Tempelhof Central Airport

Infobox Military Structure
name=Tempelhof Central Airport
partof=
location= Located in West Berlin, Germany
coordinates = Coord|52|28|23|N|13|24|14|E|type:airport_region:DE


caption=Location of Tempelhof Central Airport
in Occupied Berlin 1945-1990
type=Military Airfield
code=
built=1923
builder=
materials=
height=
used=1945-1994
demolished=
condition=
ownership=
controlledby=United States Air Force
garrison=7350th Air Base Group
commanders=
occupants=
battles=
events=:"For the civil airport use of this facility, see Tempelhof International Airport"Tempelhof Central Airport (TCA) was a United States Military airfield in West Berlin, Germany between 1945 and 1994.

During its operational life, it was garrisoned by the United States Air Force, with units of the United States Army Berlin Brigade located within the facility. TCA was located in the southern suburbs of greater Berlin, about 2 miles from the center of the city. It was bounded on the north by Columbiadamm, on the west by Mehringdamm, and on the south by the Tempelhof Freight Terminal; about 1/2 mile north of the Teltow Canal in the American Sector of West Berlin.

Units

The main USAF unit at Tempelhof was the 7350th Air Base Group under various designations:
* 7350th Air Base Group 1 July 1948 - 29 January 1993:7350th Air Base Group (1948-1954) :7350th Air Base Squadron (1954-1958) :7350th Air Support Squadron (1958-1964) :7350th Support Group (1964-1973) :7350th Air Base Group (1973-1993)

Other Major USAFE units at Tempelhof AB were:

* 473rd Air Services Group, 5 July 1945 - 1 December 1946
* 788th Air Base Unit 10 September 1947 - 3 June 1948

* 301st Troop Carrier Squadron 4 July 1945 - 15 Feb 1946:Part of 441st Troop Carrier Group
* 47th Troop Carrier Squadron 30 September 1946 - 5 May 1947:Part of 313th Troop Carrier Group
* 12th Troop Carrier Squadron 5 May 1947 - 20 January 1948

* 1946th AACS Squadron (1 November 1954 - 1992)

History

The facility was named after the historic Tempelhof parade ground in the Belin district of Tempelhof.

Origins

Prior to World War II, TCA was acquired for use as a Royal Prussian parade and exercise ground by King Fredrick William I in 1721. Tempelhof remained a parade ground until 1918. From 1895-1918 field served also as a demonstration area for balloons, airships, and aircraft, including flights in 1908 by Orville Wright and his Wright Flyer.

A German commercial airport was erected on the site in 1922 and a modern European international airport was established in 1934. Ernst Sagebiel designed Tempelhof's futuristic airfield facilities and terminal 1934-1936, and converted it into a major European and international airport. Tempelhof Airport officially opened in 1936, with peak passenger traffic attained in 1938-1939.

Cold War

Germany did not use Tempelhof as a military airfield during World War II, except for occasional emergency landings by fighter aircraft. The airfield was seized by the Soviet Union Red Army in April, 1945 and turned over to the United States in July 1945 with the division of Berlin into occupation zones. TCA was established as an aerial port on 2 July 1945.

Reconstruction of the facility began on 3 July 1945, with its first operational use in August. Tempelhof hosted passengers arriving and departing the Potsdam Conference, and served as Berlin center for the European Air Transport Service (EATS) from September 1945 to March 1948.

TCA also supported the mission of the Office of the High Commissioner of Germany (HICOG), and air-sea rescue operations center when USAFE assumed the direct responsibilities of EATS on 20 December 1947.

With the formation of the United States Air Force in 1947, Tempelhof became a USAF base. The United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) renamed the facility Tempelhof Air Base.

Soviet troops closed off all surface routes into West Berlin on 20 June 1948, compelling the Western Allies to establish the greatest military airlift in history, the Berlin Airlift, flying millions of tons of fuel, clothing, and food into Tempelhof for the beleaguered West Berliners. Engineers constructed a new 6,000-ft runway between July and September 1948 and another between September and October 1948 to accommodate the expanding requirements of the airlift. The last airlift transport touched down at Tempelhof on 30 September 1949. In 1971 one of the pilots during the Berlin Airlift, and the original "Candy Bomber", Gail Halvorsen, returned to Berlin as the commander of Tempelhof Central Airport.

A civil aviation agreement allowed the major airlines to use the airport beginning on 22 May 1950, and U.S. authorities turned over the northeast corner of the airport to the City of Berlin for recreational purposes in 1950.

USAFE renamed the facility Tempelhof Central Airport on 28 February 1958, and on 15 November 1959 administration of Tempelhof was transferred to Ramstein AB.

On 1 September 1975, when all civil air traffic was transferred to Berlin Tegel Airport. Tempelhof was then used solely as a military airport until 1985 when Tempelhof Airways, a US-registered commuter airline, resumed commercial operations with a pair of Nord 262 commuter turboprops to secondary and tertiary destinations in West Germany not served by any scheduled carrier from Tegel at that time. [ [http://www.flightglobal.com/PDFArchive/View/1988/1988%20-%200850.html?search=Berlin%20Regional%20UK "Berlin's commuter market grows", Flight International, 2 April 1988, pp. 6, 8] ]

With civil traffic routed to Tegel, TCA was used solely by U.S. military airlift traffic until the end of the Cold War.

Return to German Control

With the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany, the presence of American forces in Berlin ended. The USAF 7350th Air Base Group at Tempelhof was deactivated on 29 January 1993. In July 1994, with President Clinton in attendance, the British, French, and American air and land forces in Berlin were deactivated in a ceremony on the Four Ring Parade field at Tempelhof in accordance with the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany. The Western Allies returned a united city of Berlin to the unified German government.

The U.S. Army closed its Berlin Army Aviation Detachment at TCA in August 1994, ending a 49-year American military presence in Berlin.

ee also

* United States Air Forces in Europe
* United States Air Force in Germany
* Berlin Airlift
* Cold War
* Tempelhof International Airport

Notes

References

* Endicott, Judy G. (1999) Active Air Force wings as of 1 October 1995; USAF active flying, space, and missile squadrons as of 1 October 1995. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. CD-ROM.
* Fletcher, Harry R. (1989) Air Force Bases Volume II, Active Air Force Bases outside the United States of America on 17 September 1982. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0912799536
* Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0892010924.
* Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947-1977. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0912799129.

External links

* [http://www.berlinveterans.com/history.htm A Short History Of the Berlin Command]
* [http://www.berlin-brigade.de/us-ins/us-ein.html Installations In Berlin]
* Tempelhof Central Airport http://tca.berlin-brigade.com/