1813|5|10
death_place =19 Kensington Palace Gardens, London
occupation =Merchant, Financier
nationality =German / British
religion= Judaism 1813-1819
Lutheran 1819-death
spouse=Helen Dugdale (1842-death)

Gustav Christian Schwabe (10 May 1813 – 10 January 1897) was a German-born merchant and financier who funded companies such as John Bibby & Sons, Harland and Wolff and the White Star Line. Born in Hamburg, Germany, Schwabe moved to Liverpool in 1838 and spent his working life there. Later, Schwabe would spend more time at his house in London, and retired in 1893.

Early life

Gustav Schwabe was born in Hamburg, Germany, to Philipp Benjamin Schwabe, a Jewish merchant and his second wife, Rosalie Levi.cite web |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/48947 |title=Schwabe, Gustav Christian (1813–1897)|accessdate=2008-03-27 |author=Michael S. Moss |date=September 2004 |work=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press] Gustav had three brothers and a half-brother named Ludwig Philipp from his father's previous marriage. In June 1819, when Gustav was aged six, the family were forced to convert to Lutheranism and Gustav was baptised into the Church. On 1 January 1834, Schwabe became a partner at Boustead and Company;cite book |title=From Early Days |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9jIdAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Gustav+Christian+Schwabe%22&dq=%22Gustav+Christian+Schwabe%22&lr=&pgis=1
accessdate=2008-03-27|year=1979 |publisher=Singapore International Chamber of Commerce |pages=page 44] the firm was renamed Boustead, Schwabe and Company, and Schwabe remained involved at the company for 14 years.cite web |url=http://infopedia.nlb.gov.sg/articles/SIP_1246_2007-12-24.html |title=Boustead and Company|accessdate=2008-03-27 |author=Joshua Yeong Jia Chia |date=2006-10-05|work=Infopedia Singapore |publisher=National Library Board Singapore] Schwabe moved to Liverpool in 1838cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/work/northern_ireland/ni_9/article_1.shtml |title=BBC Legacies - Work - Northern Ireland - The Yard – Article 1|accessdate=2008-03-27 |date=2004 |work=BBC Legacies |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation] and started a partnership with Edward Little in a company of commission agents; Little died the following year, apparently leaving Schwabe his house and assets.

Career

In May 1842, Schwabe married Helen Dugdale, who was from the Wirral. Her father was John Dugdale, a businessman in Liverpool and Manchester. Schwabe then entered a partnership with his father-in-law, Benjamin Rutter and Adam Sykes, forming the merchant company Sykes, Schwabe & Co. On 31 December 1853, the partnership was dissolved.cite web |url=http://www.gazettes-online.co.uk/ViewPDF.aspx?pdf=21509&geotype=London&gpn=65&type=ArchivedIssuePage&all=Gustav%20Christian%20Schwabe&exact=&atleast=&similar=|title=Gazette Issue 21509 published on the 6 January 1854. Page 27 of 40 |accessdate=2008-03-27 |date=1854-01-06|work=London Gazette |publisher=The Stationery Office] In the 1840s, Schwabe became a junior partner in John Bibby & Sons, a shipping company based in Liverpool. Around the same period, Schwabe met Edward Harland during Harland's apprenticeship in Newcastle upon Tyne at Robert Stephenson and Company. Schwabe arranged for Harland to be employed at the marine engineers J. & G. Thomson, who were building ships for John Bibby & Sons.cite web |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/37511 |title=Harland, Sir Edward James, baronet (1831-1895)|accessdate=2008-03-27 |author=Michael S. Moss |date=2004 |work=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press] Gustav Wilhelm Wolff, Schwabe's nephew, who would later go into partnership with Harland, left Hamburg in 1849 to live with Schwabe in Liverpool.cite web |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/38146 |title=Wolff, Gustav Wilhelm (1834–1913)|accessdate=2008-03-27 |author=Michael S. Moss |date=2004 |work=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press] In 1858, Schwabe financially assisted Edward Harland's purchase of Robert Hickson's shipyard at Queen's Island, Belfast.cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/ashorthistory/archive/intro191.shtml |title=BBC – A short history of Ireland|accessdate=2008-03-27|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation] Schwabe, with Thomas Henry Ismay, purchased the bankrupt White Star Line in 1867. In 1869, during a game of billiards,cite book |title=Titanic: A Night Remembered |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lBQWD4fhCN4C&pg=PA213&lpg=PA213&dq=Gustav+Schwabe+game+of+billiards&source=web&ots=psjaVRmtdT&sig=WQaXZUgcwHN8hI7uNa8s0b0caS4&hl=en
accessdate=2008-03-27|last=Barczewski |first=Stephanie |year=2006 |publisher=Continuum InternationalPublishing Group |isbn=1852855002 |pages=page 213] Gustav Schwabe made a deal with Thomas Henry Ismay to finance the White Star Line, provided that the White Star Line would buy its ships from Harland and Wolff. Schwabe also convinced Ismay to compete with Cunard in North Atlantic passenger shipping. Schwabe also financially supported Albert Ballin, the managing director of the Hamburg America Line.

Later life

In October 1886, Schwabe donated 128 paintings to the Kunsthalle Hamburg, an art museum in his native Hamburg; afterwards he was created a freeman of the city. Due to the Kunsthalle being too small to hold his paintings, Schwabe also donated 120,000 Marks to be used to extend the building.cite book |title=Pleasure Wars|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rmZhMjac60IC
accessdate=2008-03-27|last=Gay |first=Peter |year=1999 |publisher=W.W. Norton |isbn=0393318273 |pages=page 181] Two years later, the city of Hamburg unveiled a bust of Schwabe.cite book |title=Pleasure Wars|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rmZhMjac60IC
accessdate=2008-03-27|last=Gay |first=Peter |year=1999 |publisher=W.W. Norton |isbn=0393318273 |pages=page 109] In later life Schwabe began to spend less time with his business interests in textiles and shipping and stayed at his home in London more often; in 1893, Schwabe began his retirement.Gustav Christian Schwabe died on 10 January 1897 at his home, 19 Kensington Palace Gardens, London.cite web |url=http://www.gazettes-online.co.uk/ViewPDF.aspx?pdf=26845&geotype=London&gpn=2269&type=ArchivedIssuePage&all=Gustav%20Christian%20Schwabe&exact=&atleast=&similar=|title=Gazette Issue 26845 published on the 23 April 1897. Page 23 of 48|accessdate=2008-03-27 |date=1897-04-23|work=London Gazette |publisher=The Stationery Office] Schwabe left no children, and his legacy was distributed among his nieces and nephews.

References