Convoy ON-166

Convoy ON-166

Convoy ON-166 was the 166th of the numbered ON series of merchant ship convoys Outbound from the British Isles to North America. Sixty-three ships departed Liverpool 11 February 1943; and were met the following day by Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group A-3 consisting of the USCG Treasury Class Cutters "Campbell" and "Spencer" and the Flower class corvettes "Dianthus", "Chilliwack", "Rosthern", "Trillium" and "Dauphin".

On 20 February "U-604" sighted the convoy scattered by a northwesterly gale. "U-332" torpedoed straggling 5964-ton Norwegian "Stigstad" on the morning of 21 February. Three of "Stigstad"'s crew were lost. "U-623" was sunk by a No. 120 Squadron RAF B-24 Liberator that afternoon, and "Campbell" attacked a U-boat that evening. Postwar analysis concluded "Campbell" sank "U-225", [Morison 1975 p.338] but more recent re-evaluation indicates the attack may have destroyed "U-529". [Rohwer & Hummelchen 1992 p.194]

"U-92" torpedoed 9348-ton Norwegian "NT Nielsen Alonso" and 9990-ton British "Empire Trader" on the night of February 21-22. Three merchant sailors were lost with 985 tons of chemical cargo. [Hague 2000 pp.161-2] "ORP Burza" from following convoy ONS-167 was ordered to reinforce the convoy escort.

"U-606" torpedoed 6615-ton British "Empire Redshank", 5687-ton American "Chattanooga City" and 4959-ton American "Expositor" after sunset 22 February, and was damaged by depth charges from the recently arrived "ORP Burza". "Campbell" was disabled in a collision with "U-606"; and twelve men were rescued from the crew of the sinking U-boat. "ORP Burza" left the convoy to tow "Campbell" back to port. Convoy rescue ship "Stockport" was sunk by "U-604" while returning to the convoy after rescuing men from the three ships torpedoed by "U-606". Sixty-nine merchant sailors were lost. [Hague 2000 pp.92&162]

"U-628" torpedoed 6907-ton Panamanian "Winkler" and 6409-ton Norwegian "Glittre" and "U-186" torpedoed 6207-ton British "Eulima" and 5401-ton American "Hastings" on 23 February while "Spencer", "Rosthern" and "Chilliwack" remained with the convoy and "Dianthus" left to refuel. Ninety-five merchant sailors were lost. [Hague 2000 pp.161-2]

"U-653" torpedoed straggling 7176-ton American "Jonathan Sturges". "U-600" torpedoed 4391-ton Norwegian "Ingria" before dawn on 24 February. "U-628" torpedoed 7264-ton British "Manchester Merchant" before dawn 25 February. Ninety-two merchant sailors were lost. [Hague 2000 p.162] The U-boats discontinued the attack on 26 February, and 48 ships reached New York City on 3 March 1943.

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