Robert Joshua

Robert Joshua (6 June 1906 – 2 June 1970) was an Australian politician, and a key figure in the 1955 split in the Australian Labor Party which led to the formation of the Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist) and, subsequently, the Democratic Labor Party.

Early life

Joshua was born at Prahran, Victoria, to Edward Cecil Joshua, a Mauritian distiller, and Mary Inglis, nee Drummond, who was born in Victoria. He attended Caulfield State School and Wesley College, was briefly a motor mechanic, and became a teller at the Bank of Australasia. He married schoolteacher Alma Agnes Watson at Glen Iris on 27 November 1929.

Military service

Joshua served in the Civilian Military Forces from 1924-30 and from 1936-40, rising to the rank of captain. Subsequently, he joined the Australian Imperial Force in 1940 and was posted to the Middle East. He led a successful raid during the defence of Tobruk in Libya, and was awarded the Military Cross. Promoted from major to lieutenant colonel in 1942, he commanded the 2nd/43rd Battalion, which fought around Lae and Finschafen in New Guinea. He was twice wounded in action.

Federal politics

Upon returning to civilian life, Joshua began to reshape his previously conservative political views. He was influenced by G.D.H. Cole and Raymond Postgate's "The Common People", and Lyndhurst Giblin's "The Growth of a Central Bank". He became drawn to the Australian Labor Party, and was president of the Ballarat branch; he had joined the party largely because he supported the nationalisation of the banks.

In 1951, Joshua was elected to the Australian House of Representatives for the seat of Ballaarat. He was known as a fierce anti-communist, and attracted controversy for claiming that the Japanese were "quite unbalanced in their mental outlook" in relation to the 1952 peace bill, although his views were later modified.

In 1955, Joshua, together with six other federal parliamentarians, was expelled from the Labor Party. Together, they formed the Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist). Joshua cited his "distrust" and "sympathy with Communist ideas" of Labor leader H.V. Evatt as reasons for his defection. The only non-Catholic in the new party (he described his religious affiliation as "theist"), Joshua denied any connections with B.A. Santamaria. Eventually, he became an Anglican.

Together with all of the other Anti-Communist members, Joshua was defeated at the 1955 election, having declined an offer from Robert Menzies not to run a Liberal candidate in his seat. Following his defeat, he became an accountant and stockbroker at Ballarat; he continued to contest Ballarat until 1969. Joshua was also the first federal president of the Democratic Labor Party.

Joshua died of cancer on 2 June 1970 at Ballarat, survived by his wife, son and five daughters. He had continued working until a few days before his death, when he notified his doctors: "I'm dying – what are you going to do about it?"

References

*Australian Dictionary of Biography|last=Browne |first=Geoff |authorlink=|year=1996|id=A140671b.htm|title= Joshua, Robert (1906 - 1970) |accessdate=2008-03-15

Persondata
NAME=Joshua, Robert
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Joshua, Bob
SHORT DESCRIPTION=Australian politician
DATE OF BIRTH=6 June 1906
PLACE OF BIRTH= Prahran, Victoria
DATE OF DEATH= 2 June 1970
PLACE OF DEATH=Ballarat, Victoria