Selimiye Mosque

Selimiye Mosque

Coordinates: 41°40′41″N 26°33′34″E / 41.67806°N 26.55944°E / 41.67806; 26.55944

Selimiye Mosque and its Social Complex *
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Edirne 7333 Nevit.JPG
Country Turkey
Type Cultural
Criteria i, iv
Reference 1366
Region ** Europe and North America
Coordinates 41°40′41″N 26°33′34″E / 41.67806°N 26.55944°E / 41.67806; 26.55944
Inscription history
Inscription 2011 (35th Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List
** Region as classified by UNESCO

The Selimiye Mosque (Turkish: Selimiye Camii) is an Ottoman mosque in the city of Edirne, Turkey. The mosque was commissioned by Sultan Selim II and was built by architect Mimar Sinan between 1569 and 1575 [1]. It was considered by Sinan to be his masterpiece and is one of the highest achievements of Islamic architecture.

Contents

Description

Selimiye Mosque
Basic information
Location Edirne, Turkey
Geographic coordinates 41°40′41″N 26°33′34″E / 41.67806°N 26.55944°E / 41.67806; 26.55944
Affiliation Islam
Heritage designation 2011
Architectural description
Architect(s) Mimar Sinan
Architectural type Mosque
Architectural style Ottoman architecture
Groundbreaking 1568
Completed 1574
Specifications
Minaret(s) 4

This grand mosque stands at the center of a külliye (complex of a hospital, school, library and/or baths around a mosque) which comprises a medrese (Islamic academy teaches both Islamic and scientific lessons), a dar-ül hadis (Al-Hadith school), a timekeeper's room and an arasta (row of shops). In this mosque Sinan employed an octagonal supporting system that is created through eight pillars incised in a square shell of walls. The four semi domes at the corners of the square behind the arches that spring from the pillars, are intermediary sections between the huge encompassing dome (31.25m diameter with spherical profile) and the walls.

While conventional mosques were limited by a segmented interior, Sinan's effort at Edirne was a structure that made it possible to see the mihrab from any location within the mosque. Surrounded by four tall minarets, the Mosque of Selim II has a grand dome atop it. Around the rest of the mosque were many additions: libraries, schools, hospices, baths, soup kitchens for the poor, markets, hospitals, and a cemetery. These annexes were aligned axially and grouped, if possible. In front of the mosque sits a rectangular court with an area equal to that of the mosque. The innovation however, comes not in the size of the building, but from the organization of its interior. The mihrab is pushed back into an apse-like alcove with a space with enough depth to allow for window illumination from three sides. This has the effect of making the tile panels of its lower walls sparkle with natural light. The amalgamation of the main hall forms a fused octagon with the dome-covered square. Formed by eight massive dome supports, the octagon is pierced by four half dome covered corners of the square. The beauty resulting from the conformity of geometric shapes engulfed in each other was the culmination of Sinan's life-long search for a unified interior space.

At the Bulgarian siege of Edirne in 1913, the dome of the mosque was hit by Bulgarian artillery. Due to the dome's extremely sturdy construction, the mosque survived the assault with only minor damage. On Atatürk's order, it has not been restored since then, to serve as a warning for future generations[citation needed]. Some damage can be seen on the image of the dome above, at and near the dark red calligraph to the immediate left of the central blue area.

The mosque was depicted on the reverse of the Turkish 10,000 lira banknotes of 1982-1995.[2] The mosque, together with its külliye, was included on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 2011.

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ Kiuiper (2009). Islamic Art, Literature, and Culture. Rosen Education Service. pp. 201. ISBN 978-1615300198. 
  2. ^ Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. Banknote Museum: 7. Emission Group - Ten Thousand Turkish Lira - I. Series, II. Series, III. Series & IV. Series. – Retrieved on 20 April 2009.

External links



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