Base load power plant

Baseload (also base load, or baseload demand) is the minimum amount of power that a utility or distribution company must make available to its customers, or the amount of power required to meet minimum demands based on reasonable expectations of customer requirements. Baseload values typically vary from hour to hour in most commercial and industrial areas. [cite web
url=http://www.energyvortex.com/energydictionary/baseload__base_load__baseload_demand.html
title=Energy Dictionary - Baseload, base load, baseload demand
publisher=EnergyVortex.com
date=
language=English
accessdate=2008-08-03]

Baseload plant, (also baseload power plant or base load power station) is an energy plant devoted to the production of baseload supply. Baseload plants are the production facilities used to meet some or all of a given region's continuous energy demand, and produce energy at a constant rate, usually at a low cost relative to other production facilities available to the system. [cite web
url=http://www.energyvortex.com/energydictionary/baseload_plant.html
title=Energy Dictionary - Baseload plant
publisher=EnergyVortex.com
date=
language=English
accessdate=2008-08-03] Examples of baseload plants using nonrenewable fuels include nuclear and coal-fired plants. Among the renewable energy sources, hydroelectric, geothermal [cite web
url=http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/story?id=50159
title=Scaling Geothermal for Reliable Baseload Power
publisher=renewableenergyworld.com
date=2007-10-05
language=English
accessdate=2008-08-03] and OTEC can provide baseload power. Baseload plants typically run at all times through the year except in the case of repairs or scheduled maintenance. (Hydroelectric power also has the desirable attribute of dispatchability, but a hydroelectric plant may run low on its fuel (water at the reservoir elevation) if a long drought occurs over its drainage basin.)

Each baseload power plant on a grid is allotted a specific amount of the baseload power demand to handle. The base load power is determined by the load duration curve of the system. For a typical power system, the rule of thumb is that the base load power is usually 35-40% of the maximum load during the year.Fact|date=June 2008

Peaks or spikes in customer power demand are handled by smaller and more responsive types of power plants called peaking power plants.

Economics

Power plants are designated base load based on their low cost generation, efficiency and safety at set outputs. Baseload power plants do not change production to match power consumption demands since it is always cheaper to run them rather than running higher cost combined cycle plants or combustion turbines. Baseload generators, such as nuclear and coal, often have very large fixed costs and very low marginal costs. On the other hand, peak load generators, such as natural gas , have low fixed costs and high marginal costs. [cite web
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aF7lWf14H2EC&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=hydro+base+load&source=web&ots=qAfGeztoow&sig=9ZbHwDwDOUmzcBhXyZdmp7SU3bw&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result
title=Ontario Hydro at the Millennium: Has Monopoly's Moment Passed?
author=Ronald J. Daniels
publisher=Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press
date=1996
language=English
accessdate=2008-08-03] Typically these plants are large and provide a majority of the power used by a grid. Thus, they are more effective when used continuously to cover the power baseload required by the grid.

Base load power plant usage

Nuclear and coal power plants may take many hours, if not days, to achieve a steady state power output.Fact|date=July 2008 On the other hand, they have low fuel costs.Fact|date=July 2008 Because they require a long period of time to heat up to operating temperature, these plants typically handle large amounts of baseload demand. Different plants and technologies may have differing capacities to increase or decrease output on demand: nuclear plants are generally run at close to peak output continuously (apart from maintenance, refueling and periodic refurbishment), while coal-fired plants may be cycled over the course of a day to meet demandFact|date=June 2008. Plants with multiple generating units may be used as a group to improve the "fit" with demand, by operating each unit as close to peak efficiency as possible.

See also

*Capacity factor
*Energy demand management
*Grid energy storage
*Intermittent power source
*Load balancing (electrical power)
*Peaking power plant

References

External links

* [http://cipco.apogee.net/foe/fgdlbl.asp Base Load Power Plants - Fundamentals of Electricity]
* [http://www.energy.ca.gov/electricity/levelized_cost.html Levelized Costs of Electricity Production by Technology]
* [http://www.asktheenergydoctor.com/images/X7-Capacity.doc The Energy Resources and Economics Workbook (.doc)]