Sechelt (steamboat)

The steamship "Sechelt" operated from 1893 to 1911 on Lake Washington, Puget Sound and the Strait of Georgia.. For most of the ship’s career, she was known as the "Hattie Hansen".. The vessel became well-known following her unexplained sinking with no survivors near Race Rocks Lighthouse in 1911.

Construction

"Hattie Hansen" was built in 1893 on Lake Washington by the Edward F. Lee Shipyard at Sand Point. She was ordered by Capt. J.C. O’Connor for service on the lake. Before construction was complete, O’Connor sold her to Ole L. Hansen (1875-1940), one of the Hansen family which operated steamboats on Puget Sound.

Operations

Puget Sound and Hood Canal service

Later in 1893 "Hattie Hansen" was brought out to the sound through the Duwamish River, which at that time connected to Lake Washington. Her new owners, the Hansen family, put her on the route from Seattle to Dogfish Bay, (or Liberty Bay as local residents prefer.) Capt. J.J. Hansen served as her master. In 1898 she was switched over to the Hood Canal mail route for a time, later returning to the Seattle - Poulsbo route, where she stayed until 1902. Her last master on the Poulsbo run was Capt. Alf Hostmark (1875-1953). J.F. Curtis and Sons bought "Hattie Hansen" in 1903 and put her on the Everett - Coupeville route, under Capt. A.H. Curtis, where she ran until the ferry "Whidby" was placed on the route, and she was sold to a Canadian firm.

trait of Georgia service

The new Canadian owners renamed the vessel "Sechelt", a town, peninsula and inlet in British Columbia, all ultimately named after the Shishalh people, one of the First Nations of British Columbia. "Sechelt" was first placed on the Vancouver – Sechelt route up the Strait of Georgia, under the command of Captain Robert Reginald Clarke. Capt Leopold Arther Bernays also commanded "Sechelt" from June to about the end of September or October. During 1910, "Sechelt" had some difficulties on this route,and striking a reef at the Vancouver harbor entrance in August, and going ashore at Bowen Island in November.

Transfer to Strait of Juan de Fuca

Purchase by James and Jarvis

In January 1911, Capt. H.B. James, of Victoria, together with his life-long friend and former shipmate Harold Gray Jarvis, a marine surveyor bought "Sechelt" at Vancouver, formed the Sechelt Towage Company, and then brought the vessel over to Vancouver Island. Although he had had experience as a officer on oceangoing vessels, Captain James had not long operated inland steamships, having arrived in British Columbia in only about late 1909. James and Jarvis then set up business as the British Columbia Steamship Company. In 1910 or early 1911, they chartered the small steel-hulled twin-propeller steamer "Tasmanian" for a month to run on the route from Victoria to Sooke as test to see if the business warranted the purchase of a larger vessel. Both James and Jarvis had licenses as master mariners. They then put "Sechelt" on the Victoria - Sooke route, and she made her first run on March 1, 1911, under Capt.Caral Stromgren.

ooke harbor route

Sooke was a town with a sheltered small harbor near the southern end of Vancouver Island, and the route there from Victoria required "Sechelt" to traverse the eastern part of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, a notoriously dangerous body of water, which had then recently (in 1904) claimed the then-new steamboat "Clallam", a much larger, newer, and stronger built vessel than the "Sechelt", The Clallam’s sinking in nearly the same waters was well-known in shipping circles and there was talk that "Sechelt" was not fit for the route. The vessel ran in the narrow passage between Race Rocks Lighthouse and the mainland, which was often hazardous in any conditions, but particularly on an ebb tide. Still as a condition of her insurance, just before James and Jarvis bought the vessel, her underwriters had required a through overhaul out of the water, which cost $6,000, the entire vessel having an insured value of $9,000.

Initial run to Sooke

During the "Sechelt" ‘s first trip to Sooke, on March 1, 1911, she carried only four passengers and two tons of freight. The weather was good and everything went fine. On her return on March 2, she was laid up for some alteration work to her cabins. Also, it appears that she’d lost a propeller blade on the trip to Sooke. Although in theory Captain Stromgren was the "regular master" of "Sechelt" , in fact he made only one trip in "Sechelt" (her first one on March 1, 1911 to Sooke) and, due in part to Stromgren’s illness, James made 18 trips on the Sooke run in "Sechelt" ,

Loss of vessel

Last run to Sooke

On Friday, March 24, March 1911, with Capt. H.B. James in command. "Sechelt" departed Victoria harbor at 2:30 p.m. On board were her crew of four, an estimated 33 passengers, mostly workers on the Canadian Northern, and about 12,240 pounds of freight, including steel rails. She reached the government quarantine station dock at William Head, discharged about 13 passengers and freight, then left the quarantine dock at 3:58 p.m.

Vessel in distress

As she steamed around Beechy Head where she was hit by high wind and seas in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Just what happened next is uncertain. Either her engine or steering gear failed, or Captain James decided to turn back.

inking

The only witnesses to the sinking were Henry Charles and his wife Anna Charles, people of the First Nations living on Beacher Bay Reserve. Henry Charles had substantial sea experience working as a fisherman and on schooners. In later testimony, he described the sinking as follows:

From the evidence of Henry Charles, given at his house, the examiner concluded that the "Sechelt" had sunk about one and one-half miles southeast of South Bedford Island (a bare rock) in 40 fathoms of water. All aboard were lost.

Rescue efforts fail

Having seen the disaster, Henry Charles ran to Rocky Point, where there was a telephone link to the quarantine station at William Head. The quarantine station received the call at 7:56 p.m. They blew the emergency whistle and five minutes later, Captain Thomas Riley took out the government steamer "Madge" to go to the scene (Madge as the quarantine vessel always had steam up because they never knew when a ship might arrive.) When they got there, they cruised around in the dark for about two hours looking for bodies or wreckage, but found none.

The station also sent a launch to Victoria. The tug "William Joliffe" went out to the wreck scene, but could recover only one or two bodies. (This is according to McCurdy; Jarvis in testimony given shortly after the event, stated no bodies were ever recovered.) Wreckage washed up on nearby beaches including both her two life boats still in their davits. All aboard were drowned, an estimated twenty people.

Inquiry into wreck

A thorough official inquiry was launched as to the causes of the wreck. The preliminary inquiry was conducted by Captain Charles Eddie, Examiner of Masters and Mates, of the Port of Vancouver. [http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/sos/naufrages/002031-119.01-e.php?&document_code=7442&page=1&&page_id=7442-1&&&&&&&&&PHPSESSID=0dlqo6csntk7fsnsog74i0og46 “RG42, Marine Branch, Series C-3-a, Volume 561, Wrecks, Casualties and Salvage - Formal Investigations - S.S. SECHELT. 1911", Shipwreck Investigations, Library and Archives Canada] (accessed 2008-03-02)]

Complaints about mechanical condition

On March 30, 1911, Augustus Charles Kick, an experienced man who had served as "Sechelt"’s chief engineer from about March 4 to March 17, 1911, testified that her bilge pumps were inadequate and she tended to ship a lot of water when the engine was working, this was apparently the result of the loss of two of her propeller blades. The engineer considered "Sechelt" unstable unless she were well-ballasted, and if cargo were carried only on the main deck (instead the hold, which was entirely used for a coal bunker except for some ballast forward), in his opinion her instability would increase. The engineer testified that he’d left the "Sechelt" for this reason. Kick described the weather conditions on the day of the sinking, which he ascribed entirely to the vessel’s instability.

Concern about weather conditions

Captain Caral Stromgren, the "Sechelt"’s "regular" captain [This according to McCurdy. In fact Captain Stromgren had actually commanded "Sechelt" just once.] stated that he’d been ill so Captain James had relieved him. (Jarvis testified later that he and James had fired Stromgren, apparently related to his unawareness that he’d lost a propeller blade and the possibility it posed for damage to the ship) In any case, Stromgren had wanted to talk with Captain James on the 24th of March, so he went down to the Grand Trunk Pacific dock, where he found that the "Sechelt" had been shifted over to Canadian Pacific Railway dock. It was blowing hard and raining so he did not think the "Sechelt" would go out, so he decided to speak with Captain James later. He didn’t learn until the next day that the "Sechelt" had gone out and been lost. Had he been in command he would never had taken her out. With some exceptions, he considered the "Sechelt" to have been in good condition.

Owners claim vessel in good condition.

Harold Brown, who had been acting as booking agent for the the "Sechelt" not surprisingly disagreed with Engineer Kick, testifying that he thought a vessel of the "Sechelt" ‘s type could have handled the sea conditions on the Strait and he had never at any time seen the "Sechelt" out of trim

Recent repair work and underwater inspection

William Turpel, owner of a marine railway in Victoria, testified that his company had hauled the "Sechelt" out of the water on March 14, 1911 to repair her propeller, which, because one blade had been lost, the opposite blade had to be removed to keep the shaft in balance.. In his opinion, without plenty of ballast, the boat was too tall and narrow to be a good sea boat. Harold G. Jarvis, her surviving owner testified to the contrary, that he felt, as an experienced seaman, that the "Sechelt" was perfectly suitable for the Victoria-Sooke run and that when he and Captain James had inspected her when she was hauled out at Turpel’s yard, they both found her to be in “first-class” condition. He did not consider the vessel top-heavy and stated she’d made several trips just before her loss in worse weather conditions, which on the 24th he characterized as “fresh” but not a gale. He that on March 24th, 1911, he’d been on board the vessel before she sailed. All the cargo was stowed as low as possible on the main deck, and that no cargo was carried on the upper deck, nor did they ever carry cargo on the upper deck. He couldn’t give an opinion as to the cause of the loss of the vessel, but thought it must have been due to a sudden accident or mechanical problem which caused her to veer out of control broadside to the wind.

Ultimate conclusion

There is no record of the inquiry’s decision readily to hand. One authority states no clear determination could be made as to the cause of sinking.

imilar wrecks

Less than three weeks later, on April 10, 1911, the steamer "Iroquois" sunk in similar circumstances in the Strait of Georgia. In that case, the ship's cargo, having been poorly stowed, shifted when the vessel encountered a squall. This time there were survivors, including the captain, who was convicted of manslaughter. The same tug, "William Joliffe" that went out to the "Sechelt" sinking also went to the wreck of the "Iroquois." The much larger steamer "Clallam" was lost in January 1904 in waters near the sinking of "Sechelt" in somewhat similar weather conditions, and its loss was mentioned in the proceedings investigated the "Sechelt" disaster. In 1906 the "Dix", a similar vessel to "Sechelt" capsized and sank quickly following a collision in Elliot Bay, and although there were survivors, like "Sechelt" no lifeboats could be launched and many people were trapped inside and dragged down with the vessel.

ee also

*"Clallam" {steamboat)
*"Dix" (steamboat)

Notes

External links

British Columbia Provincial Archives image collection

* [http://www.bcarchives.gov.bc.ca/cgi-bin/www2i/.visual/img_med/dir_105/b_03984.gif"Sechelt" stranded on Bowen Island] Note that the date ascribed by the Provincial Archives for this photograph, March 25, 1911, is certainly incorrect. The Bowen Island stranding occurred in November 1910, and the final wreck of "Sechelt" was not on the beach but down in 40 fathoms of water, and no major parts of the ship were ever recovered.

University of Washington digital libraries

* [http://content.lib.washington.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/imlsmaritime&CISOPTR=590&CISOBOX=1&REC=2 "Sechelt" when she was operating on Puget Sound as "Hattie Hansen"] This is a good overall view of this typical steamer. Note the low freeboard and the large openings in the superstructure.